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1.
Dynamics of high speed wheel/rail system and its modelling   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
With the fast increasing of train speed the interactions among the train,the track,and the power cate-nary system become very strong. Such interactions are also strongly coupled with the action of high speed airflow due to the high speed running. Hence,the existing research methods and numerical al-gorithms of railway vehicle/track systems are not fully available for characterizing the transient dy-namic and long-term behaviors of train/track at higher speed. The present paper reviews the existing studies on coupling dynamics of railway vehicle/track,and clarifies their advantages and disadvan-tages and then puts forward an innovation stratagem for high speed railway based on rolling contact of wheel/rail systems. In the innovation stratagem,a comprehensive dynamic model of wheels/rails sys-tems is developed to simultaneously consider the track system,the train,the rolling contact of wheel/rail,the catenary/pantograph system,and the high speed airflow with the train. The motion equations of the subsystems and their coupling boundaries are given and discussed. For the reliability and safety of the high speed train in service,the long-term behavior of the structures of the train and the track is considered in the comprehensive model. Moreover,a generalized failure model,consider-ing the structures and the materials and working in the comprehensive dynamic model of wheels/rails system,as well as the simulation system of structure failure of the high speed train/track is established. Consequently,the present studies on the dynamics of the coupled vehicle/track will be further and largely extended.  相似文献   

2.
The force model during needle insertion into soft tissue is important for accurate percutaneous intervention.In this paper,a force model for needle insertion into a tissue-equivalent material is presented and a series of experiments are conducted to acquire data from needle soft-tissue interaction process.In order to build a more accurate insertion force model,the interaction force between a surgical needle and soft tissue is divided into three parts:stiffness force,friction force,and cutting force.The stiffness force is modeled on the basis of contact mechanics model.The friction force model is presented using a modified Winkler's foundation model.The cutting force is viewed as a constant depending on a given tissue.The proposed models in the paper are established on the basis of the mechanical properties and geometric parameters of the needle and soft tissue.The experimental results illustrate that the force models are capable of predicting the needle-tissue interaction force.The force models of needle insertion can provide real-time haptic feedback for robot-assisted procedures,thereby improving the accuracy and safety of surgery.  相似文献   

3.
Galling is one of the most familiar failure forms for tubing and casing connections. It has been regarded as a key problem by metallurgy and petroleum systems all over the world. The theory of tribology and contact mechanics was used to analyze the contact force, plastic strain, and other parameters of API 10-round tubing connections in the process of makeup and breakout using the nonlinear finite element method. The stress states of the tubing thread connections were also analyzed for combined makeup and axial tensile loads. The results show that the main factors for tubing thread galling failure with thread grease are the normal contact force of the pin and box and the rigidity of the thread surface. The distribution of the contact force can be improved and the high contact force of the local thread can be reduced by optimizing the geometric parameters of the thread or using a small or varied pitch. The thread surface rigidity can be increased by improving the thread surface machining quality and by heat treatment. The chance of tubing thread galling failure can be reduced by designing hydraulic pressure tongs to avoid high speed and high torque makeup and by standardizing the operations of oilfield makeup and breakout.  相似文献   

4.
The term "softness" is loosely used to describe the physical as well as sensory attributes of fabric and other textiles, and several psychophysicai evaluation methods as well as its predicting equations exist. However, the information for physiological mechanism of fabric softness is lack. To explain the blomechauical and the potential neurophysiologicai phecnomenon for exploring fabric softness, accompanying to the procedures in manual exploration for softness and the anatomical multllayor structures of human finer, a contact finite dement (FE) model between finger and fabric is made to conduct an active contact analysis. In present FE model, the effect of surface friction index, compression modulus, Poisson's ratio of fabric on softness dlscrimination is Investigated. The interests are in the contributlons of these fabric property variables to contact area, Interracial friction shear stress and contact pressure distributions, which arc significant cognitive variables or stimulus parameters in peripheral neural levels. The mechanistic data for fabric specimens indicates that the basis for the perception of softness of flexible and bulk fabric is likely on the spatial variation of pressure on the skin (or, equivalently the skin displacement and its derivatives) resulting from surface friction phenomenon and compression property of fabric. In present model, however, the effect of Poisson's ratio on the total force exerted by fingertip is not significant statistically. Therefore, compression modulus of fabric is, not the only underlying physical variable accounting for peripheral neural response, and also the surface friction phenomenon plays an important role in feeltouch softness of fabric, i.e. the compressibility and surface properties of fabric arc the necessary physical variables involved for the haptic rendering of its softness.  相似文献   

5.
Moving vehicle loads, associated with roadway traffic can induce significant dynamic effects on the structural behaviours of bridges, especially for long-span bridges. The main objective of current research is to study traffic induced dynamic responses of long-span box-girder bridges. The finite element method has been employed in this study to obtain a three-dimensional mathematical model for the bridge system. For vehicle-bridge dynamic interaction analysis, the vehicle is modeled as a more realistic three-axle, six-wheel system, and the corresponding dynamic interaction equations have been derived. The bridge-vehicle interaction is affected by many factors. The current study has been focused on such factors as: vehicle speed, vehicle damping ratio, multiple traffic lanes, mass ratio of vehicle and bridge, and dynamic characteristics of bridge. Case studies have been conducted to investigate these factors by using several box girder bridge examples including Confederation Bridge, the longest box girder bridge in the world.  相似文献   

6.
A dynamical simulation method is presented to model the cornea deformation in surgery of laser thermokeratoplasty. The virtual cornea is constructed as a mass-spring system. The corneal surface tension is simulated by damping spring stretch between mass points on the cornea model. The aqueous humor in the eyeball is modeled as ideal gas, and the intraocular pressure is simulated by gas pressure. The coagulation force is exerted on each photocoagulation spot to demonstrate its collapse caused by the condensation of corneal soft tissue irradiated by laser. An extra viscous drag force is added to each mass point to weaken the mass point oscillation. The use of the effective time-corrected Verlet integral method brings about flowing and stable dynamic simulation procedures. The simulation results show that, comparing to the undeformed model, the curvature of the region between the optical center and photocoagulation spot increases obviously. Moreover, the shape of the deformed virtual cornea is much similar to that of the real cornea after surgery.  相似文献   

7.
A 1-μm in diameter polystyrene bead coated with lectin is trapped by optical tweezers whics is formed by a focused laser beam (740nm).A leucocyte adhered to the bottom of sample cell is chosen to close to the trapped bead.When their stable combination is confirmed,the leucocyte is displaced by moving the sample stage.A“tether”is then formed between the trapped bead and the membrane.The force acting on the tether is measured by a detector equipped on the optical tweezers system.The deformation of the membrane is diverse in different contact conditions.When the contact area is small,the tether is very thin and the force on it is 7.4pN(10^-12N),while the tether is much thicker under a larger contact area and its corresponding force is about 14pN.It is presumed that the latter is related to the deformation of cytoskeleton.  相似文献   

8.
The effect of high-frequency curved track vibrations in the vertical direction on the formation and development of rail corrugation was analyzed. Kalker‘s non-Hertzian rolling contact theory was modified and used to calculate the frictional work density on the contact area of the wheel and rail in rolling when a wheelset is steadily curving. The material loss unit area was assumed to be proportional to the frictional work density to determine the wear depth of the contact surface of the rail. The combined influences of the corrugation and the coupled dynamics of the railway vehicle and track were taken into consideration in the numerical simulation. For simplicity, the model considered one fourth of freight car without lateral motion,namely, a wheelset and the equivalent one fourth freight car body above it. The Euler beam was used to model the rails with the track structure under the rails replaced with equivalent springs, dumpers, and mass bodies. The numerical results show that the high-frequency track vibration causes formation of the initial corrugation on the smooth contact surface of the rail when a wheelset is steadily curving. The corrugation wave,length depends on the frequencies and the rolling speed of the wheelset. The vibration frequencies also affect the depth and increase the corrugation.  相似文献   

9.
By using an ensemble-averaged two-fluid model,with valid closure conditions of interfacial momentum exchange due to virtual mass force,viscous shear stress and drag force,a model for pressure wave propagation in a horizontal gas-liquid bubbly flow is proposed.According to the small perturbation theory and solvable condition of one-order linear uniform equations,a dispersion equation of pressure wave is induced.The pressure wave speed calculated from the model is compared and in good agreement with existing data.According to the dispersion equation,the propagation and attenuation of pressure wave are investigated systemically.The factors affecting pressure wave,such as void fraction,pressure,wall shear stress,perturbation frequency,virtual mass force and drag force,are analyzed.The result shows that the decrease in system pressure,the increase in void fraction and the existence of wall shear stress,will cause a decrease in pressure wave speed and an increase in the attenuation coefficient in the horizontal gas-liquid bubbly flow.The effects of perturbation frequency,virtual mass and drag force on pressure wave in the horizontal gas-liquid bubbly flow at low perturbation frequency are different from that at high perturbation frequency.  相似文献   

10.
In this paper based on the experiment principle of evaluating adhesion property by scratch testing, the peeling mechanism of thin films is discussed by applying contact theory and surface physics theory. A mathematical model predicting the critical load is proposed for calculating critical load as determined byscratch testing. The factors for correctly evaluating adhesion of coatings according to the experimental data arediscussed.  相似文献   

11.
以CRH380B型动车组为实例,结合实际中常见的抗蛇行减振器故障,基于车辆动力学理论,利用动力学仿真软件SIMPACK建立动力学模型,通过改变抗蛇行减振器阻尼特性来模拟不同故障类型,从而对车辆进行动力学研究.结果表明:当抗蛇行减振器故障后的剩余阻尼力在标准阻尼力50%以下时,对车体平稳性、稳定性、曲线通过性能均有很大影响.其中当抗蛇行减振器剩余阻尼力为标准力值的50%时,车体垂向和横向平稳性指标分别达到了1.85和2.20,脱轨系数达到了0.45,非线性临界速度降低到了271km/h.得出抗蛇行减振器的最佳阻尼特性:当卸荷速度为0.03m/s,卸荷力为8~9kN时,车辆各动力学性能达到相对最优状态.  相似文献   

12.
运用多刚体动力学理论对有轨电车与汽车在平交道口的碰撞进行仿真分析.研究结果表明有轨电车在平交道口受到汽车以20km·h-1的速度侧面撞击时,有轨电车的最大脱轨系数达到1.63,超过标准GB5599—1985中规定的第一限度(1.2),具有较大的脱轨风险.此外,撞击后有轨电车的动态响应以及脱轨风险在很大程度上受到碰撞边界条件的影响.当汽车撞击有轨电车前后两端头车时,被撞击车辆承受的横向碰撞力仅能通过一侧的车间铰接结构向其他车辆进行传递,导致有轨电车脱轨系数较高.随着汽车质量和撞击速度的增加,碰撞力显著增加,有轨电车的脱轨系数也逐渐加大.当有轨电车撞击点与车体质心间距的逐渐加大,被撞击车辆除了承受剧烈的横向冲击还产生一定的摇头运动,加剧有轨电车碰撞后脱轨的风险.轮轨摩擦系数由于雨雪等天气因素降低时,一方面车辆所需要的制动距离明显增加,更容易造成碰撞事故的发生;另一方面钢轨对于车轮运动的抑制作用减弱,加大了有轨电车脱轨的风险.  相似文献   

13.
提速线路轻型墩桥梁横向振幅过大严重影响过往列车的安全,通过对轻型墩铁路桥的现场振动测试,得到了桥墩的横向振动特性,给出了列车过桥时轮轨作用力的典型时程曲线和列车的脱轨系数及轮重减载率,为进一步研究轻型桥墩的横向振动机理提供了实测数据.  相似文献   

14.
机车车辆轮轨接触问题的数值模拟   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
按照机车、车辆车轮与标准轨道的实际几何关系建立了三维有限元模型,并采用有限元参数二次规划法求解轮轨弹塑性接触问题.通过弹塑性接触计算,得到了大量的轮轨接触力、接触状态和轮轨应力的数据,根据计算结果分析比较了机车轮轨接触和车辆轮轨接触的区别,对轮缘贴靠钢轨形成两点接触时的接触情况进行了初步分析.  相似文献   

