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1.
超临界水氧化油田含油污泥无害化处理研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
实验研究了以超临界水氧化法(SCWO)处理油田含油污泥实现含油污泥无害化处理.考察了反应温度、反应压力、停留时间、pH值等条件对含油污泥COD去除率的影响.实验结果表明:一氧化碳和醋酸是中间产物,二氧化碳是最终产物.当反应温度为440℃、反应压力为24MPa、反应停留时间为10min、pH为10时,含油污泥中的COD去除率可达到98%以上.反应停留时间和反应温度是影响含油污泥中COD去除率的主要因素.随着反应停留时间和反应温度的增加,含油污泥COD去除率增加;反应压力和氧化剂质量浓度对含油污泥COD去除率也很重要,但当反应压力和氧化剂浓度达到一定值时,对含油污泥COD去除影响不大.  相似文献   

2.
超临界水氧化技术是处理高浓度难降解有机废水领域的一种高效、环境友好型的处理技术。利用超临界水氧化法处理钛硅(HTS)分子筛生产废水,主要考察了反应温度和停留时间对超临界水氧化处理钛硅(HTS)分子筛生产废水过程中COD去除率和氨氮去除率的影响,并在实验数据的基础上对COD转化率的反应动力学方程进行研究。实验结果表明,在23MPa和氧气过量的条件下,反应温度为793 K和停留时间120 s条件下,COD转化率和氨氮去除率分别可以达到99.96%和99.37%,处理出水能够达到排放标准。动力学研究结果表明,反应温度763~793 K范围内该反应为一级反应,活化能为34.67 k J·mol-1,指前因子为12.41。  相似文献   

3.
采用超临界水氧化技术处理炸药生产废水,探讨了超临界水氧化降解炸药废水的规律。结果表明:反应温度是影响炸药废水COD去除率的主要因素,在超临界条件下,COD的去除率随着温度的升高而增加。在反应温度为550℃、压力24MPa、反应停留时间为120s的条件下,COD去除率可以达到99.98%以上。  相似文献   

4.
采用超临界水氧化技术处理炸药生产废水,探讨了超临界水氧化降解炸药废水的规律。结果表明:反应温度是影响炸药废水COD去除率的主要因素,在超临界条件下,COD的去除率随着温度的升高而增加。在反应温度为550℃、压力24MPa、反应停留时间为120s的条件下,COD去除率可以达到99.98%以上。  相似文献   

5.
为更好地处理难降解的高浓度有机废水,研究了在间歇式超临界水反应装置内,超临界水氧化技术处理吐氏酸生产废水的最佳条件及其处理效果.通过单因素试验和正交试验,系统地研究了不同条件下废水COD和色度的去除率.当温度为380℃、压力为24 MPa、时间为150 s以及过氧比为1.8倍时,COD去除率可达96.7%,色度去除率可达97.5%,且反应后废水的可生化性有极大改善.  相似文献   

6.
超临界水氧化法处理含染料废水的工艺研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
探讨了超临界水氧化处理水中活性染料雅格素藏青-R-150%的工艺条件方法,考察了反应温度、压力、停留时间、初始浓度、氧化剂用量、pH值等工艺参数对水中雅格素藏青-R-150%去除率的影响.实验结果表明,超临界水中的氧化反应能有效去除水中的TOC,反应温度、反应时间、初始浓度、pH值是重要的影响因素.在380℃,25 MPa,停留时间3.2 m in,pH为7的条件下处理活性染料雅格素藏青-R-150%时,其COD去除率可达98.06%.  相似文献   

7.
采用连续流超临界水氧化技术处理毒死蜱生产废水,研究了反应温度、压力、停留时间及过氧量4个因素对处理毒死蜱生产废水效果的影响。结果表明:温度、压力、停留时间和过氧倍数均对超临界水氧化的污染物转化进程产生影响,其中温度对有机氮的转化影响最为显著,温度大于450℃,有机氮转化完全,COD、TN的去除率分别大于99%和90%,而氨氮转化去除的反应条件较为苛刻,与同步脱氮技术相结合,可实现COD、氨氮等污染物的高效去除和达标排放。  相似文献   

8.
采用连续流超临界水氧化技术处理毒死蜱生产废水,研究了反应温度、压力、停留时间及过氧量四个因素对处理毒死蜱生产废水效果的影响,结果表明:温度、压力、停留时间和过氧倍数均对超临界水氧化的污染物转化进程产生影响,其中温度对有机氮的转化影响最为显著,温度大于450℃,有机氮转化完全,COD、TN的去除率分别大于99%和90%,而氨氮转化去除的反应条件较为苛刻,与同步脱氮技术相结合,可实现COD、氨氮等污染物的高效去除和达标排放。  相似文献   

9.
污泥的超临界水氧化动力学研究   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16  
在间歇式反应器中研究了城市污泥的超临界水氧化反应,反应温度为400~450℃、压力为24~28MPa、反应时间为40~515s.结果表明:污泥的有机物去除率可达99 9%以上;在420℃、反应时间为155s时,污泥氧化后残余固体物的体积仅为脱水污泥的4%,反应后剩余收集液的COD小于10mg·L-1.以幂函数方程描述了氧化剂过量时污泥超临界水氧化的反应动力学规律,污泥和氧化剂的反应级数分别为1和0;速率常数与温度的关系符合Arrhenius公式,随反应时间增加、温度升高,有机物的去除率显著增加;速率常数随压力升高而增加,但速率常数的增幅随压力的升高而减小,反应活化体积不是常数.在24MPa时,反应活化能和频率因子分别为(39 11±2 216)kJ·mol-1和(45 2±17 2)s-1,模型计算值与实验值的误差在±8%以内.  相似文献   

10.
超临界水氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对垃圾渗滤液传统处理方法工艺复杂、效果欠佳的缺点,采用间歇式超临界水氧化反应装置,对西安市某垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液进行氧化降解试验研究.分析了压力、温度、停留时间及过氧量等影响氧化降解效果的4个主要因素.结果表明,压力、温度、停留时间及过氧量的增加能显著提高垃圾渗滤液中CODcr及NH3-N的去除率;在压力为26 MPa、温度为420℃、停留时间为10 min、过氧量为2.0的条件下,该水样的CODcr去除率最高可达98.43%,NH3-N去除率最高可达96.61%.  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

14.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

15.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

16.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

17.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

18.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

19.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

20.
The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-  相似文献   

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