SPHC钢应变诱导相变细化铁素体晶粒

以SPHC钢为对象,在Gleeble-1500型热模拟机上进行单道次热压缩试验,通过分析变形后的应力与应变曲线及变形过程中的金相组织变化,研究应变诱导相变的基本规律及铁素体晶粒细化效果.结果表明:在750~830℃的变形中存在应变诱导铁素体相变,并获得超细晶铁素体晶粒尺寸为1.6~4.6μm;降低变形温度将增加相变所需化学驱动力,促进应变诱导铁素体相变的发生,从而细化铁素体晶粒;在一定的应变条件下,应变诱导相变获得的铁素体晶粒尺寸和体积分数均随应变速率的增加而减少.     

采用低温急冷大压下细化铁素体组织

以SS400为研究对象,在Gleeble1500热模拟机上,测定了在850℃未变形及变形的奥氏体CCT曲线,研究了低温急冷大变形条件下变形温度、应变量、过冷度对铁素体变形行为以及对铁素体晶粒细化的影响·结果发现通过采用低温大变形可以得到平均晶粒直径约为186μm的细小的铁素体组织,铁素体体积分数可达85%以上,在铁素体晶内和边界有碳化物析出·研究表明,低温、急冷、大变形可以有效地提高铁素体形核的驱动力,增加铁素体形核率,使晶粒大大地细化·     

低碳钢形变诱导相变组织在冷却过程中的晶粒长大

通过热模拟实验考察了低碳钢在略高于Ar3温度变形时发生形变诱导铁素体相变(DIFT)的组织演变规律;探讨了变形后连续冷却以及在不同温度下保温对DIFT组织的影响·结果表明,DIFT组织含量随变形量的增大而增多,但在较大的变形量下仍然有部分奥氏体没有发生DIFT;在随后的冷却过程中,未转变奥氏体通过静态相变形成粗大的铁素体,与形变诱导铁素体组织一起形成混晶组织·DIFT铁素体晶粒在形变后冷却过程中发生长大现象·实验测定和理论计算结果都表明,在连续冷却条件下,形变诱导组织存在晶粒长大终止温度,当温度低于该温度时DIFT晶粒停止长大;在不同温度等温时,也存在DIFT晶粒稳定的温度上限,在低于该温度保...     

ZrC/奥氏体相界面形变诱导相变动力学

研究热模拟单向压缩条件下含ZrC粒子的低碳锰(铌)钢在形变诱导相变过程中的铁素体转变动力学关系。研究结果表明:添加ZrC粒子使试验用钢奥氏体晶界的形核率明显增加,影响形变诱导铁素体的形态、分布及晶粒细化效果;高温变形时由于形变诱导的作用,铁素体转变量随应变的增大不断增加,而铁素体晶粒的细化主要是由于动态再结晶的作用,试验用钢在形变诱导相变的变形温度TAe3～TAr3之间的低温区进行变形(TAe3为形变诱导相变的开始温度,TAr3为形变诱导相变的终止温度),可以加速铁素体形核;同时,一定粒径和体积分数(0.6%)的ZrC粒子作为形变和再结晶核心,不仅阻碍位错的运动,而且造成位错密度增大,因而提高α-Fe形核率。在温度为900℃、应变速率为1s-1的条件下,试验用钢获得超细组织对应的ZrC粒子临界体积分数为0.6%。     

热变形过程中γ→α相变开始温度的预测——C-Mn钢与Nb-v微合金钢

以Cahn理论和Scheil法则为基础,讨论了热变形过程对γ α相变的影响,预测了C Mn钢变形过程铁素体析出的开始温度Ar3d和Nb V钢连续冷却转变开始温度Ar3·结果表明,同样变形条件下,碳含量或锰含量越低的钢种Ar3d越高;同一成分钢种,随着变形量增大或变形速率降低Ar3d提高;随着冷却速率的增加,Ar3温度降低;变形可以提高Ar3温度·用该方法进行的计算机模拟结果和实验结果吻合良好,表明这种理论处理方法可用来模拟这种相变过程·     

不同预变形对Q235低碳钢等温相变影响的模拟

材料加工过程中的预变形,会对材料内部的微观组织变化产生影响,研究这种影响能更好地了解变形后的组织结构,并为改善材料性能提供可靠依据。以Q235低碳钢为研究对象,建立了等温奥氏体-铁素体相变的二维元胞自动机模型,并结合铁素体形核、铁素体长大和铁素体粗化的数学模型,模拟出了不同应变量对等温奥氏体-铁素体相变的影响。模拟结果显示,相变过程中的不同预变形会对材料内部组织产生一定影响:随着应变量的增加,铁素体的形核率增加,铁素体的转变分数增加,铁素体晶粒的数量增加;同时,不断增加的应变量,又促使铁素体的平均晶粒尺寸减小,从而进一步促进微观组织的细化;另外,不同的预变形促使相变过程中碳浓度场的扩散距离更短,导致碳浓度场软接触更易发生,微观组织呈带状分布。     

X70HD管线钢形变诱导铁素体相变关键参数

采用热膨胀法对X70HD(抗大变形)管线钢在特定条件下铁素体的静态相变点以及动态相变点进行测定。以测得的相变点为依据,制定两阶段累积变形量高达80%的热模拟实验。通过固定第一阶段变形参数,变化第二阶段变形过程中的变形温度以及应变速率,随后马上淬火,分析第二阶段变形温度与应变速率这2个因素对形变诱导铁素体生成量以及铁素体晶粒粒径的影响。研究结果表明:所获得的形变诱导铁素体为等轴铁素体,并且该等轴铁素体晶粒细小;第二阶段变形在奥氏体低温区时,应变速率越低越有利于形变诱导铁素体的生成;在奥氏体非再结晶区的较高温度范围内,应变速率越高越有利于形变诱导铁素体的生成。     

含铌微合金低碳钢的连续冷却过程的相变

用Gleeble-1500热力模拟实验机研究了含铌微合金低碳钢在不同变形条件下连续冷却过程的相变规律,利用热膨胀法结合金相法建立了静态和动态的连续冷却转变曲线,分析了变形参数对组织的影响规律.研究表明,高温变形促进了珠光体相变,在950℃以上,变形温度的升高导致铁素体转变区减少;从贝氏体转变开始温度看,950℃变形促进了贝氏体相变;在相同变形温度下,随着变形量的增加,先共析铁素体的量增多,贝氏体量减少;在900℃以下变形促进了高温等轴铁素体的形成,抑制了贝氏体的相变.     

多道次变形对S355钢组织与相变温度的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机，对S355钢多道次变形条件下奥氏体晶粒尺寸的变化规律及冷却速度对相变温度及室温组织的影响进行了研究。结果表明：随着累积变形量的增加，变形奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐减小，且当累积变形量增加到一定程度后，奥氏体晶粒尺寸趋于一个定值。随着变形后冷却速度的提高，相变温度Ar3与Ar1逐渐降低，铁素体晶粒尺寸也逐渐减小。     

Nb对低碳Si-Mn钢连续冷却转变的影响

利用Gleeble 1500对含Nb与不含Nb两种低碳Si-Mn钢进行了连续冷却转变实验,并绘制了未变形及变形条件下的CCT曲线.结果表明:在未变形条件下,Nb的添加降低了铁素体相变温度(Ar3),使未变形CCT曲线下移;在变形条件下,应变诱导析出的Nb(C,N)等析出物使铁素体的转变温度上升并降低了贝氏体的转变冷速,从而使Ar3提高,CCT曲线上移;在变形条件下,Nb使铁素体晶粒明显细化,进而使实验钢的硬度明显提高.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme