椰壳炭制备高表面活性炭活化方法比较

以海南产椰壳炭和越南产椰壳炭为原料,探讨多种活化对活性炭结构的影响,９００℃下气相氧化,铁催化氧化均得到比表面高于２２００ｍ＾２／ｇ的活性炭,磷酸钾催化氧化帛 的活性炭,微孔罗少,比表面达２３００ｍ＾２／ｇ,越南椰壳炭的炭化程度低,ＫＯＨ值接活同孔较少中孔较多,比表面较低,用ＫＯＨ活化海南灰,得到微孔发达的活性 孔较多,但经过进一步炭化以后再用ＫＯＨ活化,比表面积可以提高,ＫＯＨ活化的收率高于气相     

椰壳渣制备高比表面积活性炭

通过正交实验和单因素实验探讨了以椰壳渣为原料、KOH为活化剂制备高比表面积活性炭的最佳工艺条件.考查了炭化温度、活化温度、活化时间、活化剂料比等因素对实验结果的影响.在炭化温度为600℃、碱炭质量比为2∶1、活化温度为900℃、活化时间为90 m in条件下,制备出以微孔为主、比表面积达2 180 m2.g-1、总孔容为1.19 mL.g-1的高比表面积活性炭.     

糠醛渣活性炭的微波制备研究

利用微波辐照法加热糠醛渣炭化料、CO2活化制备糠醛渣活性炭.实验考察了微波功率(160~800 W)对活性炭结构与脱硫性能的影响.用XRD分析了不同功率下制备的活性炭微晶结构差别;Quantachrome NOVA Automated Gas Sorption System仪器研究了它们的孔结构变化;用联碱中和法测定了各活性表面官能团含量.结果表明,微波辐照加热对炭的微晶结构破坏主要发生在微晶尺寸La上,La随微波辐照功率变大而减小,石墨乱层结构无序度增加;640 W时得到的活性孔结构最发达;活性炭表面呈碱性,表面酸官能团部分分解,特别是羧酸官能团几乎分解完全,仅剩0.0345 mmol.g-1.     

沥青氧化纤维制备活性炭纤维过程中孔隙结构的变化

以通用级沥青氧化纤维为原料经水蒸气活化制得沥青基活性炭纤维(PACF), 讨论了工艺参数对PACF的比表面积、孔结构(孔容、孔径大小及分布)的影响. 结果表明, PACF的比表面积随着活化温度的提高(850～950 ℃)而增加, 同时, 孔径变大, 孔径分布变宽;在相同最终活化温度下(900 ℃), PACF的孔径及其分布随着水蒸气通入温度的不同而发生变化.     

沥青氧化纤维制备活性炭纤维过程中孔隙结构的变化

以通用级沥青氧化纤维为原料经水蒸气活化制得沥青基活性炭纤维(PACF),讨论了工艺参数对PACF的比表面积、孔结构(孔容、孔径大小及分布)的影响。结果表明,PACF的比表面积随着活化温度的提高(850～950℃)而增加,同时,孔径变大,孔径分布变宽;在相同最终活化温度下(900℃),PACF的孔径及其分布随着水蒸气通入温度的不同而发生变化。     

不同热解温度下褐煤焦样物相及其微结构变化

热解是褐煤改性提质的重要手段,为研究不同热解温度制取褐煤焦的物相和微结构变化,采集沈北矿区蒲河煤矿褐煤煤样,选取低中高(400,700,1 000℃)3个热解特征温度制取褐煤焦样,通过SEM、XRD、Raman、FT-IR、XPS、低温N₂吸附实验,对褐煤焦样的物化结构进行分析。结果表明：热解温度提高,焦样芳香性增强,含氧官能团O—H、C=O、C—O大幅减少,表面含碳官能团,C—C结构增加,C—H结构减少;400℃和700℃焦样微晶结构缺陷增加,1 000℃焦样微晶结构趋于有序并向石墨化转变;焦样比表面积和孔容积随热解温度提高先增大后减小,700℃焦样拥有最大的比表面积(117.063 7 m²/g)和孔容积(0.068 134 cm³/g),提高热解温度有利于焦样微孔结构发育。     

应用模板法从煤沥青制备中孔活性炭

以煤沥青为原料,应用纳米二氧化硅模板法制备中孔活性炭,并考察焦模比、碱碳比以及活化温度对活性炭孔结构和收率的影响.结果表明,所得活性炭试样孔径分布最大值与模板剂孔径尺寸相吻合.在焦模比为2∶1、碱碳比为4.5∶1、活化温度为850 ℃时,所制活性炭总比表面积为1 729 m2/g,其中中孔比表面积为1 702 m2/g,占总比表面积的98.43%.     

KOH活化石油焦制备工艺对活性炭吸附性能的影响

以固-固混合方式,用KOH活化石油焦制备了高比表面积活性炭,研究了活化温度、碱炭比、原料粒度、活化时间、预处理温度及氮气流速等因素对活性炭的碘值和亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响,并用液氮吸附法分析了高比表面积活性炭的孔隙结构.结果表明:活化温度、碱炭比、原料粒度、活化时间,以及中间处理温度和氮气流速对活性炭的碘值和亚甲基蓝吸附值均有明显的影响;在一定的条件下,可制备出比表面积大于3000m2/g、比孔容积达1.80cm3/g、碘吸附值为2714mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为510mg/g的活性炭.活性炭的吸附特性可以通过石油焦原料的改性和各种工艺条件的优化进行调控.     

煤基活性炭的孔隙结构及氧化动力学特性

在活性炭自燃及氧化燃烧动力学的理论基础上,通过对4种不同生产阶段的煤基活性炭进行氮吸附实验、SEM实验和热重实验,研究了活性炭生产阶段孔隙结构的变化情况,并运用热重分析方法对活性炭从30℃到800℃之间的氧化燃烧过程进行分析。结果表明:在煤基活性炭由压块料到活化料生产过程中,样品中挥发分与水分的含量呈逐渐降低趋势,氢元素与氧元素含量大量减少,说明活性炭中的活性小分子逐渐减少;活化料活性炭的孔隙结构最发达,比表面积最大,与氧气反应的速率最快,氧化燃烧性质与其它3种活性炭有显著不同; 4种活性炭样品起始失重温度和着火点温度均是先升高后降低,炭化料总放热量最大,压块料和活化料居中,炭化粉料最小,说明生产过程中炭化工艺惰化了活性炭的氧化性能,而活化工艺又使得活性炭氧化性能提高,其自燃危险性由高到低排序为活化料、压块料、炭化料、炭化粉料活性炭。     

稻壳质介孔炭的制备与成孔机制

以稻壳为原料、KOH为活化剂,采用炭化和活化两步法制备了介孔炭。采用比表面积测定仪测定介孔炭的N2吸附脱附等温线,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、小角X射线衍射分析仪(SAXRD)表征介孔炭形成过程中的物相变化与显微结构,由同步热分析质谱联用仪(TG-MS)分析生成的气体成分并推测成孔机制。结果表明:稻壳在420℃下炭化4 h,再将KOH与炭化稻壳按质量比3∶1混合均匀后,在750℃下活化1h,所制备的活性炭平均孔径为2.3 nm,最可几孔径4.5 nm,比表面积高达2175 m2/g,介孔率达到78.57%;同时,炭化稻壳在KOH的活化过程中生成的气体成分含有CO、CO2和H2O,炭化稻壳中SiO2与KOH的高温分解物K2O反应生成K2Si4O9。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.