A520体系气体分子吸附机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了CO₂、N₂、H₂O、二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷在A520中的吸附位点、吸附构型和吸附能。结果表明,A520中气体的吸附位点主要有两类,对不同的气体有不同的吸附构型。A520对CO₂、N₂、H₂O、二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷气体的最大吸附能分别为-31.69 kJ·mol^-1、-22.33 kJ·mol^-1、-68.59 kJ·mol^-1、-43.35 kJ·mol^-1和-41.62 kJ·mol^-1。从吸附能与A520的结构关系分析得出引入含氧官能团有利于水与MOFs的吸附作用,MOFs孔道大小与客体分子的分子动力学直径相近有利于增强客体分子与MOFs的吸附作用。     

CHx(x=2~4)在Co(111)表面吸附的DFT研究

采用密度泛函理论与周期平板模型相结合的方法,对物种CHx(x=2~4)在Co(111)表面的top,fcc,hcp和bridge位的吸附模型进行了结构优化、能量计算,得到了各物种较有利的吸附位;并对最佳吸附位进行密立根电荷和总态密度分析.结果表明：CH4和CH3在Co(111)表面的最稳定吸附位都是top位,吸附能分别是-60.35和-227.61 kJ·mol-1,而CH2在Co(111)表面的最稳定吸附位hcp的吸附能是-440.52 kJ·mol-1;三物种与金属表面作用都较强,且有电荷转移,属于化     

C2Hx（x=4～6）在Co（111）表面吸附的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论与周期平板模型相结合的方法,对物种C2Hx(x=4～6)在Co(111)表面的top、hcp、fcc和bridge位的吸附模型进行了结构优化、能量计算,得到了各物种较有利的吸附位;并对最佳吸附位进行密立根电荷和总态密度分析.结果表明:C2H6和C2H5在Co(111)表面的最稳定吸附位都是bridge位,吸附能分别是-89.39和-243.98 kJ.mol-1,而C2H4在Co(111)表面的最稳定吸附位top的吸附能是-128.22 kJ.mol-1;三物种与金属表面作用都较强,且有电荷转移,属于化学吸附.     

Cu(111)面上原子扩散势垒的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)结合平板周期模型方法,对Cu在Cu(111)表面fcc洞位、hcp洞位的吸附模型进行了几何优化,并用从fcc洞位到hcp洞位过渡态计算的方法,研究了Cu在Cu(111)表面的扩散势垒.通过对不同基底层数、不同表面弛豫层数、不同覆盖率的比较,得到基底层数为4层、表面弛豫1层、覆盖率为1/4ML(monolayer)时,Cu在Cu(111)表面的扩散势垒和实验结果吻合得较好.在此基础上,计算了Fe、Ni、Co等磁性原子在Cu(111)表面的扩散势垒.     

密度泛函理论研究CO、CO+H在Ni(111)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了CO以及CO+H体系在金属Ni(111)表面的吸附行为.采用二维平板周期性结构模型来模拟金属Ni(111)表面,消除了团簇结构模型不能考虑体系边界效应的影响,更接近于真实金属表面.对CO在Ni(111)表面的吸附过程进行探究,结果表明:CO在不同的表面活性位吸附后C—O键不同程度被削弱;通过对吸附能以及吸附后C—O键长和C—O伸缩振动频率分析,发现顶位(top)、桥位(bridge)、六方密堆积三重穴位(hcp)和面心立方三重穴位(fcc)都以C端靠近表面的垂直吸附为稳定状态,均为非解离吸附,其中fcc与hcp两空穴位吸附性质几乎相同,为CO的最佳活性位.研究CO与氢(H)在Ni(111)表面的吸附过程的结果表明:部分CO通过双基端加H生成中间物种—OCH和—COH,C—O键很大程度被削弱,较不加H吸附时的C—O键更容易在活性位断裂,因而以金属Ni(111)表面做催化剂的情况下H的加入有助于CO的解离.     

