低比例DME/LPG混合燃料对点燃式发动机性能和排放的影响

在发动机试验台架上初步研究了Santana 2000汽油机燃用w=-5%～15%二甲醚(DME)的DME/LPG(液化石油气)混合燃料时的性能以及排放,分析了混合燃料对汽油机性能的影响.研究结果表明:燃用低比例的DME/LPG混合燃料时,发动机的动力性达到甚至略超过燃用LPG时的水平,有效热效率和燃油经济性都有所改善;点燃式发动机燃用DME/LPG混合燃料后,发动机的CO和HC排放降低,Nox排放增加.低比例DME/LPG混合燃料在点燃式发动机中具有一定的开发潜力.     

天然气发动机动力性恢复研究

通过控制装置转换两用燃料来恢复发动机的动力性。在对两种燃料进行了性能对比试验后,分析并确定了转换点对应的节气门开度。然后进行燃料转换试验。研究结果表明：天然气汽油转换发动机运转稳定,最佳的转换位置是50％节气门开度。开度低于50％时,发动机燃用天然气;高于50％后,燃用汽油以恢复动力性要求。转换前后发动机排放分别接近燃用天然气和汽油的排放量。     

天然气发动机使用性能的分析与改善

分析了天然气发动机动力性能下降机理,与燃用汽油比较,计算出燃用天然气时的实际分子变更系数β=1,燃用天然气循环功损失为5.74%。汽油车改为天然气车后,热效率增加,但混合气热值及充气量减小幅度较大,加之β减小,使动力性有较大的下降。在以CA6102发动机为基础改装的天然气/汽油两用燃料发动机上进行了动力性试验。满负荷实测试验表明,发动机燃用天然气时,进气量为燃用汽油时进气量的89.9%,仅进气量下降就使发动机的动力性能下降约10%。外特性试验表明,在发动机转速为3 000 r.min-1时,燃用天然气和燃用汽油时的功率分别为65.3kW和89.5 kW,燃用天然气燃料功率损失高达27%。最后给出了提高天然气汽车动力性的措施。     

丁醇汽油对发动机性能影响的实验研究

以93#无铅汽油为基础油,按照体积分数配制出20%的丁醇-汽油混合燃料,研究了电喷汽油机在不作改动的情况下燃用高掺混比丁醇-汽油混合燃料时的动力性和经济性变化情况.研究结果表明,在不改变汽油机任何参数的情况下,与原汽油机相比,20%体积掺混率的丁醇-汽油混合燃料动力性相差不大,低转速性能还稍有提高,而CO和HC的排放则有明显的改善.     

食用油下脚料制生物柴油混合燃料的发动机性能改善研究

在单缸直喷柴油机上燃用生物柴油混合燃料进行动力性与经济性、燃烧与排放特性试验。研究表明:与燃用纯生物柴油相比,发动机燃用生物柴油醇类混合燃料功率降低;有效燃油消耗率增加,有效能量消耗率降低;燃烧压力曲线后移,小负荷时峰值压力降低,中高负荷时峰值压力增加;CO与碳烟排放浓度降低(掺混甲醇效果更好)、HC排放略有增加但绝对值低、NOX排放基本保持不变。     

乙醇汽油发动机排放特性研究

在一台JL368Q3多点电喷汽油机上，开展了乙醇汽油（不同掺混比）发动机排放特性的研究，并用GC2010气相色谱仪测量了排气中未燃醇醛的排放浓度．试验结果表明：在发动机运转参数相同的条件下，燃用E10、E20（乙醇的体积分数分别为10％、20％）混合燃料时，发动机的CO和NOx排放有了较好的改善，降幅可分别达到15％和5％，但在高负荷时发动机的HC排放增加；乙醇汽油发动机排气中的醇醛排放随发动机的转速和负荷增加而增加，其中乙醛排放随燃料中乙醇含量的增加而增加；经过三效催化转化后，乙醇汽油发动机的醇醛在大部分工况下可以实现零排放．     

二甲醚发动机掺烧液化石油气燃烧和排放特性的试验研究

在一台直喷二甲醚发动机上,进行了掺烧液化石油气(LPG)的台架试验,研究混合燃料中LPG的含量对二甲醚发动机燃烧和排放的影响。研究表明,随着混合燃料中LPG含量的增加,滞燃期延长、着火始点延后、燃烧持续期缩短,低负荷时变化更大。燃油消耗率随LPG含量增大先降低后增加,LPG含量过高或过低都会导致油耗率升高。在二甲醚中掺混30%LPG时油耗率最低,发动机经济性最佳。LPG对NO_x排放影响较为复杂,低负荷时,随LPG含量的增大;NO_x排放上升。中高负荷时,随LPG含量增大,NO_x排放先增大后减小。随着LPG含量增大,发动机HC排放略有升高,CO排放迅速增加;高负荷时CO排放增幅更大。研究结果为LPG燃料在压燃式发动机上的应用及改善二甲醚发动机的燃油经济性提供了试验指导。     

二甲醚发动机掺烧LPG燃烧和排放特性的试验研究

在一台直喷二甲醚发动机上进行了掺烧LPG的台架试验,研究混合燃料中LPG的含量对二甲醚发动机燃烧和排放的影响。研究表明,随着混合燃料中LPG含量的增加,滞燃期延长,着火始点延后,燃烧持续期缩短,低负荷时变化更大。燃油消耗率随LPG含量增大先降低后增加,LPG含量过高或过低都会导致油耗率升高,在二甲醚中掺混30%LPG时油耗率最低,发动机经济性最佳。LPG对NO_X排放影响较为复杂,低负荷时,随LPG含量的增大,NO_X排放上升。中高负荷时,随LPG含量增大,NO_X排放先增大后减小。随着LPG含量增大,发动机HC排放略有升高,CO排放迅速增加,高负荷时CO排放增幅更大。该研究结果为LPG燃料在压燃式发动机上的应用及改善二甲醚发动机的燃油经济性提供了试验指导。     

单一ECM两用燃料系统开发和整车匹配研究

文章介绍了一种汽油/CNG两用燃料控制系统,该系统将燃气控制模块集成到了原车ECM中,利用该系统可以将电控汽油喷射汽车设计开发成汽油/CNG两用燃料汽车.通过优化匹配,可使该车在燃油CNG时排放达到国家第三阶段排放法规的要求,整车动力性、经济性均满足国家标准,而且匹配该系统的汽车在燃用汽油时,仍保持原车的技术指标水平.     

电控液化石油气单缸发动机试验研究

对188型单缸发动机燃用液化石油气(LPG)的性能进行了试验研究.改进设计了LPG供气系统和原机点火系统,标定了LPG喷射器的流量特性,分析了不同压缩比、点火角对发动机性能和排放的影响规律.借助设计的控制系统实现了发动机各个工况下喷气量和点火定时的控制,并通过试验对发动机燃用汽油和LPG两种情况下的性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,改进后的电控LPG单缸发动机经济性得到了提高,排放性也得到一定的改善.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。