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1.
采用不同制备方法翩备了Au/NiO催化剂,以CO氧化反应作为表征反应.考察了催化剂制备方法对催化剂活性的影响,在不同处理条件下制备了NiO载体.采用沉积-沉淀法制备了相应Au/NEO催化剂,进一步考察了载体的制备条件对催化剂性能的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD、BET和TPR表征.实验结果表明:催化剂的制备方法对催化剂的催化活性有显著影响.经沉积-沉淀法制备催化剂的活性最好,而浸渍法制备的催化剂活性最差;载体的制备条件对催化剂的活性也有一定影响.在载体制备过程中加入分散剂并不能提高催化剂的活性,而载体经微波处理后的催化剂表现出较高的活性.BET结果显示负载于未经焙烧载体上的催化剂活性较高可能和催化剂较高的比表面积有关;TPR结果显示催化剂含有氧化态的金,而且催化剂的活性与氧化态金的还原温度相关.  相似文献   

2.
为提高以惰性氧化铝为载体所担载的纳米金催化剂的CO氧化反应活性和稳定性,本研究设计了一种采用沉淀水热法合成的具有层状褶皱似的粗糙表面的氧化铝多孔载体,并以此为载体担载纳米Au粒子且用于CO氧化反应。系列表征结果表明,与直接沉淀法制得的氧化铝相比,沉淀水热法制备的氧化铝载体存在大量的褶皱似的粗糙表面且富含更多的羟基物种,促进了纳米金粒子在载体表面的高度分散,从而提高了其CO氧化反应活性和反应稳定性。  相似文献   

3.
采用阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3/Al载体,研究了阳极氧化条件(硫酸浓度、电流密度、氧化时间等)对载体比表面积和孔结构的影响.用这种载体,经过水合或负载CeO2、Fe2O3等助剂对载体的不同处理后,采用浸渍法制备了金负载量为1%的Au/Al2O3/Al、Au/Al2O3-CeO2/Al、Au/Al2O3-Fe2O3/Al催化剂,考察了其CO催化氧化活性.结果表明:阳极氧化条件对载体的表面结构有着显著的影响,同时也明显影响到催化剂的活性;助剂CeO2的加入能明显提高催化剂的活性.  相似文献   

4.
不使用表面活性剂和氧化剂,利用液相沉淀法制备了Co3O4催化剂.采用XRD和TEM对催化剂进行了表征,着重考察了预处理条件、反应温度、空速等工艺条件对Co3O4催化剂上CO低温氧化性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的催化剂具有单一的立方相结构,晶粒尺寸在10~20 nm之间.经过氧化预处理的Co3O4在室温乃至零度以下(-78 ℃)都具有较高的CO氧化性能,在25 ℃下可连续反应500 min以上保持CO完全转化.催化剂的稳定性随原料气中CO浓度的降低而逐渐升高,随空速的提高活性下降较快.水蒸气的引入则对催化剂的稳定性有明显的负作用,导致在室温下使CO保持完全转化的时间明显缩短.  相似文献   

5.
采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel法)制备系列La-Mn-O载体,用沉积-沉淀法(DP法)制备负载型金催化剂,以CO催化氧化为探针反应,对催化剂活性进行测试,并考察催化剂的制备条件(焙烧温度、制备过程中溶液的pH值、Au的负载量以及载体的种类)对催化活性的影响,用XRD、BET和AAS等手段对催化剂进行表征.结果表明,当溶液的pH=9,Au的理论负载量为2%,未经焙烧的Au/LaMnO3催化剂表现出较好的活性,CO的最低完全转化温度为90℃.稳定性测试结果显示.Au/LaMnO3催化剂具有较好的稳定性,连续反应30 h,CO的转化率一直保持100%,放置150d后催化剂活性稍有下降,CO的最低完全转化温度由原来的90℃升至110℃.  相似文献   

