霸王鞭化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱色谱及HPLC等分离方法对新鲜霸王鞭的乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离纯化,得到8个单体化合物,通过1H NMR和13C NMR的方式鉴出其结构分别为蒲公英赛醇(1),大戟醇(2),木栓酮(3),乙酰表木栓醇(4),西米杜鹃醇(5),α-菠甾醇(6),山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(7),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(8)。化合物4,5,7,8为首次从霸王鞭中分离得到。     

牛角瓜根化学成分的研究

从牛角瓜(Calotropis gigantea)根的乙醇粗提物中分离出9个化合物,通过质谱(MS)、核磁共振谱(NMR)等分析方法,鉴定了它们的结构.分别为洋地黄毒甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(1)、洋地黄毒甙元-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(2)、坎诺甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(3)、坎诺甙元-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(4)、齐墩果烷-12-烯(5)、羽扇豆醇(6)、奈皮菌素(7)、3α,11α-二羟基-20(29)-羽扇豆烷-28-酸甲酯(8)和熊果酸(9),其中,化合物1～4为强心苷类化合物,5～9为三萜或甾体类化合物,化合物1～3,5为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

马六甲蒲桃的化学成分

为从马六甲蒲桃果实中寻找化学成分,利用正反相硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等技术对 马六甲蒲桃果实的乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过1 H-NMR和13C-NMR等波谱技术结合文献数据 对照进行化合物结构鉴定。共分离鉴定了17个化合物,分别为山奈酚3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（1）、 山奈酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖（2）、异鼠李素（3）、异鼠李素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖（4）、槲皮素-3-O-α-L- 鼠李糖（5）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（6）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖（7）、杨梅素-4''-甲醚 -3-O-α-L-鼠李糖（8）、6,8-二甲基乔松素（9）、乔松素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（10）、 stercurensin （11）、根皮苷（12）、3-甲氧基鞣花酸-3′-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖（13）,4,5-二羟基-6-甲基-α-吡喃酮 （14）、5,7-二羟基-2-甲基色原酮（15）、反式肉桂酸（16）和苹果酸二甲酯（17）。其中化合物1~10为 黄酮,11和12为查尔酮,其中,化合物4、6、14、15和17首次从蒲桃属植物中分离得到,1、4、5、6、9、 10、13~17首次从马六甲蒲桃中分离得到,所有化合物均首次从马六甲蒲桃果实中分离得到。     

油茶枯中两个多酚化合物的提取分离及其抗炎活性研究

为深入研究油茶中的多酚化合物及其药理活性,以油茶枯为原料,经石油醚脱脂、乙醇提取、2次中低压制备色谱制备得到2个多酚化合物山奈酚-3-O-[2-O-β-D-半乳糖-6-O-α-L-鼠李糖]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)和山奈酚-3-O-[2-O-β-D-木糖-6-O-α-L-鼠李糖]-β-D-葡萄糖(2),并采用MTT法检测多酚化合物对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的毒性作用;利用脂多糖LPS刺激巨噬细胞RAW264.7建立炎症模型,采用ELISA试剂盒测定油茶多酚1,2及混合物3的抗炎活性。结果表明,多酚化合物1、2及其混合物3对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7毒性不大,且均能抑制TNF-α、NO、i NOS的表达释放,表现出良好的抗炎活性,在药物研究与开发上具有良好发展前景。     

升麻根茎的化学成分研究

用层析方法从升麻(Cimicifuga foetida)的根茎中分离得到7个化合物.通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为:升麻醇(1);25-O-乙酰基升麻醇(2);升麻醇-3-O-β-D-木糖甙(3);12β-羟基升麻醇-3-O-β-D-木糖甙(4);25-O-乙酰基升麻醇-3-O-β-D-木糖甙(5);升麻醇-3-O-α-L-...     

川续断皂苷乙的化学结构与波谱特征

川续断皂苷乙[Dipsacoside B,3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷基-常春藤皂苷]进行了1H和13C NMR检测,补充和纠正了文献1H NMR数据,明确区分该化合物13个羟基的归属,通过DEPT、1H-1H COSY、HSQC、HMBC等1D,2D NMR技术对该化合物所有的1H和13C NMR信号进行了全归属和详细解析,确定了化学结构与波谱特征.     

绵萆薢化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

采用现代分离技术对绵萆薢的化学成分进行了分离纯化,并用波谱技术鉴定其结构.结果从该植物提取物中分离得到8个化合物,分别为:对羟基苯乙酮(1)、4-(对羟基苯基)-2-丁酮(2)、肉桂酸(3)、对羟基苯乙醇(4)、苯酚(5)、1-β-D-呋喃核糖基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑(6)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(7)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(8).其中化合物1～6为首次从该植物分离得到,且化合物1、4、5、6是首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

高效液相色谱法测定葛枣弥猴桃叶中黄酮苷A的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定了葛枣猕猴桃叶中一种黄酮苷类成分--山奈酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→3)-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(黄酮苷A)的含量.用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶做填充剂,甲醇-1%乙酸(乙酸体积分数为0.1%)做流动相,检测波长为267nm.结果表明:线性范围为0.099～9.99μg;平均回收率为102.3%;相对标准偏差为1.5%.     

RP-HPLC法测定罗汉果叶中总黄酮含量

用反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定罗汉果(Momordica grosvenori)叶中总黄酮的含量，用保留时间定性，用外标法定量。结果表明，罗汉果叶含有黄酮甙元槲皮素和山奈酚，槲皮素线性回归方程为y=179033．73x 6958.30，r=0.9951；山奈酚线性回归方程为y=176444．32x 10827．99，r=0．9944。罗汉果叶中总黄酮含量为1．618％。     

藜中黄酮类的化学成分

采用正、 反相硅胶和葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱技术对藜（Chenopodium album L.）的黄酮类化学成分进行分离和纯化, 得到4个黄酮类化合物, 分别
为槲皮素3-O-芸香糖苷(1)、 芹菜素6,8-二-C-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、 槲皮素3-O-［α-L-鼠李糖（1→4）-α-L-鼠李糖（1→6）-β-D-葡萄糖］(3)、 异鼠李素3-O-［α-L-鼠李糖（1→4）-α-L-鼠李糖（1→6）-β-D-葡萄糖］(4). 其中化合物2、3、4为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme