复杂应力环境下单节理岩体渗流-应力耦合特性研究

实际工程岩体在三向不等压主应力作用下渗流-应力耦合特性是目前学术界和工程界尚不明确的一个关键点.首先通过合理的理论分析与公式推导,给出了可描述三向主应力作用下无充填节理内渗流-应力耦合特性的理论公式;利用室内岩石真三轴渗流-应力耦合试验,验证了上述理论公式的可行性;通过基于全局优化算法的非线性拟合软件,结合试验数据给出了可信度较高的渗流-应力耦合特性经验公式;采用三维块体离散元方法开展数值试验,探讨了节理法向刚度参数取值方法的差异性,在合理赋值情况下验证了渗流-应力耦合特性经验公式的合理性;基于室内真三轴应力-渗流耦合试验、非线性数据拟合与离散元数值试验的系统研究结果证明了理论分析的准确性.     

结构面剪切特性的试验与数值模拟分析

结构面的性质对岩体工程稳定性具有重要意义,通过室内试验和数值模拟,分析了结构面在直剪条件下的应力和变形特征,得到:①直剪试验过程中.剪力一剪切位移之间的关系逐渐从线性关系转化为非线性关系;当剪应力将要达到峰值剪切强度时,切向位移突然增大,岩体已开始沿结构面剪坏;②试样剪切强度与正应力之间符合Mohr-Coulomb线性关系;数值计算得到的应力应变关系与室内试验得到的结果相同,说明了数值试验的可靠性;③结构面剪应力的分布从结构面施加切向位移速率的一端向另一端逐渐增大:④随着法向应力的增大,最大剪应力分布区域基本上没有变化,说明法向力的大小对结构面剪应力的分布影响较小:并且根据Mohr-Coulomb理论.正应力在结构面上的分布情况类似于剪切力的分布情况.     

某水电站工程岩体裂隙面抗剪强度研究

水电站工程技术研究中,岩体裂隙抗剪强度参数是岩体稳定性非常重要的参数之一.以某水电站工程为例,为了提供工程边坡和地下洞室围岩岩体稳定性研究所需的裂隙抗剪强度参数,采取钻孔微新状岩体裂隙面芯样,进行室内直剪试验,并据Barton经验公式估算,对此两种方法结果对比分析.试验结果表明,Barton经验公式对平直稍粗糙型裂隙面抗剪强度参数估算结果与室内直剪试验结果基本一致,但对稍起伏稍粗糙型裂隙面抗剪强度参数估算结果与室内直剪试验结果偏差较大,分析认为该经验公式不适用于对高法向应力状态下JRC值偏大的硬性裂隙面抗剪强度的估算.     

三维锯齿型结构面直剪特性分析

结构面特性对于岩体稳定性具有重要的影响,为了研究锯齿型结构面的强度和变形特征,利用数值计算软件建立了三维结构面岩体试样的计算模型,采用界面单元模拟结构面特性,得到结构面在正应力和剪应力作用下,结构面剪切强度与起伏角的关系、应力应变关系以及剪胀效应.结果表明,结构面起伏角对内摩擦角的影响程度大于对黏结力的影响程度;相对法向位移与相对切向位移关系曲线明显地随法向应力大小不同而呈现出不同的变化趋势;在不同的起伏角和正应力状态下,法向位移和剪切位移之间均符合线性关系.     

岩体应力—渗流问题耦合分析的数值模拟

本文探讨岩体应力一渗流问题耦合分析的数值模拟方法。作者根据实际工程岩体的特征——含有孔隙并为各种结构面所切割,对岩体中的岩块和裂隙分别进行处理,然后对岩体裂隙应力—渗流问题进行耦合分析,从而建立相应的有限元方程。此方程可用于实际工程岩体的稳定性分析。     

岩体隧道施工诱发的关键块体三维模型及其验证

在岩体隧道工程岩体结构面的观测基础上,研究了结构面三维模型及网络模拟技术,通过不连续面网络图模拟真实岩体的几何特征,讨论了两种块体搜索方法,即根据确定结构面参数搜索确定块体和根据节理面网络图搜索随机块体的方法.引入概率理论对被节理切割的岩体中关键块进行了分析,采用蒙特卡罗法和面向对象的编程技术,给出了基于统计原理的岩体不连续面三维计算机模拟方法.建立了岩体工程适用的块体搜索和计算模型,实现岩体隧道工程的关键块体计算机搜索、三维显示和旋转等.     

随机分布贯穿裂隙岩体峰后应力-应变关系模型

基于峰后软化阶段强度参数逐渐演化这一行为,采用Mohr-Coulomb强度准则,分别以岩石的最大主应变和裂隙的切向位移作为软化参数,假设强度参数为软化参数分段线性函数的条件下,给出岩石的峰后应力-应变关系和裂隙的峰后应力-切向位移关系的求法,在此基础上,利用概率方法给出了随机分布贯穿裂隙岩体峰后应力-应变关系式的求法.最后结合算例讨论裂隙的平均间距、法向刚度和切向刚度对峰后应力-应变曲线的影响.研究结果表明:裂隙的平均间距、法向刚度和剪切刚度越小,裂隙岩体的应变越大.     

岩体力学参数优化算法在动力响应求解中的应用

在动荷载作用下,边坡内部岩体参数将随之发生动态变化.许多数值模拟研究中选取计算参数的依据不够充分或者较为模糊,工程计算中一般根据经验将静态弹性模量值增大,这将导致计算结果很难吻合实际情况.如能较为准确地把握岩体力学参数在动荷载作用下的变化规律,在数值模拟中选取适当的力学参数进行计算,可极大地提高数值模拟的可靠性.因此,本文以振动台物理模拟试验结果为基础,结合拟合优度算法提出动荷载作用下层状岩质边坡内部力学参数的优化公式,合理修正数值模拟中选取的力学参数值.利用FLAC3D差分软件对优化后的数值模型进行验证计算,计算结果和试验结果较为吻合.该优化方法可以在有限试验的基础上,结合数值模拟方法较为精准地计算多种拓展的概念模型,更好地分析地震动作用下不同内部结构的复杂地质边坡动力响应变化规律.     

相似理论与量纲分析法相结合的钻地弹侵彻岩体经验公式

弹体侵彻问题一直是热点的研究课题,目前对岩体侵彻深度的预测主要依靠经验公式。由于常见的经验公式是在老式弹种或一般航弹的基础上总结出来的,不适合新发展使用的钻地弹,部分公式计算结果与实际偏差较大,需对经验公式进行修正。利用相似理论和量纲分析法确定影响侵彻深度的关键参数,建立函数关系式,通过大量数据拟合出钻地弹侵彻岩体的经验公式,并利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件对钻地弹侵彻岩体进行数值模拟,其结果与拟合公式和常见的经验公式相比较,表明拟合公式与模拟结果吻合较好,可用于钻地弹侵彻岩体深度的预测。     

基于H-B强度理论的桩端岩层安全厚度确定

针对岩溶区桩端岩层安全厚度确定中存在的问题,引入能综合考虑岩体质量及三向应力的影响的Hoek-Brown岩体经验强度准则,确定了岩体抗拉强度计算公式,并采用Lambe变换,建立了较为实用的岩体剪切破坏强度公式.基于桩端岩体破坏模式,确定了桩端岩层安全厚度的计算方法.参数分析表明:RMR值对桩端岩层安全厚度有强烈影响,RMR值越高,安全厚度越小,反之越大.对于一般天然下自稳状态的溶洞顶板,安全厚度取3倍桩径较为合理.最后结合工程实例对本文计算方法进行了验证.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to