台阶开孔式缓冲结构对隧道气动效应分析

随着列车速度的不断提升,列车由明线驶入隧道所引发的微气压波问题变得日益突出,有关研究表明：组合型式缓冲结构较单一型式缓冲结构能更好的缓解微气压波的影响,为了进一步减缓微气压波对隧道周边环境的影响,本文提出了台阶开孔式组合型缓冲结构。基于 两方程紊流模型,运用数值模拟的方法,从开孔距离、开孔率、开孔数量、开孔位置四个方面进行研究,对列车驶入隧道所引起的初始压缩波压力和压力梯度值进行具体分析,得出优化设计参数。台阶开孔式缓冲结构对初始压缩波压力最大值的影响较小,最大压力值差值保持在10Pa内,但对初始压缩波压力梯度值影响较大。当开孔距离为4m、开孔率α为36％、开孔数量为2孔、开孔位置为顶部开孔时,为最优工况,对压力梯度的减缓效果达到了60.14％。     

联通式内缓冲结构对隧道气动效应减缓效果

本文为解决地形受限而无法在隧道入口处设置缓冲结构的隧道气动效应问题,提出了一种新型的联通式内缓冲结构,基于三维、可压缩、非定常Navier-Stokes方程,采用 两方程湍流模型,通过滑移网格技术,对列车高速驶入隧道所引起的压力波动进行了计算。通过将不同缓冲结构形式对隧道气动效应的减缓效果进行对比,选定出了此缓冲结构的最优形式。研究结果表明：在隧道内部设置联通式内缓冲结构对于初始压缩波压力最大值 的降低效果并不显著,但可以大幅降低压力梯度最大值 。联通式内缓冲结构开口数量n、距隧道入口距离 、开口通道长度 、横向通道与轴向通道的水力直径之比 以及横向通道长度 等参数都会对隧道气动效应的减缓效果有一定程度的影响。当联通式内缓冲结构开口数量n为3,距隧道入口距离 为20 m,开口通道长度 为10 m,横向通道与轴向通道的水力直径之比 为1:1,横向通道长度 为2 m时,对隧道气动效应的缓冲效果最佳,可达37.68%。故设置联通式缓冲结构在一定程度上可以有效减缓隧道气动效应。     

交叉开口型缓冲结构对隧道微压波的作用分析

针对高速铁路隧道空气动力学问题,现阶段研究的重点是找到更为有效减缓微压波的途径。采用数值分析中的动网格技术,对高速列车突进设置有非交叉开口型与交叉开口型缓冲结构的隧道进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:开口在减缓气动效应的作用上,会相互影响;修建适当的交叉开口型缓冲结构可以更有效地降低压力梯度峰值,在工程不变的情况下,降低率最大可达到8%;通过数值模拟对比分析,给出了两开口缓冲结构的最佳修建形式,并为交叉开口型缓冲结构的深入研究奠定了基础。     

基于特征线法的车隧压缩波演化数值分析

为研究压缩波沿隧道传播演化的影响规律,采用考虑压缩波惯性效应和壁面摩擦效应的一维特征线法,建立了压缩波沿隧道传播演化的数值模型,通过一维平面波方程与实车测试两种方法共同验证了该模型的准确性。针对波前形状、车身波等、压力幅值关键因素,研究了初始压缩波沿隧道传播时,最大压力梯度的变化规律。在此基础上,进一步探讨分析了摩擦与气室阵列共同作用对压缩波波前演化的影响以及壁面摩擦的作用机理。结果表明：初始压缩波波形相同时,压缩波最大压力梯度随波前幅值的增大而增大;不同波形的初始压缩波沿隧道的演化规律不完全相同,但列车车身进入隧道所产生的车身波并不会影响压缩波波前的最大压力梯度;考虑壁面摩擦后,气室阵列对压缩波最大压力梯度的缓解效果有了进一步提高,壁面摩擦越大,缓解效果越显著。     

帽檐斜切式洞门斜率对隧道气动性能的影响

基于三维、可压缩、非定常N-S方程和k-ε双方程湍流模型,对不同斜切斜率帽檐斜切式洞门下的隧道空气动力效应进行数值模拟,得到高速列车过隧道时车体表面、隧道壁面监测点的瞬变压力及隧道出口微气压波.研究结果表明:帽檐斜切式隧道洞门的斜切斜率对车体表面和隧道壁面监测点的瞬变压力变化基本无影响,最大相差在5％左右;随着斜切斜率的减小,初始压缩波由零点上升到峰值所用时问减缓,压力梯度最大值减小;斜切斜率从1∶1降至1∶2时, 隧道出口20 m处微气压波幅值由66 Pa降至54 Pa,降幅达18.2％,可见减小洞门结构的斜切斜率,可改善隧道口微气压波.数值计算结果与动模型试验结果吻合较好,仅幅值略有差异,最大相差在5％以下.     

