艾比湖湿地泥炭特性及评价研究

泥炭是十分宝贵的生态资源,在农业、工业、畜牧以及环境保护和修复等多个领域内广泛应用。为探明新疆艾比湖湿地泥炭的特性及应用价值,文章以艾比湖湿地的泥炭为研究对象,对研究区泥炭的理化特性进行测试并进行评价,结果表明:艾比湖湿地泥炭有机质含量偏低,碱解氮含量极低,速效钾、有效磷含量中等。土壤有机质与土壤碱解氮,速效钾,有效磷之间都呈极显著正相关,土壤中总盐与HCO-3、Cl-、SO2-4、K++Na+之间呈显著正相关性,经盐渍化类型判断,艾比湖湿地泥炭少数属于氯化物-硫酸盐型,属于轻度盐渍化和中度盐渍化。了解研究区泥炭的特性对提高泥炭资源的利用效率,促进干旱区资源开发、环境保护具有很好的实践意义。     

昆明市不同深度下湖相泥炭质土压缩特性试验研究

为研究不同深度下泥炭质土的压缩特性，本文采用室内试验和数据分析的方法，从不同有机质含量和不同取样深度着手，对泥炭质土进行烧失量试验和固结试验，分析了有机质含量对压缩性的影响，以及在不同深度下泥炭质土压缩性质的变化。结果表明：天然孔隙比随有机质含量增加而线性增加，高孔隙比的泥炭质土具有高压缩性；泥炭质土的取样深度和压缩系数为幂函数关系，曲线呈现出“较陡”的趋势，不同深度下的压缩特性变化很大；取样深度越深，压缩模量越大；取自40 m以下的泥炭质土超固结比都大于1,属于超固结土，泥炭质土压缩指数介于0.8～1.0之间，属于高-超高压缩性土。上述对泥炭质土压缩特性的研究结果，对泥炭质土地基处理具有指导意义，同时为不同深度下泥炭质土压缩特性研究奠定了基础。     

泥炭吸附阳离子染料翠蓝GB的热力学、动力学特性

研究了阜新(Ⅰ)、新宾(Ⅱ)、舒兰(Ⅲ)三种泥炭对阳离子染料翠蓝GB(简称GB)的吸附作用。探讨了吸附反应热△H~o、熵变△S~o和相对亲和力-△μ~o的关系以及影响-△μ~o和吸附量的因索。实验证明:上述三种泥炭对GB的-△μ~o的大小为:Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ。还讨论了泥炭吸附GB的动力学性质,研究了不同反应条件对有效扩散系数?及平衡分率u_t的影响,得到阜新泥炭吸附GB的有效扩散系数?约为5×10~(-11)cm~2/s,扩散活化能为6.90kJ/mol。     

中国东北与白俄罗斯泥炭藓泥炭特性的对比研究

以中国东北小兴安岭汤洪岭和白俄罗斯别列金自然保护区的道莫日契科泥炭藓炭为研究对象，通过泥炭剖面特征的分析以及泥炭灰分，ｐＨ、分解度、碳、氮及Ｃ／Ｎ等基本性质的对比，探讨和分析了两地区泥炭藓泥炭理化性质的差异和主要影响因素，并根据我国东北地区泥炭藓泥炭矿层较薄，泥炭储量少的特点，提出对泥炭藓泥炭沼泽进行重点保护的观点。     

天宝岩不同类型泥炭沼泽物种多样性与地上生物量关系

以天宝岩国家级自然保护区为研究对象,研究4种不同类型泥炭沼泽群落生物量、物种多样性分布特征以及地上生物量与物种多样性间的关系.结果表明:泥炭藓群落(Comm.Sphagnum magellanicum)地上生物量和泥炭藓生物量均显著高于其他3类群落(P0.05),其他3类群落地上生物量和泥炭藓生物量无显著差异(P0.05),其中水竹-泥炭藓群落(Comm.Phyllostachys heteroclada-Sphagnum magellanicum)的地上生物量最低.不同泥炭沼泽类型群落物种多样性排序为垂穗石松+水竹-泥炭藓群落(Comm.Palhinhaea cernua+Phyllostachys heteroclada-Sphagnum magellanicum)灯芯草-泥炭藓群落(Comm.Juncus effusu-Sphagnum magellanicum)水竹-泥炭藓群落泥炭藓群落.相关分析表明:天宝岩不同类型泥炭藓沼泽群落物种多样性与地上生物量关系不明显,基本无相关性(r≈0).亚热带泥炭藓沼泽湿地生物量主要由优势物种决定,而物种多样性则主要由非优势物种决定.长期水淹加上高寒气候造成资源环境空间异质性降低,"生态位互补"效应不明显.     

我国泥炭的应用分类及其类型评价

本文重点阐述了以泥炭属性为依据,选择对工农业有重要意义的灰分和分解度两个指标,将我国泥炭分为三级九组,并对其主要泥炭类型进行了质量评价。     

氨水对微生物活性的影响

本文介绍了制备泥炭无机腐铵肥料的数据。指出,氨水对泥炭肥料中微生物区系的繁殖强度的影响程度,取决于氨水的加入量和堆沤的时间,推荐了泥炭肥料的制备方法。在泥炭无机铵肥料的生产过程中(用氨水和磷—钾肥料对泥炭进行加工),发生着化学和微生物反应,由于这些反应,原料经受了一系列变化。     

河北省泥炭成矿规律的地貌条件分析

本文是对河北省泥炭进行调查究研的总结。从利用地貌标志找矿的基点出发,着重叙述了泥炭成矿的地貌条件。根据区域第四纪历史和地貌条件,探讨了泥炭的时间、空间分布规律,再结合以泥炭的产状和埋深等特点,划分出五个成矿带。最后谈到本区泥炭成矿规律对邻区矿产予测的意义问题。     

中国亚热带、热带泥炭形成的水热条件与微生物分解相关性

泥炭是由于植物残体积累大于微生物分解量的结果，两者都与水热条件有密切关系，是特殊水热条件组合长期持续的产物．作者对中国亚热带、热带地区6省(市)9个观测点进行了46次野外定点观测工作，通过大量实测数据，探明泥炭累积与植物生长、微生物分解与气候、地表水、酸碱环境的关系、初步进行了地表积水环境的大气湿度与水中溶氧量的关系的研究．证明大气湿度影响水中的溶解氧，溶解氧影响到微生物分解，从而制约泥炭的累积，探讨了环境中草本植物分解与水热条件和微生物区系的相关性，揭示了亚热带草本泥炭形成的生物-环境机制．     

基于GIS的中国泥炭资源性质评价

泥炭是一种重要的自然资源，在农业、工业和医药业等方面具有多种用途,泥炭中有机质古量对泥炭的利用起着至关重要的作用．采用GIS技术，对我国泥炭资源的有机质的类型、古量及分布状况进行分析,既能满足泥炭资源信息咨询的需要，又有利于泥炭资源的现代化管理.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to