考虑制造误差的人字齿行星传动均载特性

以人字齿行星齿轮传动系统为研究对象,基于齿轮系统动力学理论和牛顿运动定律,考虑各构件制造偏心误差和齿廓误差、时变啮合刚度、轴承支承刚度以及陀螺效应等因素,运用集中参数法建立考虑人字齿轮实际结构特点的该型传动弯-扭-轴耦合动力学模型;通过计算在不同浮动方式下的系统均载系数,获得太阳轮偏心误差以及齿廓误差与系统均载系数关系曲线,进而分析在不同浮动方式下制造误差对人字齿行星传动均载特性的影响;同时对比分析在有太阳轮浮动和非浮动情况下,太阳轮的径向浮动能力。研究结果表明:制造误差和构件浮动对人字齿行星传动均载性能有显著的影响,构件浮动可以明显地改善系统均载特性,并且系统均载系数随制造误差的增加而增大;与非浮动情况相比,浮动太阳轮时太阳轮中心径向位移量明显较大,提高了太阳轮浮动能力。     

含有浮动组合内齿圈的人字齿行星齿轮系统静态均载特性

基于集中参数法,建立含有浮动组合内齿圈的人字齿行星齿轮传动系统静态均载计算模型,并针对其进行静态均载特性行为的理论研究。考虑时变啮合刚度、各构件偏心误差激励、中心构件浮动等影响因素,并利用傅立叶级数法求解系统载荷平衡方程,定性地分析各构件偏心误差、中心构件浮动方式及浮动量、柔性内齿圈扭转刚度等参数对系统静态均载特性行为的影响。研究结果表明:系统均载系数随着偏心误差的增大而增大,构件偏心误差共同作用对均载系数的影响比构件偏心误差单独作用时的影响大;柔性内齿圈扭转刚度的改变对太阳轮、内齿圈的浮动量及系统的均载系数均有影响;含有浮动组合内齿圈的人字齿行星齿轮系统较一般人字齿行星齿轮系统有更好的均载效果。     

考虑齿圈柔性的行星传动系统固有特性与灵敏度研究

为有效地模拟行星齿轮传动系统齿圈结构柔性,采用有限元方法建立了齿圈结构模型,依据啮合力与内齿圈的变形协调关系建立了传动系统刚-柔耦合动力学模型,求解了系统固有频率与振型,阐述了耦合系统固有频率的分布规律,依据系统振动特征,将系统振型划分为6种振动模式。计算了系统刚度对各阶固有频率的灵敏度,可作为行星传动系统振动抑制的依据,分析了系统扭转振动随太阳轮扭转刚度和太阳轮与行星轮啮合刚度的变化规律,讨论了齿圈厚度对系统固有频率分布、子系统耦合阶次与振动模式的影响,发现系统固有频率均会在齿轮子系统扭转振动频率位置出现,但随着齿圈厚度的增加,与之耦合的齿圈振动模式则逐渐由高阶节径振动逐渐降低,系统一阶振型也会由齿圈节径振动模式转变为齿圈刚体振动模式。     

双排行星齿轮系统的静态均载特性行为

建立双排行星齿轮传动系统的计算模型,并针对其进行静态均载特性行为的理论研究。模型中考虑各级行星齿轮的偏心误差,静态传递误差,时变啮合刚度等参数,并利用傅里叶级数法求解系统载荷平衡方程。定性地研究行星轮的偏心误差,齿圈的支撑刚度,行星轮的支撑刚度以及一级行星架的扭转刚度等参数对系统静态均载特性行为的影响,并据此得到一些理论分析结果。该研究延伸和扩展了对双排行星轮系均载特性行为的认识,并为进一步进行动力学均载行为的理论和实验研究形成一定的基础,同时也为双排行星轮系的设计提供一定的参考。     

基于啮合特性的人字齿轮动力学建模与分析

利用人字齿轮啮合特性的分析结果,准确计算人字齿轮轮齿时变啮合刚度激励和误差激励。根据齿轮啮合冲击模型,计算人字齿轮啮入冲击激励。根据人字齿轮的均载传动特性,综合考虑上述3种激励,利用集中参数理论建立人字齿轮12自由度弯曲—扭转—轴向变形耦合的三维空间动力学模型。应用牛顿第二定律,建立系统的振动方程,对方程进行消除刚体位移和量纲归一化处理。采用变步长四阶龙格库塔法(Runge-Kutta)求解,得到系统的振动响应和动态特性。结果表明:人字齿轮动力学模型的建立、求解和分析为其动态设计奠定了基础。     