6.
有机溶胶法制备Pt/C催化剂的影响因素研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
有机溶胶法制备高分散的Pt/C催化剂是目前制备活性组分高度分散的燃料电池催化剂的一种新方法,本文考察了在有机溶胶法制备催化剂的过程中,碳载体的预处理以及制备条件对催化剂性能的影响,实验结果表明:在适当的温度下对碳载体进行热处理可以显著改善活性组分的分散和提高催化剂的性能;在惰性气氛中还原制得的催化剂的性能明显优于在空气气氛中还原制得的催化剂,较低温度有利于获得活性组分颗粒度较小的催化剂,起始PH值大于10时制得的催化剂的活性明显高于PH小于10时制得的催化剂。采用优化条件制备的Pt/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电化学性能和抗中毒性能显著优于E-TEK Pt/C催化剂。  相似文献   

7.
制备高分散的负载型催化剂是充分利用在自然界中储量极为有限的贵金属资源的重要手段.采用不同方法制备一系列负载Pd催化剂,考察了不同载体负载Pd催化剂的CO氧化性能.发现以乙酰丙酮钯为前驱体制得的Pd/TiO2催化剂活性远高于Pd/SiO2和Pd/Al2O3催化剂的活性,在室温下就表现出较好的CO氧化活性,且在无气相O2条件下CO可以与Pd/TiO2催化剂表面的氧物种(晶格氧)反应生成一定量的CO2.分散度测试、CO吸附的原位红外光谱和程序升温还原的结果表明Pd/TiO2催化剂上Pd物种以高分散Pd0形式存在,并与载体之间存在强相互作用,这可能是Pd/TiO2催化剂具有低温活性的主要原因.  相似文献   

8.
传统负载型金催化剂常以氧化物或活性炭作为载体,很少以金属磷酸盐作为载体.本文考察了具有不同晶相和形貌的LaPO_4负载金催化剂的CO氧化.采用沉淀法制备由纳米颗粒和短棒组成的六方相LaPO_4(记为LaPO_4-H).控制水热法处理的温度和时间(150℃,12h和220℃,18h)分别制备了六方相LaPO_4纳米线(LaPO_4-HNW)和单斜相LaPO_4纳米线(LaPO_4-MNW-220).通过在900℃焙烧六方相LaPO_4纳米线,制备了单斜相LaPO_4纳米线(LaPO_4-MNW-900).使用以尿素为沉淀剂的沉积-沉淀(DPU)法在4种载体上负载金(成分中金的质量分数为1%),把4种催化剂分别在350℃和500℃焙烧,并测试了催化CO氧化的活性.采用XRD、TEM、XPS、ICP-OES、N2吸附-脱附、CO2-TPD等测试手段,对催化剂进行了表征.研究结果表明,金纳米颗粒的大小是影响催化活性的决定性因素,即金颗粒越小,活性越好.不同的LaPO_4载体能影响负载于载体上的金颗粒的大小和热稳定性,进而影响催化活性.  相似文献   

9.
通过沉积沉淀法制备了负载型金催化剂,测定了其对CO的催化氧化性能.结果表明,催化剂的活性与催化剂的载体种类、焙烧温度和放置时间等因素有关;Au/TiO2和Au/CeO2催化剂的催化活性较高,而Au/ZnO催化剂的催化活性较低;焙烧温度影响催化剂的性能,焙烧温度为400℃时,催化剂活性最高;较长的放置时间会降低催化剂性能,这可能与活性组分粒径长大有关.  相似文献   

10.
在流动脉冲吸附装置中,测定在一定实验条件下CO的不可逆吸附量,以此表征了用于CO完全氧化反应的鈣钛矿型La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3/γAl_2O_3催化剂的活性表面。根据簡化吸附模型进行计算的结果表明,对于含不同浸漬量活性组分的催化剂,或同一催化剂经不同条件的预处理,算得的活性表面和分散度值,都得到了合理的结果,并和催化剂CO氧化反应活性有平行关系。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

14.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

15.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

16.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

17.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.  相似文献   

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