海洋浮游植物休眠期的生态学研究

休眠期是甲藻和硅藻抵御外界不利环境条件的一种有效的生理反应机制，也是许多赤潮藻生活史中的一个重要生活阶段．从生态分布、生态作用尤其是在赤潮生消过程中的作用等角度简述了海洋浮游甲藻和硅藻休眠期的生态学的研究情况，并对二者的生态学特征进行比较．甲藻孢囊和硅藻休止细胞在海洋沉积物中的丰度有明显差别，前者较后者具有更明显的季节性萌发能力．温度和光照是影响二者萌发的重要生态因子，温度是甲藻孢囊萌发不可或缺的因素，而光照是硅藻休止细胞萌发的触发因子．二者在种源策略和生态特征上的差异导致了不同的群落演替模式和引发藻华的机制．     

有毒有害赤潮藻类旋沟藻(Cochlodinium Schütt)研究进展

旋沟藻(Cochlodinium Schütt)是目前世界上扩展最为迅速的赤潮生物,2009年10月底广东珠海海域发生的旋沟藻赤潮标志着该藻赤潮已经向我国沿海扩展.旋沟藻属于甲藻门裸甲藻科,能形成链状群体,具有光能自养型和吞噬营养两种营养模式,并且能形成孢囊.旋沟藻在世界各地广泛分布,能适应强光,并具有广温广盐的特性.旋沟藻所产生的毒素能令鱼类和贝类死亡,并且对其它浮游植物具有较强的克生作用.旋沟藻赤潮严重地破坏了海洋生态环境,并带来重大的经济损失.本研究就旋沟藻的形态特征、生活史、生理生态特征及其赤潮发生和防控方面进行了综述,期望为我国旋沟藻赤潮的预防预测提供参考.     

海洋浮游植物休眠期的生态学研究

休眠期是甲藻和硅藻抵御外界不利环境条件的一种有效的生理反应机制,也是许多赤潮藻生活史中的一个重要生活阶段.从生态分布、生态作用尤其是在赤潮生消过程中的作用等角度简述了海洋浮游甲藻和硅藻休眠期的生态学的研究情况,并对二者的生态学特征进行比较.甲藻孢囊和硅藻休止细胞在海洋沉积物中的丰度有明显差别,前者较后者具有更明显的季节性萌发能力.温度和光照是影响二者萌发的重要生态因子,温度是甲藻孢囊萌发不可或缺的因素,而光照是硅藻休止细胞萌发的触发因子.二者在种源策略和生态特征上的差异导致了不同的群落演替模式和引发藻华的机制.     

浙江象山港表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊多样性与分布研究

目的:阐明浙江象山港海域甲藻赤潮发生潜势,为象山港的环境保护和海洋资源可持续发展提供科学依据。方法:2016年7月采集象山港海域表层沉积物,对沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布规律进行研究,重点揭示有毒有害甲藻孢囊的分布;同时测定了沉积物中生源要素质量分数,以揭示孢囊分布与生源要素的关系。结果:共鉴定甲藻孢囊26种,包括自养型18种和异养型8种,优势种为原多甲藻孢囊。孢囊的种类多样性指数(H′)偏低,为1.92～2.17之间;均匀度指数(J)为0.68～0.74。孢囊密度介于69.8～174.4 cysts/g D Wt,平均为100.2 cysts/g D Wt,呈现出港中大于港顶和港口的趋势。象山港表层沉积物中异养型甲藻孢囊占比较高(67.6%～81.0%),在一定程度上说明了水体中较高的初级生产力及富营养化水平。孢囊密度及主要类别孢囊密度均与生物硅(BSi)呈现出明显的正相关关系,说明硅藻生物量是决定孢囊生产力的重要因素。本研究分析鉴定出10种有毒有害甲藻的孢囊,包括麻痹性贝类毒素(PSP)原因种奥氏亚历山大藻(Alexandrium ostenfeldii)和链状/塔玛亚历山大藻(Alex...     