甲醛在Ir(111)面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论对甲醛在Ir(111)表面top,bridge,fcc和hcp位的吸附模型进行了构型优化和振动频率分析。结果表明,甲醛在Ir(111)表面的最稳定的吸附构型是O原子和C原子分别与各自最邻近的Ir原子成键,整个甲醛分子像座桥搭在这两个Ir原子的上方,C-O键与Ir原子表面法线呈86.0°的倾角。该稳定的吸附构型为η~1-C-η~1-O构型,吸附能大小为0.78e V。通过对比吸附前后甲醛的振动频率,发现吸附后-CH2的对称与反对称伸缩振动频率均发生了蓝移,而C-O键的振动频率发生红移,说明了吸附过程中CH_2O的C-O键被活化。     

NO在Pt掺杂Rh(111)表面吸附的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论与周期性平板模型相结合的方法,对NO在Rh(111)表面top、fcc、hcp、bridge4个吸附位和Rh-Pt(111)表面Rh-top、Pt-top、RhRh-bridge、Rh Pt-bridge、Pt Pt-bridge、Rh2Pt-hcp、Rh Pt2-hcp、Rh2Pt-fcc、Rh Pt2-fcc 9个吸附位的13种吸附模型进行了构型优化、能量计算,得到了NO较有利的吸附位;并对最佳吸附位进行总态密度分析.结果表明:NO在Rh(111)和Rh-Pt(111)表面的最稳定吸附位分别为Rh-top和Pt-top位,其吸附能的大小顺序为Ph(111)Rh-Pt(111);NO与金属表面成键,属于化学吸附.     

一维链结构的铜配位聚合物{［Cu2(BPIPH)(C5H5N)2(H2O)］·3H2O}n的合成与表征

采用溶液法合成具有一维链结构的铜配位聚合物{［Cu₂(BPIPH)(C₅H₅N)₂(H₂O)］·3H₂O}_n(H₄BPIPH=二丙酮酸缩间苯二甲酰腙,C₁₄H₁₄N₄O₆).研究结果表明:该化合物属正交晶系;空间群为Pccn;晶胞参数为a=1.694 21(8)nm,b=2.485 80(11)nm,c=1.372 05(8)nm,V=5.778 3(5)nm³,Z=8,D_c=1.581 g·cm^-3,μ=1.536 mm^-1,F(000)=2 816,R₁=0.043 0,w_R2=0.090 6;该标题配合物是由2个中心Cu(Ⅱ)原子,1个BPIPH^4-配体,1个配位水分子,2个吡啶分子和3个游离水分子组成;双核铜配合物分子之间通过BPIPH^4-配体中羧酸根的桥联作用,将化合物连接成一维链状结构.     

H2O,(H2O)2和H2SO4在ClONO2+H2O→HNO3+HClO反应中的催化机制理论研究

硝酸氯(ClONO₂)是大气平流层中氯的主要来源.尽管已有研究对ClONO₂气相水解反应进行了广泛的研究,但H₂O,(H₂O)₂和H₂SO₄存在下的水解反应机理尚不清楚.基于此,文中采用量子化学方法CCSD(T)-F12/ccp VDZ-F12//M06-2X/6-311++G(2df,2pd)结合主方程(ME/RRKM)理论对H₂O,(H₂O)2和H₂SO₄存在下ClONO₂水解反应机理和动力学性质进行了研究.计算结果表明,H₂O,(H₂O)₂和H₂SO4的加入不仅使得反应前中间体的稳定化能增加了29.7～47.7 kJ·mol^-1,而且使反应能垒降低了143.8～175.6 kJ·mol^-1....     

原位还原第四周期过渡金属盐催化氨硼烷水解产氢研究

该文探究了原位还原第四周期过渡金属盐(FeCl₂、CoCl₂、NiCl₂、CuCl₂和ZnCl₂)催化氨硼烷水解产氢性能,发现它们催化氨硼烷水解产氢活性由高至低依次为CuCl₂>CoCl₂>NiCl₂>FeCl₂>ZnCl₂,这些盐催化氨硼烷水解产氢速率与它们及其相应金属组成电对的标准还原电极电势呈近似线性关系,这说明标准还原电势越高,相应金属盐越易被还原为金属,对应金属催化剂催化氨硼烷水解产氢的活性越高.在原位还原CuCl₂、CoCl₂和NiCl₂催化剂中分别存在金属Cu、Co和Ni物相,催化氨硼烷水解产氢速率较快.原位还原CoCl₂、NiCl₂和CuCl₂催化氨硼烷水解产氢的最佳搅拌速率分别为210、480和210 r·min^-1,最佳用量分别为0.001 0、0.000 5和0.002 0 mol,转化频率(T_OF)分别为104.9 mol H₂·mol^-1Co·min^-1、21.6 mol H₂·mol^-1Ni·min^-1和217.2 mol H₂·mol^-1Cu·min^-1.动力学计算结果表明原位还原CoCl₂、NiCl₂和CuCl₂催化氨硼烷水解产氢的活化能分别为35、65和6 kJ·mol^-1.原位还原CoCl₂催化剂具有磁性,易与反应液分离,且团聚不明显,循环使用性能显著优于原位还原的CuCl₂.     

