电磁场的本征矢势和规范问题

因为在量子力学中A并不单独出现,而总是以A-(hc/e)▽S(S是电子波函数的位相)形式出现,本文讨论了电磁场的本征矢势a≡A-(hc/e)▽S的性质、物理意义和某些应用。由于α是不随规范而变的物理量,因而在非相对论量子力学中用α来描述电磁现象可免除因借用非物理量A所带来的各种规范不确定性。     

中医经络和人体谐振腔

从波动理论、量子力学和电动力学等现代科学的观点出发,对中医人体经络理论进行研究.建立简化人体声波谐振腔模型和电磁谐振腔模型,求出体内简正波离散谱及其波长范围.还得到有意义的结论:1)组成人体各种微粒的声振动,在体内能量传递和能量转换的过程中充当重要角色;2)证明了体外电磁波的大部份能量分布于体表,这正是经络、腧穴分布于体表并能治病的原因;3)经气运行系统不同于循环系统和神经系统,经气主要由光子(电磁场量子)、声子(振动能量子)、少量电子和其它微观粒子组成,它的运行遵循量子规律,具有波粒二象性,不能单纯用轨道描述,也不会完全被限制于特定管道内,故其运动不需要特定管道,这正是数十年来实验上未找到与经络对应之管道的原因.     

波函数与薛定谔方程

本文论述了量子力学微观粒子行为由波函数描述,波函数具有统计意义,波函数由薛定谔方程解出,介绍了用定态薛定谔方程的基本方法和步骤。     

论实波函数与复波函数

由描述微观体系实物微粒运动的波动方程解得的波函数有实函数和复函数两种形式.本文通过组合、互换,说明它们既有区别又有密切联系的微妙实况,以及在处理具体问题时对它们如何择取.     

波函数及其在稀土离子晶场参数从头计算中的应用

量子力学主要研究微观粒子及其运动规律,波函数是其中一个非常基础且重要的概念。本文在简要介绍波函数概念的基础上,重点阐述其在物理学特别是在稀土离子晶场参数从头计算中的应用。通过铈离子掺杂发光材料体系计算实例的展示加强量子力学初学者对波函数概念的理解,并激发他们对量子力学课程学习的兴趣。     

由微观电磁场方程组求得宏观电磁场方程组的方法

洛伦茲电子论是从物质的原子构造的观点出发,来解释介质的宏观电磁现象的理论。从这一观点出发,我们把介质看作由许多带电的微粒所组成,这些带电的微粒或者在空间自由运动,或者组成复杂的原子和分子,在这些微粒之间尚存在着广阔的空间。此时,我们可以把描写这个空间的电磁场方程式写出来,它们是     

量子力学中常见题型的解法

由于微观客体具有波粒二象性,因此我们用波函数来描述微观系统的状态。但波函数本身不是可观测量,必须引人另一个重要概念--算符,用它表示量子力学中的力学量。力学量算符与波函数是量子力学的核心概念,也是我们学习的重点内容。为了帮助学员更好地学习这部分内容,下面讲解几个例题。栖11M子太一堆势场中运动,求粒子的能级和对应的波函数。解已知粒子在一维无限深势映现在将原点移到势饼中央,令例2设粒子处于范围在［0,a］的一维无限深势附中,状态用波函数一（x）一百二sin"'"'"'"'"M"工工。。4H描述,求粒子…     

既然原子像细胞一样彼此分隔开，那么分隔原子的物质是什么？难道有一层“原子膜”吗？

A：原子与细胞有很大的区别。细胞从本质上说是由原子构成的，形成一个独立的生命基本单元。原子由电子和原子核组成，外围电子由电磁相互作用束缚在原子核周围。对于这样的一个束缚体系，现在人们已经能借助量子力学给出较好的理解。在量子力学中，电子的行为由电子的波函数（概率密度分布）描述。电子只能处在不连续的能级之上，而不同能级的波函数反映了电子出现在空间不同位置的概率。     

德布罗意驻波及ψ波函数的物理实质

本文在平直时空中引导出一个新的引力理论,即物质场理论,使引力容易与电磁场及量子力学相联系.根据物质场理论得出物质场驻波方程及其驻波解.物质场驻波从理论上再现了德布罗意对基本粒子驻波的预言,其相波可作为ψ波函数的一种新解释.物质场驻波方程的球坐标解,得出物质场驻波不同的振动模式,反映出各种基本粒子的存在方式.     

均匀磁场中带电粒子几率密度的经典极限

从均匀磁场中带电子粒子的经典轨道运动出发,分别在朗道规范和对称规范下对经典轨道的初始参数求平均,得到均匀系综的密度分布。这分布与经典极限下带电粒子的量子力学几率密度相同。由此得出均匀磁场中带电粒子波函数在经典极限下不是描述单个粒子而是描述一个系综的结论。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the