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1.
通过聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)胶晶模板法制备尖晶石型LiMn2O4材料,并探讨焙烧温度对材料性能的影响.运用热重分析(TG)、X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、充放电测试和循环伏安测试等方法对LiMn2O4样品的结构、形貌以及电化学性能进行表征和测试.研究结果表明:在不同温度下制备的LiMn2O4样品均具有较好的尖晶石型结构,且粒径分布均匀:在700℃时制备的LiMn2O4样品(S-700)具有最佳的电化学性能,在3.0~4.4 V时,0.2C倍率首次放电比容量为130.9 mA·h/g; 0.5C倍率首次放电比容量为126.4 mA·h/g,50次循环之后容量仍有102.7 mA·h/g,具有良好的循环稳定性.  相似文献   

2.
LiMn2O4由于电压高、价格便宜、对环境基本无污染而成为最有希望的备选正极材料之一.大量实验研究表明,制备方法和制备条件的不同会在很大程度上影响LiMn2O4材料的性能.以Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O和Na2S2O8为原料,采用低温水热法制得纳米晶前驱体β-MnO2粉末,然后将前驱体β-MnO2粉末与LiOH.H2O混合后煅烧即可制得纳米晶LiMn2O4.结果表明,LiMn2O4粉末晶化程度高,粒度分布较窄,平均粒径约在250nm,用所得的粉末样品进行电化学性能侧试,其首次放电比容量可达130.5,mA.h/g,循环性能也较好.  相似文献   

3.
采用乙二胺四乙酸-柠檬酸(EDTA-CA)络合法,以硝酸锂、硝酸锰为原料制备了正尖晶石型LiMn2O4超细粉末晶体,采用FTIR、TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、TEM和BET等手段对LiMn2O4的前驱体及LiMn2O4粉末进行了表征.结果表明:当Li/Mn摩尔比为0.6、(Mn Li)/(EDTA CA)摩尔比为0.5时,在600℃下煅烧4 h,制备出的LiMn2O4粉末为正尖晶石型,其BET比表面积为7.994 8m2/g,粒径小至40 nm,有轻微团聚.LiMn2O4脱嵌后对Li 的最大吸附容量达5.3mmol/g.  相似文献   

4.
采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了锂锰尖晶石正极材料LiMn2-2xCoxCrxO3.95F0.05(x=0.05、0.1),并用沉淀法在其表面包覆2%的TiO2.XRD和ESEM分析表明掺杂样品以及掺杂之后再包覆TiO2的样品依然保持尖晶石结构,样品颗粒大小分布都较均匀.电化学性能测试显示LiMn2O4的首次放电容量为124.4 mA.h/g,50次循环后容量损失43.2%,而多元掺杂样品LiMn1.9Co0.05Cr0.05O3.95F0.05和LiMn1.8Co0.1Cr0.1O3.95F0.05的初始放电容量分别为114.7和103.4 mA.h/g,100次循环后容量损失为9.7%和4.1%.LiMn1.9Co0.05Cr0.05O3.95F0.05包覆2%TiO2和LiMn1.8Co0.1Cr0.1O3.95F0.05包覆2%TiO2样品的初始放电容量为109.3和96.6 mA.h/g,100次循环后容量损失为5.0%和3.5%,经过改性后材料的循环性能得到改善.  相似文献   

5.
以九水合硝酸铁(Fe(NO3)3·9H2O)和二水合磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4·2H2O)为原料,采用反加沉淀法制备FePO4·2H2O前驱体。将FePO4·2H2O,Li2CO3和葡萄糖混合均匀后经高温固相烧结得到LiFePO4/C锂离子正极材料。考察前驱体反应温度、溶液的pH和滴加速度对FePO4·2H2O颗粒形貌、粒径以及LiFePO4的电化学性能的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和激光粒度分析仪(LPSA)对样品的形貌和粒径进行表征。实验结果表明:FePO4·2H2O颗粒的粒径和分散性影响LiFePO4/C锂离子正极材料的电化学性能,粒径较小且均匀分散的前驱体制得的LiFePO4的电化学性能较好。优化条件下制得的前驱体颗粒为片状,平均粒径为1.08μm。相应的LiFePO4在0.1C充放电倍率下的首轮充电容量为159.3 mA·h/g,放电容量为159.0 mA·h/g,首次充放电效率为99.8%。材料表现出良好的循环倍率性能和结构稳定性。  相似文献   