赤潮甲藻孢囊研究综述

赤潮甲藻孢囊研究综述郑磊，齐雨藻（暨南大学水生生物研究所，５１６３２．广州）关键词：赤潮；甲藻孢囊；综述中图分类号：Ｑ９４９赤潮是全球性的主要海洋灾害之一。它不仅破坏海洋生态环境，影响海产养殖业，更通过赤潮生物毒素在生物链的传递、聚集，最终危害人类健...     

南海大鹏湾浮游植物的生态学特征

根据１９９０－１９９２年对大鹏湾进行的赤潮生态研究，共鉴定浮游植物２５２种，其中１个新种－中华拟菱形藻。分析了浮游植物的种类组成和分布状态，对优势作了统计；分析了大鹏湾浮浮液藻类的生态型，其中以近岸暖水种居多；对赤潮生物和有毒种类进行了界害，并讨论了大鹏湾 与邻近水域浮游植物的异同。     

长江口及其邻近海域近代沉积物中甲藻孢囊的垂直分布

于2005年4～5月,在长江口外及浙江中南部海域设置5个采样站点,获取了15～40 cm的沉积物柱状样,分层研究了甲藻(dinoflagellates)孢囊的垂直分布.在本研究中共鉴定出46种甲藻孢囊,其中自养型19种,异养型27种.长江口海域复杂的流系特征及环境状况对孢囊分布有明显影响,致使孢囊丰度较低,平均丰度为366.2cysts·g-1,且无明显垂直分布规律.锥状斯氏藻孢囊是最为丰富的自养型甲藻孢囊,平均质量分数介于17.0%～28.9%;异养型甲藻孢囊以原多甲藻属为主,平均质量分数为29.5%～53.6%,其它类型孢囊仅零星分布.有毒藻亚历山大藻孢囊在各站位均有分布,但丰度较低,最高值仅为68.1 cysts·g-1.     

常见赤潮藻类的变性梯度凝胶电泳分析

为了解我国典型有毒有害赤潮藻类的变性梯度凝胶电泳( DGGE)指纹图谱以及DGGE技术在赤潮藻类分析鉴定中的作用,本课题组运用DGGE技术,研究了我国沿海7种重要赤潮藻类的单一种类以及混合种类样品的18S rDNA V3区的DGGE指纹图谱,并且对2009年10月底在广东省珠海海域发生的双胞旋沟藻(Cochlodinium gemtnatum)赤潮样品进行了DGGE分析.结果表明,DGGE技术能够对环节环沟藻、海洋原甲藻、血红哈卡藻、锥状斯氏藻、中肋骨条藻、塔玛亚历山大藻、双胞旋沟藻7种常见的海洋赤潮藻类具有较好的区分效果,同时监测出赤潮样品中双胞旋沟藻、血红哈卡藻、环节环沟藻和海洋原甲藻4种优势种,种类组成与显微镜观察结果具有较好的一致性.结果说明DGGE技术可作为一种辅助方法对赤潮藻类进行分类鉴定.     

氮磷比对两种赤潮藻生长特性的影响

研究了两种赤潮藻即赤潮异弯藻（Heterosigma akashiwo）和东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）在不同氮磷比培养条件下的生长特性,探讨了氮磷含量及比值对赤潮爆发的影响机理。结果表明,在试验条件下赤潮异弯藻的比生长速率与N源浓度之间的关系符合Monod公式（P〈0.001）,氮磷比在25和50时藻细胞密度高于其他比值的藻细胞浓度,说明该氮磷比是赤潮异弯藻最佳生长营养盐条件。对东海原甲藻而言,在以NaNO3为N源时,氮磷比为40时藻细胞密度高于其他比值的藻细胞浓度,说明该氮磷比是东海原甲藻最佳生长营养条件。     

南海朋鹏湾浮游植物种群的季节演替

根据１９９０－１９９２年３年对朋鹏湾进行的赤潮生态研究，分析了大鹏湾浮液植物的季节演替规律。春季甲藻的种类和数量均较多；而硅藻则全年均有分布，且数量较高，对浮游植物优势种群的逐月变化用了研究。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the