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1.
蛋白质的活性及生物功能与其二级、三级和四级结构有重要联系,而这些结构主要是以氢键、疏水键等弱相互作用所维系.由于这些弱相互作用易受外界因素的影响,使蛋白质分子发生构象变化,从原来的折叠态变为去折叠态.这一变化使得蛋白质分子失去生物功能,称为蛋白质的变性.能够使蛋白质变性的化学物质被称为变性剂,尿素和盐酸胍是常见的蛋白质变性剂.  相似文献   

2.
尿素诱导的蛋白质变性现象的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过对典型蛋白质变性实验结果的分析,发现在蛋白质变性研究领域中普遍使用的二态模型所描述的过程,与真实蛋白质变性过程并不相符.在分析已有的实验结果的基础上,给出了反映蛋白质变性过程特征的新表示形式.这一形式表明蛋白质分子变性是一个构象渐变的过程,同时强调在一定浓度的尿素溶液中蛋白质分子均处于相同的构象态.从尿素分子与蛋白质肽链上的相邻二肽形成双氢键的假设出发,利用吸附反应动力学方法,得到了描述蛋白质变性特征的物理量与尿素浓度关系的表示式.结果表明理论值与实验值符合较好,说明建立的模型可较好地描述尿素导致的蛋白质变性现象.  相似文献   

3.
使用非格点朗之万模型和"Go型"氨基酸相互作用模拟了4个小分子量快速折叠蛋白质的折叠行为.从动力学和热力学两方面的探讨中,得到蛋白质CI2的折叠属于两态过程和蛋白质CheY的折叠过程存在中间态和蛋白质1BBL的折叠属于无势垒的"下山"式过程,而蛋白质片断1BDD(第10至第55残基)的折叠则是介于两态过程和"下山"式过程的中间类型.由于使用了相同的模型,物理机制上这些不同折叠类型显然来自蛋白质不同的天然态拓扑结构.  相似文献   

4.
蛋白质变性的渐变模型   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3  
通过对典型蛋白质变性实验的分析 ,证明了在目前蛋白质变性研究领域中普遍使用的二态模型与实际变性过程不符 .在分析已有实验结果的基础上 ,给出了反映蛋白质变性过程特征的新模型———渐变模型 ,该模型显示出蛋白质分子变性是一个构象渐变的连续稳态过程 .  相似文献   

5.
目前,无论在实验还是理论研究方面,研究蛋白质的从头折叠即使是小蛋白的折叠也非常困难.在室温下研究蛋白质的折叠过程可以有效的阐述蛋白质折叠机制.笔者从2I9M的线性结构出发,在室温下运行了15 ns的分子动力学模拟,发现它在6.4 ns时成功折叠到了天然态结构,此时的结构与天然态结构的均方根偏差为1.17(A),模拟结构与天然态结构符合的非常好.折叠过程是首先在C端出现了螺旋,随后N端又出现了螺旋,然后螺旋从N端鱼贯式生成,最终形成天然态结构.  相似文献   

6.
在低离子强度下,随着pH的降低,氨基酰化酶的构象逐渐伸展,至pH2.0附近去折叠程度达到最大,但CD光谱测量的结果表明此时酶分子仍具有一定的二级结构。通过增加HClO4的浓度,使pH进一步降低,ClO^-4阴离子诱导氨基酰化酶发生协同性的再折叠过程,使酶分子的构象从伸展状态成与“融球结构”类似的状态,即分子折叠过程,使酶分子的构象从伸展状态转变成与“融球结构”类似的状态,即分子折叠至一定的紧密程度  相似文献   

7.
蛋白质热变性现象的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
从构象渐变的观点,对蛋白质热变性现象进行了系统的分析,发现以前用二态模型无法解释的实验数据,可以用渐变的观点做出合理的解释.给出在实验中可以进一步验证热变性过程具有构象渐变特征的预测结果.  相似文献   

8.
将蛋白质的稳定和失活、折叠和去折叠等现象概括为蛋白质分子在溶液中的构象变化问题。采用非品格模型和Langevin分子动力学方法研究了无限稀释溶液及不同尺度和不同表面亲/疏水性球形限制性空间内β模型蛋白的构象分布及其转换特性。模拟结果显示:尺寸适度的疏水性空间有利于蛋白质结构发生缩塌,而亲水性空间有利于缩塌态蛋白质结构的稳定,且表面亲/疏水性的影响作用随着空间半径的增大而减弱。计算结果与实验报道一致,为研究蛋白质分子在溶液中的折叠和稳定化提供了理论工具。  相似文献   

9.
基于序列预测二级结构的蛋白质折叠速率的成功预测暗示着折叠速率能够单独从序列中预测出来.为了追踪这一问题,提出了从序列预测折叠速率的一种方法,而不需要任何二级结构和拓扑的信息.残基对折叠速率的影响与氨基酸的性质有密切的关系.对双态和多态蛋白质实验测定的折叠速率的相关性达到了82.9%,这意味着蛋白质的氨基酸序列是决定折叠速率和机理的重要因素.  相似文献   

10.
Im7和Im9是具有相似三维空间结构的同源蛋白质分子,这两种蛋白质的一级序列中有60%的残基成分相同,研究结果显示,Im7和Im9分子具有不同的稳定性和经历不同的折叠途径,为解释有关的实验事实,利用吸附反应动力学方法,分析了Im7和Im9两种蛋白质的变性过程和重折叠过程,结合Im7蛋白质和Im9蛋白质所具有的空间结构特性,对Im7和Im9蛋白质具有不同稳定特性和折叠途径存在差异的原因做了进一步的讨论和解释。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

14.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

15.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

16.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

17.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…  相似文献   

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