15.
为了研究地铁车辆不同位置二系横向减振器失效对地铁车辆动力学性能影响,建立了横向减振器力元模型和地铁车辆非线性动力学模型,分别计算并比较了地铁车辆二系横向减振器正常状态、前转向架横向减振器失效、后转向架横向减振器失效、整车横向减振器失效这四种状态下地铁车辆的临界速度、脱轨系数、轮重减载率和平稳性指标。结果表明:不同位置横向减振器失效均会使地铁车辆的临界速度有所降低;均会使地铁车辆的脱轨系数和轮重减载率略微增大,但影响非常小;横向减振器失效对垂向平稳性指标影响不明显,但会使横向平稳性指标显著增加;并且前、后转向架横向减振器分别失效时地铁车辆动力学性能没有显著差异。  相似文献   

16.
针对机车通过固定辙叉时的动力学性能进行研究,基于铁路车辆系统动力学理论,采用75 kg/m钢轨12号道岔固定辙叉和JM3标准车轮型面,应用SIMPACK软件建立机车-固定辙叉系统动力学模型。分析机车在不同速度、从不同方向通过固定辙叉时的动力学性能。结果表明:机车通过固定辙叉时,垂向力,磨耗数的速度敏感区主要在70~80 (km·h-1)间。脱轨系数的速度敏感区主要在90~100 (km·h-1)间。提高速度会降低机车运行稳定性,增大脱轨风险,加重轮轨磨耗。在相同速度下,机车逆向过叉时的运行平稳性较差,脱轨风险较大,轮轨磨耗较严重。  相似文献   

17.
基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,建立了路轨两用消防车在轨道上行驶的车辆-轨道耦合横向模型,并与传统轨道车辆横向模型进行比较,通过实车试验验证了车辆-轨道耦合横向模型的正确性.在此基础上,建立了多目标优化模型,并采用统一目标函数法对轨道行驶系统的悬架参数进行优化.结果表明,该优化设计方法使车身横向加速度均方根值减小了22.22%,轮轨横向作用力均方根值减小了18.63%,提高了车辆横向平稳性,降低了轮轨横向动作用.  相似文献   

18.
建立了橡胶轮低地板拖车转向架车辆动态曲线通过分析模型并确定了有关的动力学参数.计算分析了以60 km/h的最高速度和20 km/h的实用速度分别通过半径为350 m和50 m的无超高曲线时的动力学特性.结果表明:承重轮胎侧偏力和导轮导向力均处于正常水平且轮重减载率很小,从动力学方面证实了现行的橡胶轮低地板拖车转向架设计方案应用于市区地面的可行性.  相似文献   

19.
基于电磁作用增加轮轨黏着力的仿真研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对列车牵引和制动时黏着力不足的问题,基于电磁作用原理提出一种安装在转向架上的新型电磁增黏装置。围绕高速旋转车轮,设置电磁线圈,建立电磁增黏装置基本结构模型,在车轮与钢轨之间形成电磁场,分析轮轨之间电磁作用力随列车速度的变化规律,以及电磁吸力对轮轨黏着力的影响。通过调整线圈高度和厚度比例及围绕车轮上下空间的布置,强化轮轨接触附近的磁场强度和磁力线分布,设计电磁增黏装置导磁外壳形式和气隙控制磁路的导向及作用范围,同时考虑车辆限界及安装条件,优化性能和结构参数。仿真结果表明,电磁增黏装置可以明显提高各个速度阶段轮轨之间垂向压力,增加轮轨黏着力;同时,通过调节两侧车轮压力,可提高列车运行平稳性。  相似文献   

20.
基于车辆 轨道耦合动力学理论,建立了路轨两用消防车在轨道上行驶的车辆 轨道耦合模型,并与传统轨道车辆模型进行比较,通过实车试验验证了车辆 轨道耦合模型的正确性. 在此基础上,采用统一目标函数法对车辆悬架参数进行优化. 仿真结果表明,该优化设计方法使得车身加速度均方根值减小了626%,次级悬架动行程均方根值减小了542%,轮轨力均方根值减小了681%,提高了车辆平稳性,降低了悬架行程,削弱了轮轨间动作用力.  相似文献   

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