纳米Pd/TiO2复合型农药的吸附和降解的QCM研究

采用压电石英微天平(QCM)技术研究了有机农药甲基对硫磷在经钯(Palladium)掺杂和软脂酸(PalmicAcid)改性前后的纳米TiO2上的吸附和降解行为.研究表明Pd和PA均能提高纳米TiO2对非极性有机农药的吸附量,复合纳米TiO2和Pd/TiO2的最大吸附量Г∞分别为6.18×10-4mol/g和7.54×10-4mol/g,吸附常数k分别为5.72×103L/mol和1.79×103L/mol.光降解和毒力实验结果表明复合纳米TiO2和Pd/TiO2农药制剂可在太阳光照下自行降解,在农作物体内的残留期大大地缩短,且复合纳米TiO2和Pd/TiO2农药制剂的毒力有明显的提高,5%的纳米TiO2和Pd/TiO2乳液的毒力分别是95%原药毒力的1.68倍和2.19倍.     

硬脂酸修饰铁掺杂TiO2纳米微粒制备及光催化性能

采用微乳法制备了铁掺杂TiO2和硬脂酸修饰铁掺杂TiO2纳米微粒,利用红外光谱、XRD等对结构进行表征.以0#柴油为含油模拟废水,对硬脂酸修饰铁掺杂TiO2的制备条件及光催化降解性能进行研究.结果表明,铁掺杂TiO2的光催化活性大于纯TiO2,铁最佳掺杂量为质量分数0.4％.硬脂酸修饰铁掺杂TiO2纳米微粒最佳修饰条件为,在超声波下温度30℃,时间40 min,硬脂酸与铁掺杂TiO2的质量分数6％.硬脂酸修饰铁掺杂TiO2纳米微粒催化降解含油废水效果最佳.     

乙酰丙酮铁配合物对纳米二氧化钛表面改性

通过吸附法用乙酰丙酮铁配合物对纳米TiO2进行表面改性,以光催化降解甲基橙为探针反应,在紫外光照条件下考察了配合物含量、吸附温度、溶剂用量、吸附时间等改性条件对纳米TiO2催化活性的影响。研究表明,用乙酰丙酮铁改性纳米TiO2非常有效。当w[Fe（acac）3/TiO2]为0．25％,吸附温度为60℃,溶剂用量为乙醇／TiO2等于29mL·g^-1,吸附1．5h时,改性后的纳米TiO2催化活性比改性前有了很大的提高。即使在普通白炽灯光照条件下,改性催化剂仍然显示出很高的光催化活性,明显优于非改性的纯TiO2。改性纳米TiO2经过IR、XRD、UV—Vis、荧光分析表征。     

纳米二氧化钛对尿素酶活性的增强效应

分别用粒径为5 nm,25 nm和2.4μm的TiO2吸附尿素酶。在35℃,pH为7的条件下采用电位法测定吸附在TiO2上的尿素酶的活性变化。基于纳米TiO2膜的pH响应,制备尿素酶/纳米TiO2复合膜电极。研究结果表明：纳米TiO2对尿素酶的活性有明显的增强效应,其游离酶及TiO2（粒径分别为5 nm,25 nm和2.4μm）固载酶的米氏常数分别为0.45,0.22,0.28和0.31 mol/L。该复合电极对尿素的检测范围为8.5×10^-5-0.15 mol/L,相关系数为0.993 73,检出限为5×10^-6 mol/L,其使用寿命在35 d后仍能维持38%。     

改性TiO2的制备及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同掺铁量的改性纳米Ti02光催化剂,用XRD表征了其结构特征,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,评价了改性后纳米TiO2的光催化性能。结果：掺铁质量分数为0.03％的TiO2光催化活性最高;当甲基橙的初始浓度为16mg／L、掺铁0.03％TiO2的投加量为1.2g／L、pH值为3时,40w紫外灯照射210min,甲基橙的去除率高达95％以上。     

TiO2/活性炭复合纳米纤维膜吸附亚甲基蓝的动力学

聚丙烯腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和钛酸四丁脂水解溶胶的混合液通过静电纺丝、预氧化、炭化、活化制备TiO2/活性炭复合纳米纤维膜.基于静态吸附试验,考察了不同TiO2/活性炭复合纳米纤维膜投加量、亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度、温度、pH值条件下,TiO2/活性炭复合纳米纤维膜对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,并用Langmuir等温吸附方程、Freundlich等温吸附方程、准一级动力学方程,准二级动力学方程、颗粒内扩散方程进行了拟合,结果表明,Freundlich经验公式、准二级动力学方程能较好地描述TiO2/活性炭复合纳米纤维膜对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为.研究表明,吸附量随温度升高而增加,吸附效率受颗粒内扩散影响.无论是紫外光还是太阳光照射,TiO2/活性炭复合纳米纤维膜都具有很好的光催化再生性能.     

纳米TiO2复合涂层的制备及其对LY12铝合金的防护性能影响

为了改善铝合金材料的耐腐蚀性能,研究了以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为主要原料,加入一定量的-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550),并引入纳米TiO2进行复合,以冰乙酸为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法在铝合金基体表面形成复合涂层,并利用氟硅烷进行表面修饰。腐蚀电化学测试分析结果表明,纳米TiO2掺杂制备的复合涂层能够明显的提高铝合金基体的防护性能。并考察了纳米TiO2含量对涂层性能的影响,结果表明,在纳米TiO2质量分数为0.04%时制备的涂层性能最佳,相应的试样在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电流密度约为5.965×10 9 A/cm2,而同等实验条件下铝合金基体腐蚀电流密度为7.216×10 5 A/cm2,涂层的存在使腐蚀速率降低了4个数量级,说明涂层对铝合金基体具有显著的防护效果,并且利用扫描电镜(SEM)和接触角测试来考察涂层的致密性和憎水性。     

纳米二氧化钛的复合改性

采用有机改性剂硬脂酸钠和山梨醇处理纳米二氧化钛,通过正交实验讨论改性剂浓度、改性剂用量、改性时间、改性剂配比和改性温度等因素对亲油化度、活化度和沉降体积的影响。得出最佳改性条件为:改性剂浓度0.06mol/L,改性剂用量0.003mol/10gTiO2,改性时间70m in,改性剂配比(硬脂酸钠∶山梨醇)3∶2,改性温度80℃。在此条件下改性后的二氧化钛亲油化度为9.42%,活化度高达97.39%,沉降体积低于0.90mL/g,二氧化钛的分散性有明显的改进。     

复合触变剂对高填充环氧树脂流变性能的影响

采用旋转流变仪测定η-γ流变曲线,以触变指数为表征量,并结合正交试验方法,研究了有机-无机复合触变剂(聚酰胺改性氢化蓖麻油、纳米有机蒙脱土和纳米SiO_2)的质量配比与质量添加量对高填充氧树脂a、b两组分流变性能的影响.结果表明,环氧a组分中复合触变剂Ⅰ的最佳质量配比为聚酰胺改性氢化蓖麻油∶纳米有机蒙脱土∶纳米SiO_2=4∶4∶3,最佳质量添加量为2%;环氧b组分中复合触变剂Ⅱ的最佳质量配比为聚酰胺改性氢化蓖麻油∶纳米有机蒙脱土∶纳米SiO_2=10∶15∶2,最佳质量添加量为3%.     

去除水体中F~-和SO_4~(2-)的吸附材料

选择火山渣、骨炭、粉煤灰和锰砂为吸附材料,考察其去除水体中F-和SO2-4的性能,并将火山渣和骨炭进行改性,研究其改性后的动力学规律.结果表明:火山渣和骨炭对F-的吸附量分别为0.092,0.041mg/g,对SO2-4的吸附量分别为5.72,3.99mg/g;粉煤灰和锰砂对F-的吸附量均低于0.020mg/g,均未吸附SO2-4;Al2(SO4)3可作为改性剂;经质量分数为10%的Al2(SO4)3联合热改性后火山渣对F-的最大吸附量为0.099mg/g;经质量分数为10%的Al2(SO4)3化学改性后火山渣对SO2-4的最大吸附量为5.93mg/g;二者动力学吸附规律均符合准二级方程.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.