铁皮石斛多糖的分离纯化及其结构研究

采用DEAE-52阴离子交换柱色谱法以及Sephadex G-100凝胶柱色谱法对铁皮石斛粗多糖进行分离纯化,得到4个不同相对分子质量(Mw)纯多糖组分(DOP1、DOP2、DOP3和DOP4)。运用柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)法和傅立叶红外光谱对其单糖组成、纯度和相对分子质量以及结构中单糖连接方式进行分析。研究结果表明:分离得到的4种铁皮石斛多糖的GPC色谱图均呈现为单一狭窄的对称峰,表明多糖纯度很高且均一性很好。单糖组成测定结果显示其主要为D-甘露糖和D-葡萄糖组成杂多糖,但D-甘露糖和D-葡萄糖的摩尔比在4种多糖中有一定差异性。红外光谱结果表明这四个多糖均为β-构型为主的酸性吡喃糖。研究结果可为今后铁皮石斛多糖活性和构效关系的研究奠定基础。     

百里香挥发性成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取，同时采用毛细管气相色谱．质谱联用法对百里香的挥发性化学成分进行了分析研究，经毛细管色谱分离出81多个峰，并且确认了所含的68种化合物．用气相色谱面积归一法测定了各成分的相对百分含量，其主要化学成分为：百里酚(36．08％)、1．甲基-3-(1．甲基乙基)苯(12．11％)、7，11-二甲基．1，6，10-十二三烯(6．88％)、2-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙基)-苯酚(4．86％)、桉油醇(4．21％)、1．甲氧基-4-甲基-2-(1-甲基)苯(3．78％)等，为进一步开发利用提供了科学依据．     

白阿魏菇菌丝体多糖分离纯化工艺的优化和结构分析

对白阿魏菇菌丝体多糖的提取和纯化进行了优化设计，粗多糖经DEAE—cellulose及SephadexG-100柱层析，纯化得纯多糖(PNMP)，该多糖经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，SephadexG-100柱层析和紫外光谱分析鉴定纯度；通过红外光谱，气相色谱对PNMP进行组分分析；再用高碘酸氧化，Smith降解和测硫酸基法来鉴定其化学结构．结果表明，白阿魏菇菌丝体多糖提取最佳工艺为，用水浸提3h，pH7．O，温度90℃，搅拌，料水比为1／15，浸提2次，醇析浓度70％；蛋白质去除中，V氯仿：V正丁醇=2：V样品：V氯仿-正丁醇=2：1，萃取时间为40min，得粗多糖CPNMP，纯度为59．2％；在结构分析中，纯多糖(PNMP)纯度为83．22％，硫酸基含量为7．5％；该多糖至少由半乳糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖等组成，糖苷键连接方式为1→3，1→6。     

海洋药物羊栖菜中单糖的毛细管色谱分离研究

本文首次报道了采用毛细管气相色谱法和气相色谱－质谱法分析羊栖菜中单糖的组成。结果表明羊栖菜中含有D－木糖、D－半乳糖、L－山梨糖、葡萄糖、D－甘露糖、异木糖、阿杜糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸内脂等八种单糖,百分含量在1．16％－39．9％之间。     

香菇多糖分离纯化及结构表征

采用水体醇沉法得香菇多糖粗品，再通过分级醇沉及Sephadex G-200葡聚糖凝胶进一步分离纯化得到香菇多糖；用硫酸苯酚法测定香菇多糖含量，采用分子排阻色谱法测定香菇多糖分子量，用糖腈乙酸酯柱前衍生化-气相色谱法测定单糖组成，红外光谱(IR)测定多糖结构，结果显示：香菇多糖初次提取纯化的两个组分由β糖苷键岩藻聚糖构成，相对分子量分别为9.5×10⁴和1.7×10⁴.二次提取纯化多糖组分1由岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖组成(3.6∶1.3∶1.2∶9.2∶63.3∶21.4),相对分子量4.2×10⁴,以α糖苷键链接；组分2由岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖组成(10.7∶1.5∶0.6∶14.2∶25.4∶47.5),相对分子量1.5×10⁴,以β糖苷键链接.香菇多糖结构复杂，其化学结构与生物活性密切相关，通过对香菇多糖的分离纯化和结构表征，可为获取高活性多糖、提升多糖在食品和药品中的应用价值提供科学依据.     

