填料类型和曝气条件对生物栅微生物群落的影响

以水生植物和填料为要素构建生物栅装置,用以强化处理富营养化水体.实验采用6m3.d-1的中试规模,7个廊道并联运行,连续进出水.研究不同的填料类型和不同曝气条件下的污染去除效果以及填料生物膜微生物群落结构的变化.结果表明,填料在污染去除中起重要作用,投加填料的反应池CODCr、总氮和氨氮的去除率较无填料对照池分别提高了42.1%~52.2%,24.4%~47.8%和58.7%~71.4%.悬浮填料生物膜微生物相对处于好氧生境,有利于COD和NH4+的好氧氧化去除,而组合填料和新型填料存在兼性厌氧的生境,有利于总氮的去除.采用间歇曝气的方式可以一定程度地提高系统污染去除效率.ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析表明,填料挂膜阶段,3种填料生物膜带型相似,随着系统挂膜成熟及稳定运行,填料生物膜带型分化成两大类型.悬浮填料为一大类型,组合填料和新型填料为另一类型.3种填料生物膜微生物种群丰富度明显提高.间歇曝气的3号和5号条带微生物的种群丰富度高于未曝气的2号和4号,有利于污染物的去除.总之,随着系统的稳定运行,填料生物膜微生物多样性指数显示出逐渐增大的趋势,表明系统中微生物种群趋于多样化,系统处于良好的稳定状态.     

模拟河道生物反应器原位修复受污染水源水研究

以弹性填料为载体,考察了模拟河道生物反应器处理受污染水源水过程挂膜启动特性,并对曝气强度、水力停留时间(HRT)等工艺参数进行了系统性能影响研究.结果表明,模拟河道反应器经24 d挂膜启动后,氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐(CODMn)的平均去除率分别达61.0%,29.6%,16.0%;HRT 24 h、体系溶解氧(DO)质量浓度(ρ)5.5~6.5 mg.L-1条件下,反应系统具有稳定的污染物去除能力,NH3-N,TN,TP,CODMn的去除率分别达到75.0%,11.1%,11.1%和26.1%.同时,增大曝气量和缩短HRT,污染物的去除效果均略有下降,后者对生物膜去污性能的影响较大.镜检结果发现,模拟河道反应器运行过程填料表面逐渐发生变化,由无色向棕褐色、褐绿色转变,并出现了藻类、细菌和后生动物等,生物量逐渐增多.结果初步揭示,填料表面附着的生物量及微生物种类与其对污染物的去除效率具有一定的相关性.     

芦苇、香蒲根际分泌物及其根际效应比较分析

利用连续收集装置对芦苇、香蒲根分泌物中总糖、蛋白质和氨基酸进行了提取、分离和鉴定并确定了最适收集条件;考察了它们各自根分泌物对湿地系统中微生物种类和数量以及氮磷去除的影响.结果表明,芦苇、香蒲根分泌物中,总糖、蛋白质和氨基酸含量较高,且较为平均;连续收集装置最适条件为装水3 L,收集时间5 d,浓缩温度60℃,连续收集6管洗脱液,每管20 mL;湿地根际效应明显,放线菌数量受根分泌物正相调控最为显著;根际微生物种类随植物种类、外界环境的变化而变化;芦苇湿地中TN去除率77.6%,TP去除率33.3%;香蒲湿地中TN去除率93.2%,TP去除率20.0%.     

生物净化槽中茵群结构在梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata L)不同生长期的动态变化

为探究引入植物对生物净化槽处理黑臭河水的影响及机理,结合水质理化指标的动态变化,采用了ERIC-PCR指纹图谱技术来分析生物净化槽内的微生物群落结构在植物不同生长阶段的变化特征,比较植物与填料不同工艺组合对微生物群落结构的影响.结果发现:引种梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata L)的生物净化槽对主要污染物COD_(cr),NH_3-N和TP的去除率分别提高了19.8%～69.4%,18.2%～68%和23.9%～77.2%;微生物群落结构随植物不同生长发育阶段而变化,分蘖期优势菌群的种类和数量最多,同期净化效果也最好;从三种工艺的运行效果来看,植物+组合填料搭配最合适.     