新型自减振行星传动系统动态特性分析

为了改善内、外部激励下机电传动系统的动态响应特性,提出一种新型自减振行星传动形式:TVD-PG(torsional vibration damper and planetary gear)传动系统,采用扭转减振装置取代传统行星齿轮中某一构件与箱体固连的方式.考虑传动轴扭转变形和行星齿轮时变啮合刚度,建立电机和适用于变速工况下的TVD-PG传动系统的耦合动力学模型.仿真分析了TVD-PG传动系统在启动和稳定工况时的动态响应特性,并与传统的行星齿轮传动方式进行对比.结果表明:在启动阶段,TVD-PG传动系统可快速减小电机电磁转矩波动,使电机和输出端转速快速平稳上升,同时改善了启动和稳定工况下行星齿轮系统的动态啮合力状况.由于机电耦合作用,在系统稳定时可清晰观察到齿轮系统内部激励参数对电机部分的影响.     

行星传动均载及动载系数定义改进与分析

针对目前对于行星传动中的均载与动载的定义存在差异并与ISO齿轮标准不相符的问题,对行星传动系统均载和动载特性进行了分析并给出了更加准确的定义。该定义修正了现有文献对瞬时动载系数中的静载荷定义理解的误区,并对均载系数定义中未能包含系统所有因素的影响(缺失齿轮振动影响)以及动载系数定义并非仅含齿轮振动影响予以纠正。此外,建立了考虑时变啮合刚度、陀螺效应及综合误差的行星传动系统平移扭转耦合动力学方程,同时对系统行星轮存在偏心误差和位置误差下改进前后瞬时均载系数和瞬时动载系数进行了对比,更加准确地获得了系统特性变化状况,突出了改进后的优点,为行星传动系统的减振和降噪提供了参考。     

面齿轮-行星传动串联系统固有特性研究

采用集中参数法建立了面齿轮-行星传动串联系统的平移-扭转耦合动力学模型,对该系统的固有频率进行求解.对系统的振动模式进行分析,计算了模态应变能和模态动能,研究了啮合刚度、支撑刚度、扭转刚度和构件质量对固有频率的影响.结果表明:系统的固有频率重根数有3种,即一重根、二重根、三重根.振动模式分别为:面齿轮扭转-轴向振动,中心构件扭转振动模式;面齿轮平移振动模式;中心构件平移振动模式;直齿轮振动模式.分析了各齿轮模态应变能和模态动能较大时所对应的模态阶次,构件此时的变形较大,振动较剧烈.研究刚度和质量对固有频率的影响,为通过优化系统参数避开传动系统共振区提供了理论依据.     

太阳轮偏心误差对人字齿行星传动动态特性影响

以人字齿行星齿轮为研究对象,考虑人字齿轮实际结构,基于集中参数理论,建立计入各个构件轴向振动的人字齿轮行星传动广义动力学模型,建模中考虑制造偏心误差和齿廓误差、轴承支撑刚度、轮齿时变啮合刚度和陀螺效应等影响因素.该模型可用于具有不同类型制造误差和任意数目行星轮的人字齿行星传动振动性能分析.采用数值算法求解系统受迫振动响应,分别分析了时域和频域动态响应.以太阳轮制造偏心误差Es为例,着重研究Es对人字齿行星传动动态特性影响规律.结果表明:制造误差Es增强了人字齿行星传动系统中的动态响应以及动态啮合力的波动.     

基于分流均衡要求的行星传动基本构件浮动量分析

根据从动力学角度建立的行星传动系统计算模型,考虑系统的误差、工况条件、构件的支承刚度对基本构件浮动量的影响,推导行星传动的动力学方程;计算在载荷分流均衡要求下基本构件的浮动量;分析系统主要设计参数对浮动量的影响,为行星齿轮传动系统的均载结构设计提供依据.研究结果表明系统的浮动量随着对载荷均衡要求、转速、系统行星轮个数、基本构件支承刚度和系统构件误差的增加而增大,各构件的误差对系统浮动量的影响有累加作用;系统的误差、工况条件、构件的尺寸参数和支承刚度等因素均影响系统的浮动量,在实际分析中要予以考虑.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme