再论公民基本权利的宪法保障

近代宪法是在保障公民基本权利的过程中产生的,保障公民的基本权利是宪法的精髓所在。我国现行宪法对生存权、劳动权等公民基本权利保障存在着缺失。完善宪法对公民权利的保障建立宪法诉讼制度、建立违宪审查机制,使公民基本权利得到司法的救助和保障,从而实现和谐社会的建设。     

我国宪法实施中的问题分析

20年的行宪历程，我国宪法在总体上得到了较好的实施，但还存在一些问题，如宪政立法不完备，未设立专门的宪法监督机构等。在我国没有必要建立宪法司法适用制度，解决宪法适用不充分的问题须立足现实，适应中国基本情况，应以促进宪政立法取代法院造法，并促成宪法监督机构的专门化，同时，大力培植公民的宪法信仰，树立宪法应有的权威和尊严，促进宪法的充分实施。     

浅议宪法司法化

随着“齐玉苓案件”的批复出台，宪法司法化作为一个热点话题再次被搬上了法律论坛，不管是名的学，还是政府官员在此都异口同声：中国应该实现宪法司法化。然而，中国的现状是：宪法缺乏在司法上的适用性。作为司法机关的法院缺乏必要的违宪审查权，宪法在法律体系中是处于最高地位的摆设。本从宪法司法化的内涵、意义及其在司法适用上的限制，立足于中国宪法司法化的现状，从中找出原因，并针对其中的问题提出一些尝试性的解决思路，以期能在中国尽早实现宪法司法化。     

浅论我国宪法司法化问题

宪法司法化，不仅得到世界各国的普遍赞同，而且在各国的司法审判中也得到普遍适用，但在我国，作为根本大法的宪法，却不能进入司法程序。作者对产生此现象的原因作了分析，并进一步指出，在以法治国和我国已加入WTO的今天，宪法的司法化已是不可阻挡的历史必然。     

公民基本权利保护现状研究——以谢朝平案为例

公民的基本权利是宪法赋予公民用以对抗国家公权力侵犯的重要手段。世界上大多数国家都在宪法中明确规定了公民的基本权利,但是由于各国政治背景、文化差异等导致公民基本权利的保障水平和力度参差不齐,如何才能更好地保障宪法规定的权利落到实处是各个国家都在致力研究的问题。文章以一则案例入手,结合公民基本权利的限制理论,分析论证案例中主人公依法享有的言论自由、出版自由、监督权等一系列基本权利,并运用公民基本权利的救济理论阐述基本权利的救济方式和途径,从而以一个微小的领域折射出公民基本权利的保护现状。     

未列举基本权利的证成——基于格里斯沃尔德诉康涅狄格州案的分析

未列举权利的证成是一个司法实践的过程，也是一场制度正当性的博弈。格里斯沃尔德诉康涅狄格州案中法官通过援引第九修正案和第十四修正案，发展伴影理论和实质性正当程序理论，运用类推解释的法律解释方法，并诉诸历史和传统、自然权利学说和人权保障基础原理，确证了婚姻领域的隐私权——一项宪法未列举的权利。宪法未列举基本权利之中纠结着解释主义与非解释主义的分野，蕴含着解读宪法乃至司法的不同理念。究其根本，未列举宪法权利证成过程中包含的两难选择是司法审查与民主原则紧张关系的呈现。     

浅议宪法司法化

随着“齐玉苓案件“的批复出台,宪法司法化作为一个热点话题再次被搬上了法律论坛,不管是著名的学者,还是政府官员在此都异口同声:中国应该实现宪法司法化.然而,中国的现状是:宪法缺乏在司法上的适用性,作为司法机关的法院缺乏必要的违宪审查权,宪法在法律体系中是处于最高地位的摆设.本文从宪法司法化的内涵、意义及其在司法适用上的限制,立足于中国宪法司法化的现状,从中找出原因,并针对其中的问题提出一些尝试性的解决思路,以期能在中国尽早实现宪法司法化.     

论宪法公民基本权利设定方式的完善

从比较宪法学的角度考察域外宪法公民基本权利设定的方式,并在此基础上分析中国现行宪法在设定公民基本权利上存在的缺陷与不足,提出了改进和完善中国宪法基本权利设定方式的具体规定。     

试论隐私权的宪法保护

在当今信息社会,人与人之间的联系越来越紧密,与此同时侵犯个人隐私权的现象也越来越普遍。但我国现行的法律对隐私权的保护仅限于部门法范围,主要是通过民法对人格权的保护的方式来实现的,且并未将隐私权作为一项独立的权利进行明文规定。在宪法层面,虽然有关于隐私权的隐性规定,但通过直接适用宪法即宪法司法化来对隐私权进行保护,在我国还没有先例。需将宪法的精神和原则贯彻到部门法中,通过部门法的适用来实现宪法所保障的公民的基本权利和利益,最终实现隐私权的宪法保护。     

我国法律援助制度的进一步完善

我国法律援助制度的建立，为宪法和法律赋予公民的基本权利提供了切实的保障，有利于保障人权，实现司法公正；有助于完善社会保障体系，化解社会矛盾，维护社会稳定，根据国际惯例和我国的具体国情，法律援助资金可通过财政拨政，专项提取，社会捐赠等途径获取。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.