PVF悬浮填料的制备及其污水处理效果的研究

制备了一种新型的高分子多孔载体——活性泡沫填料，它是聚乙烯醇和甲醛的缩聚物(PVF)。其比表面积大、密度接近于水，具有良好的亲生物特性，可作为悬浮填料在移动床工艺中为微生物提供附着生长的载体。研究表明，在复合式生物反应器中加入不同活性炭质量分数的两种活性PVF泡沫填料处理模拟生活污水，其COD的去除率在95%以上，氨氮的去除率为80%左右。在相同的工艺条件下活性炭质量分数为8％的PVF填料COD的去除效果和反硝化效果更为理想。当两填料体系中COD与NH_4⁺-N的质量浓度比为20时，两系统的同时硝化反硝化（SND）效果均为最理想。     

人工湿地系统处理上海崇明高浊度富营养化水体的研究

介绍了一种低技术系统——人工湿地应用于中国上海崇明岛处理农村高浊度富营养化水体。该系统由氧化塘和人工湿地复合而成。氧化塘内利用生态纤维填料强化微生物的种类和浓度,形成了藻菌共生体系;人工湿地底部基质采用比表面积大的陶粒,易于微生物挂膜和吸附悬浮颗粒物。结果表明:COD,TN,TP和浊度的去除率较高,平均去除率分别为43.60%,38.30%,65.38%和95.48%;处理效果呈现季节性变化,夏季净化效果最好。     

生物净化槽中菌群结构在梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata L)不同生长期的动态变化

为探究引入植物对生物净化槽处理黑臭河水的影响及机理，结合水质理化指标的动态变化，采用了ERIC-PCR指纹图谱技术来分析生物净化槽内的微生物群落结构在植物不同生长阶段的变化特征，比较植物与填料不同工艺组合对微生物群落结构的影响.结果发现：引种梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata L)的生物净化槽对主要污染物COD_Cr,NH₃-N和TP的去除率分别提高了19.8%~69.4%，18.2%~68%和23.9%~77.2%；微生物群落结构随植物不同生长发育阶段而变化，分蘖期优势菌群的种类和数量最多，同期净化效果也最好；从三种工艺的运行效果来看，植物+组合填料搭配最合适.     

砾石接触氧化法处理生活污水的试验研究及机理分析

研究不同温度、水力停留时间(HRT)、曝气方式条件下.以砾石作填料的生物反应器处理生活污水的效果,并通过生物学手段分析其机理.结果表明,20℃、HRT为10 h、连续曝气时,处理效果最佳,其中,化学需氧量(COD)去除率为85%,氨氮为65%,固体悬浮物(SS)为91.2%,浊度为97%,且无剩余污泥排出.反应系统中生物膜微生态环境复杂,微生物多样性较高,其中以轮虫、钟虫为主的原生动物及以假单胞菌属和拟杆菌/噬纤维菌菌属为主的原核生物在降解污水中有机物的同时,使系统污泥减量.     

垂直潜流人工湿地除砷实验研究

构建以锰砂和陶粒为填料和以蜈蚣草、灯心草为湿地植物的垂直潜流人工湿地系统,并模拟系统对水环境中砷的去除效果.实验结果表明:锰砂组人工湿地除砷能力大于相应的陶粒组;在进水砷质量浓度为500μg/L条件下,锰砂组人工湿地除砷高效稳定,维持在89%,陶粒组人工湿地除砷效率呈逐渐下降趋势,从48%~81%下降至29%~51%;与空白对照组相比,种植植物可提高湿地除砷效率;以陶粒为填料的各组砷去除率分别是50%(空白对照组),64%(蜈蚣草组)和74%(灯心草组);以锰砂为填料各组相应的砷去除率分别是89%,95%和91%;人工湿地对砷的去除率与温度和NH+4-N质量浓度呈显著正相关性,与PO3-4-P质量浓度呈显著负相关关系.     

MBBR处理畜禽养殖场废水的实验研究

通过对移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理畜禽养殖废水的实验研究,探讨了填料填充比例、水力停留时间、进水浓度等对反应器处理性能和效果的影响,并观察了反应器中的微生物相.结果表明:在填料填充比例为50%(体积比),单级反应器的水力停留时间为10 h,CODcr进水浓度为491～1312 mg／L的条件下,反应器运行稳定且处理效果好,最终出水CODcr平均为125 mg/L,去除率大于90%,出水NH3－N平均为70 mg/L,去除率为80%,均达到了《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001)的要求.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。