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1.
目的根据超声导波在管道结构径向能量密度分布,选择导波最佳模态和频率,提出一种基于能量密度的超声导波层状管道结构损伤检测方法.方法根据能量密度表达式,采用数值分析软件Matlab绘制频厚积-能量密度曲线,并将能量密度曲线与频散曲线相对比,验证其有效性.结果频厚积范围2 160~3 240 kHz·mm,L(0,6)模态适合作为层状管道结构的损伤检测的超声导波,其具有清晰的缺陷回波和边界反射回波,而且能量密度曲线与频散曲线趋势一致.结论基于能量密度法能够实现不同目的超声导波层状管道结构损伤检测,且效果良好.  相似文献   

2.
研究传感器布置对导波沿薄壁金属管道的频散特性、模态转换和缺陷定位的影响规律。其步骤为:首先,采用ANSYS软件建立薄壁小直径的无缺陷管道和缺陷管道有限元模型;采用瞬态动力学分析方法,对管道端部周向各节点施加轴向瞬时位移载荷,模拟超声传感器激发L(0,2)模态波;根据脉冲-回波信号的时间历程曲线,定义回波分辨率、反射系数。其次,分析缺陷的轴向位置精度以及4种传感器布置方案对导波频散、模态转换、周向定位和反射系数的影响。研究结果表明:增加传感器数量可有效抑制弯曲模态和导波频散的发生,并增强回波信号的幅值;当传感器数量小于4个时,难以对裂纹缺陷进行周向定位;反射系数随传感器数量的增加呈线性增大。  相似文献   

3.
将时间反转方法用于管道缺陷超声导波检测时,可实现导波能量在缺陷处的时间—空间聚焦,但需进一步研究该方法对沿轴向、周向扩张通透裂纹的检测规律.采用数值时反方法观察了管中导波能量聚焦过程,研究了时反前、后缺陷回波反射系数随通透裂纹扩张过程的变化规律.结果表明,当裂纹张角较小时,时反后的缺陷回波反射系数相对于时反前增大较大,随着裂纹张角的扩张,时反前、后缺陷回波反射系数逐渐趋于相等;当裂纹轴向长度从λ/100增大至λ过程中,时反后的缺陷回波反射系数是时反前的5—8倍,且最大、小值出现规律一致.  相似文献   

4.
自由锚杆中超声导波的最优激发波研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了选择自由锚杆中超声导波的最优激发波,利用组装的超声导波无损检测系统,用R6和R3组成不同组合的探头对1.3 m的自由锚杆进行了40~100 kHz频率导波测试,周期为1~5.结果表明,最佳探头组合是R6-R6,最优激发波周期为5,最佳测试波频率范围为40~50 kHz;再用R6-R6组合5个周期激发波在40~50 kHz频率范围进行检测,确定最优激发波频率为45 kHz.结果与理论分析基本吻合,可为锚固锚杆和缺陷检测提供依据.  相似文献   

5.
采用时频分析方法,研究导波在金属管道中频散特征与缺陷尺寸间的映射关系。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,采用单元生死法建立9组不同周向尺寸和径向深度缺陷的管道模型,用脉冲-回波的方法模拟L(0,2)模态波对管道的激励;基于Gabor变换和导波频散特性,提取缺陷回波时间、反射系数等特征参数。研究结果表明:管道裂纹缺陷的轴向定位误差为1.48%;缺陷处的反射系数较大,且反射系数随着损伤程度的变大而增大。  相似文献   

6.
为满足焊缝快速高效无损检测需要,并提高超声导波对焊缝缺陷的灵敏度,研究高频下的焊缝导波模态尤为重要。基于COMSOL软件建立了二维对接焊缝半解析有限元模型,通过数值模拟与分析发现,频率大于300 kHz时焊缝中SH_(w1)模态几乎无频散、泄露小,适合于长距离快速焊缝检测。通过试验验证了SH_(w1)模态导波在对接焊缝中的传播特性,确定了最佳激励频率范围为320~360 kHz;并对焊缝中直径为3 mm的预置孔洞缺陷实现了检测,定位精度高于2.5%。  相似文献   

7.
针对钢管非接触式扭转导波检测的需求,基于Wiedemann效应设计了一种新型导波传感器,该传感器由永磁铁、回折线圈和屏蔽层组成.首先,采用ANSYS仿真软件研究了钢管中静态偏置磁场分布,并分析了传感器的工作原理,通过实验验证了传感器在钢管中激励和接收扭转导波的可行性.然后,分析了检测信号中噪声信号的产生原因,利用铜皮作为屏蔽层对回折线圈轴向段激励产生的周向动态磁场进行屏蔽,提高了检测信号的信噪比.接着,通过实验研究了传感器的频率特性,结果表明传感器的最佳激励频率与回折线圈的设计频率一致.最后,将传感器应用于钢管缺陷检测,结果表明该传感器能够识别出横截面积损失3%的周向刻槽缺陷.  相似文献   

8.
用一个内充水、外覆水层的横向各向同性柱壳模拟长骨,将环状声源置于长骨外流体层中,数值模拟和分析导波的群速度和激发强度,并考察各向异性参数及长骨内半径对导波频散和激发强度的影响.结果表明:当长骨从各向同性变为横向各向同性时,高阶纵向导波的群速度峰值明显增大;当各向异性参数ε减小时,高阶纵向导波的群速度峰值明显减小,且群速度曲线向低频区域移动;当各向异性参数δ减小时,高阶纵向导波的群速度峰值明显增大;当长骨内半径增加,在低频50kHz附近时,最低阶纵向导波L01的群速度明显减小,激发强度明显增强;最低阶和第二阶纵向导波模式可分别用于检测长骨的厚度变化及各向异性特征.  相似文献   

9.
目的绘制层状管道结构导波的频散曲线,提出一种利用压电超声导波层状管道结构损伤识别方法.方法利用Navier方程及边界条件建立频散方程并进行数值求解,分别绘制出空管和充液两种情况下的导波频散曲线.为了验证理论分析结果,利用压电导波试验方法,对一个长2 m的层状空管和层状充液管道中的人工周向缺陷进行识别.结果导波的频散和衰减程度较弱的L(0,1)模态适合于层状充液管道中的损伤识别.随着导波频率的增加,频散效应逐渐增加,损伤识别能力也逐渐下降.对于充液管道,导波能量会通过液体中传播,降低损伤识别的精度.结论在对层状充液管道进行损伤识别时,应根据频散、衰减和导波结构等传播特性选取合适的纵向模态.利用压电导波进行层状管道结构损伤识别是十分有效的.  相似文献   

10.
研究了导波在任意梯度分布功能梯度板的频散特性.假设板的上、下表面满足应力自由边界条件,且材料参数沿板厚方向按同一函数规律变化.将功能梯度板分成若干子层,并假设各子层的材料常数均相同,以此构造带状单元.运用哈密尔顿原理,推导出导波在板中传播的特征值问题.通过求解该特征值问题,得到导波的频散特性.最后通过算例验证了本文提出方法的正确性,同时也讨论了材料参数沿板厚方向为余弦函数分布时,不同梯度参数及分层数对频散特性的影响.本文提出的方法不仅能得到导波的实频散特性,还能获得复频散特性.  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

14.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

15.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

16.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

17.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

18.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

19.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

20.
The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for "third generation" DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of "Nanopore Analysis", with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.  相似文献   

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