宁夏固原百里香挥发油化学成分的GC-MS研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取宁夏固原百里香挥发油，利用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对其化学成分进行了分析鉴定，共鉴定出31种组分．用归-化法对各成分进行定量，含量最高的4种组分为香荆芥酚(28．54％)，1-甲基-3-异丙基苯(22．77％)，百里香酚(11．45％)和1-甲基-4-异丙基-1，4-环己二烯(9．78％)，31种组分共占挥发油总量的98．33％．     

坛紫菜多糖的分离纯化和结构分析(Ⅱ)

对广东产坛紫菜沸水提取多糖采用Sevag法脱蛋白 ,冻干后得粗多糖 ,得率为 8%.在粗多糖溶液中加入CTAB以沉淀除去酸性多糖PP1,超滤以纯化中性多糖PP2 ,PP2经DEAE 纤维素、葡聚糖凝胶G2 0 0进一步纯化 .经纸层析、凝胶过滤及紫外光谱分析鉴定为纯品 .通过红外光谱、气相色谱对PP2进行组成分析 ,再用化学方法测定其总糖 ,3,6 内醚 L 半乳糖及硫酸基的含量 ,分别为 86 .33%、5.4 2 5%和 12 .2 %.最后通过高碘酸氧化 ,Smith降解等方法测定PP2的化学结构 ,结果表明 ,PP2由半乳糖、3,6 内醚 L 半乳糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、木糖和阿拉伯糖组成 ,具有α ,β型糖苷键 ,连接方式有 (1→ 3)、(1→ 4 )、(1→ 2 ) 3种 .PP1分子量通过凝胶过滤法初步测得为 16 .2万左右 .     

厦门及周边地区产10种食用菌的脂类研究

对厦门及周边地区产的黑木耳、鲍鱼菇、平菇、香菇、草菇、茶树菇、鸡腿菇、金针菇、蘑菇和姬松茸(子实体和菌丝体)的10种食用菌样品中的脂肪进行了测定，并采用气相色谱方法分析了样品中的脂肪酸组成及其含量．测定结果表明：这些食用菌的粗脂肪含量在1％-5％之间，其中姬松茸子实体最高(约5．4％)，最低者为黑木耳(约0．7％)．脂类中共有10种脂肪酸组成得到了确认，但在含量及饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸比值上存在着较大的差别．其中又以棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸等为主要脂肪酸，其余的则明显较少．这些为从不同角度探讨对上述食用菌的利用提供了实验依据．     

气相色谱法分析大麻药多糖成分中单糖组成

为研究大麻药多糖成分中单糖的组成,用3 mol·L-1三氟乙酸将大麻药多糖水解成单糖,再与盐酸羟胺进行衍生化反应,用气相色谱法分析了其单糖组成,结果表明:鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、果糖、葡萄糖、阿洛糖和半乳糖为大麻药多糖成分中的单糖组成,其质量分数依次为15.86%,20.37%,6.62%,14.24%,8.38%和14.15%.此方法简便、快速,重现性好,可用于大麻药多糖成分中单糖的组成分析.     

神府烟煤和黄天棉褐煤的快速热解

用电加热金属丝网技术研究了文题。用冷阱(-196℃)捕集CO_2、CO、CH_4、C_2H_4和C-2H_6等气相组成,由气相色谱测定各气相组分析出率。考察了保温加热和脉冲加热时,挥发分析出率和各气相组成析出率随温度变化的规律。根据总包单反应模型,计算了升温过程中总挥发分析出和各气相组成析出的动力学参数。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.