6.
LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料的制备及其表征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用机械球磨对前驱体进行活化处理.在940℃于空气气氛中烧结12 h制备层状结构LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料.通过XRD,SEM和电化学性能测试对所制备材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能进行表征.结果表明,所合成的材料为单相的六方层状结构;产物一次粒子粒径均匀,为1~2 μm,二次团聚颗粒平均粒径为10 μm左右;在2.75~4.3 V电压区间,所制备的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2以0.2C(C为充放电倍率)进行恒电流充放电,首次放电容量达146.3 mA·h·g-1;在倍率为0.4C,0.8C,1.6C和2.0C时的放电容量分别为135.2,130.1,125.8和114.7mA·h·g-1,倍率放电性能优良;在倍率为0.2C时经过30次循环,材料放电容量和容量保持率分别为143.3 mA·h·g-1和98%,循环稳定性好.  相似文献   

7.
以乙二醇为溶剂,尿素为添加剂,采用溶剂热法制备锂离子电池正极材料磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)。采用XRD,BET,SEM和TEM等对产物的结构和形貌进行表征,运用恒流充放电测试对LiFePO4/C复合材料的电化学性能进行研究。研究结果表明:花状分级结构的LiFePO4由单晶纳米片组成,且具有开放多孔的特性,其单分散性良好,粒径约为8μm,振实密度达1.2g/cm3。LiFePO4/C样品的首次放电比容量达152.4mA·h/g;在0.2C,1C和2C倍率下比容量分别为134.3,118.5和103.7mA·h/g;当放电倍率为2C时,经过5个循环后,容量保持在100.1mA·h/g,容量保持率为96.7%。  相似文献   

8.
采用改进共沉淀法制备LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料,该法与传统共沉淀法相比,在共沉淀的过程中增加络合剂(NH3.H2O)和分散剂(PEG)。对比研究2种方法制得的产品的形貌和性能。研究结果表明:采用改进共沉淀法制备得到的Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2前躯体呈球形二次颗粒,粒径为2μm左右,是由球形和片状的一次颗粒组装而成;其与LiOH充分研磨煅烧制得的正极材料LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2,振实密度达到2.78 g/cm3,在0.2C倍率和2.80~4.25 V的电压范围内,首次充、放电比容量分别为185.2和158.3 mA·h/g,30次循环后放电比容量为142.8mA·h/g,容量保持率高达90.2%,电化学性能得到很大的改善。  相似文献   

9.
以廉价的Fe3 为铁源,通过溶胶和碳热还原两步法制备出锂离子正极材料LiFePO4,用XRD、SEM、交流阻抗和恒流充放电方法表征了材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能.结果表明,合成的材料具有橄榄石型晶体结构;碳可以抑制材料颗粒的团聚,降低电极反应阻抗;在0.1 C的放电倍率下,LiFePO4首次放电容量为103.3 mA·h/g,LiFePO4/C在放电倍率0.1 C、0.2 C和0.5 C下的首次放电容量分别为147.9 mA·h/g、133.3 mA·h/g和122.1 mA·h/g, 20次循环后容量衰减率分别为3.0 %、2.7%和2.4%.  相似文献   

10.
高密度LiMn0.4 Ni0.4 Co0.2 O2正极材料的合成与研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用一种改进的氢氧化物共沉淀法制备了粒径均一、近球形的Mn0.4Ni0.4Co0·2(OH)2,再通过高温固相合成法制备了高密度的LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0·2O2正极材料。结果表明,在沉淀体系中加入F-,可以在较为宽松的条件下制备出振实密度为2·3g·cm-3的LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0·2O2正极材料。对产物进行了XRD、SEM和充放电测试。SEM测试结果表明,产物具有良好的形貌;XRD测试表明,产物具有良好的层状结构,无杂质相存在。在充放电电压区间为3·0~4·4V,电流密度为30mA·g-1时,首次充电和放电容量分别为185和164mAh·g-1,经过50次循环,放电容量仍能保持90%。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

14.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

15.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

16.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

17.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

18.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

19.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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