缓冲结构对隧道口微气压波的影响

为有效缓解微气压波对隧道周围环境的影响,设置合理的缓冲结构,采用数值模拟计算和动模型模拟实验相结合的方法,对列车通过隧道引发的压力变化、微气压波和不同形式的缓冲结构进行研究.研究结果表明:对任一类型缓冲结构,其结构长度和入口断面积之间均存在固定的最佳匹配关系,即对断面扩大无开口型缓冲结构,当缓冲结构长度分别为1.0D,2.0D和3.0D(D为隧道等效直径)时,对应的最佳入口断面积分别为1.8S,1.9S和1.8S(S为隧道断面面积),微气压波幅值分别减小46.7%,55.3%和52.8%;对线性喇叭型缓冲结构,当缓冲结构长度分别为1.5D,2.0D和3.0D时,对应的最佳入口断面积分别为2.5S,2.4S和2.7S,微气压波幅值分别减小59.4%,64.2%和71.6%.     

隧道结构对高速列车穿行过程气动特性的影响

以CRH2型高速列车穿行隧道过程的气动特性为研究对象,建立了列车模型及具有不同缓冲结构、不同阻塞比的隧道计算模型,并与相同工况下的模型实验进行对比,验证了仿真模型的可行性.以kε-湍流模型为基础,对高速列车以不同速度进入具有不同缓冲结构、不同阻塞比的隧道时的外流场进行了仿真模拟.分析了列车在进入隧道时压缩波的产生机理,得到了列车表面风口在车体进入隧道过程中的压力波动情况.仿真结果表明:隧道缓冲结构的缓冲性能按抛物线型、线性、不连续性的顺序依次减小;压力值随阻塞比增大而线性减小.由此提出了减小列车进入隧道时表面压力波动的方法.     

基于正交试验的隧道洞口缓冲结构参数优化

为了优化高速铁路隧道洞口缓冲结构参数,基于正交试验,利用FLUENT中三维、可压缩、粘性、湍流模型完成了4因素4水平共16种组合工况的数值模拟.试验中着重考察了各因素、水平组合对压力梯度降低率的影响.研究结果表明:正交试验能有效减少试验次数且不降低试验精度;各因素对组合式缓冲结构缓冲效果影响的主次顺序依次为开口尾部距隧道洞口距离、开口率、开口距缓冲结构入口距离、扩大断面与隧道断面积之比;在试验范围内给出了各影响因素的最优组合参数.     

基于实车试验的高速列车隧道压力波影响因素

搭建列车空气动力学在线实车高精测试平台,对列车通过隧道及隧道交会工况下的压力波特性进行实车测试;探究运行速度、隧道长度、阻塞比、编组长度、交会位置等因素对隧道压力波的影响规律;根据隧道内压缩波、膨胀波在隧道内传播、反射、叠加的原理,推导出隧道通过及隧道交会工况下,最不利单线隧道长度、最不利双线隧道长度、最不利交会位置、最不利编组长度等计算公式。研究结果表明:车体表面压力变化幅值与列车速度的平方成正比;车内压力幅值与列车速度的n次方成正比,n的范围为1.3~1.8,n随着隧道长度的变化而变化;研究结果可为高速列车在隧道内运行时的安全性指标提供了压力波评判依据。     

高速铁路并联隧道横通道对隧道内压力变化的影响

给出了高速列车穿越横通道高速铁路并联隧道时压力变化的三维非定常黏性流场数值模拟过程,研究了两条并联隧道横通道的面积变化、位置变化和斜交方式对并联隧道及横通道内压力变化的影响规律.计算结果表明:并联隧道横通道的存在,使得隧道内压力变化的最大值降低,隧道横通道断面积越大,则最大压力梯度的降低率越小,当横通道的断面积与隧道断面积之比为0.3左右时,其降低隧道中测点的最大压力及压力梯度的效果最好;横通道对隧道的降压效果与隧道交叉方式有关,横通道与隧道的斜交方式为正交,且正交角度控制在60°左右时,横通道对隧道内的降压效果比较好.对比分析表明,当并联隧道内的横通道、竖井及避洞在隧道内的位置、断面积、长度及与隧道的斜交角度相同时,竖井的降压效果最好,横通道次之,避洞的降压效果最差.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.