Investigation of performances and mechanism of fluoride removal by Fe (III)-loaded ligand exchange cotton cellulose adsorbent

Novel adsorbent, Fe(III)-loaded ligand exchange cotton cellulose adsorbent [Fe(III)LECCA], was used to investigate the adsorption performances and mechanism of fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was found to adsorb fluoride rapidly and effectively. The fluoride removal was influenced by pH. Adsorption model followed first-order reaction at different temperature, theapparent adsorption activated energyE, was 6.37 kJ·mol⁻¹, and adsorption enthalpy ΔH was 5.35 kJ·mol⁻¹. The adsorption capacity of fluoride on adsorbent was 3.2 mmol·g⁻¹ (dry weight). The maximal integer coordination ratio of fluoride with Fe(III) LECCA was 3∶1. The ligand exchange mechanism of adsorption was elucidated through chemical methods and IR spectral analysis. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29977010) and Shanghai Priority Academic Discipline Biography: ZHAO Ya-ping (1974-), female, Ph.D., research direction: water and wastewater treatment.     

Growth mechanism of liquid Hg/solid β-HgS metal-semiconductor heterostructures

Density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to simulate the reactions occurred in the mixture solution of cysteine and Hg(II) ions with the ratio < 2. Simulation result shows that Hg ions will coordinate to cysteine by the thiol groups with the form of S–Hg₂ and S–Hg₃, and moreover, the content of free Hg ions can only be reduced by these two forms. OH^? plays an important role in the growth of β-HgS, because its nucleophilic substitution reaction supplies plenty of Hg–S–Hg radicals, which will be adsorbed onto the surface of liquid mercury ball and form the precursor of β-HgS(111) plane. Three valent bonds adsorption of Hg–S–Hg radicals onto the surface of Hg ball has more adsorption energy (?32.768 kcal mol^?1) than that of two valent bond adsorption (?20.882 kcal mol^?1). Hg balls will stop growing after completely covered with Hg–S–Hg radicals and their size will be limited. The growth direction of β-HgS is parallel to the “repelling” force, that is [111] direction in β-HgS lattice. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental observations, demonstrating that the DFT method can be taken as a very useful tool to interpret the solution reactions that cannot be solved by conventional methods.     

Adsorption of CO molecules on Rh low index and （331） stepped surfaces

The 5-parameter Morse potential (for short5-MP) of the interaction between C, O atom and Rh surfaceand the extended LEPS potential have been constructed, andthe adsorption and diffusion of CO molecules on Rh low in-dex surfaces and open rough Rh(331) stepped surface areinvestigated. This work puts forward the concept of vibra-tion dactylogram property for molecular adsorption states.The calculation results and the analysis of vibration dactylo-gram show that there exists the commonness in the adsorp-tion on Rh low index surfaces and Rh(331) stepped surface: with the increasing coverage, the top, bridge sites are ad-sorbed in perpendicularly in sequence, and the top sites arethe steady adsorption sites and the bridge sites are the next.On (100) surface, CO molecules obtain the eigenvibration of2009, 1946 cm^-1 on the top and bridge sites respectively andthe difference between the binding energy of above two sitesis 0.09 eV; on (110) surface, CO molecules obtain the eigen-vibration of 2019, 1961 cm^-1 respectively; on (111) surface,CO molecules on the top. bridge and hollow sites produce theeigenvibration of 2000, 1912, 1894 cm^-1 respectively, thebinding energies of the three sites decrease in turn and thediscrepancy between the top and bridge sites is 0.03 eV; on (331) surface, top and bridge sites between two equivalenttop sites are adsorbed in, and then obtain the eigenvibrationof 2018, 1987 cm^-1; 1969, 1927 cm^-1 respectively.     

超声波下酸化碘酸钾和亚硫酸钠反应的反应速率研究

分别测定在有超声波作用和在无超声波作用条件下 ,酸化碘酸钾 (KIO3 )和亚硫酸钠 (Na2 SO3 )反应的反应速率方程式及活化能 ,从而研究该反应的机理以及超声波在该反应中的作用 ,并确定反应的最佳条件。实验得出 ,超声波对该反应有一定的促进作用 ,但是这种促进作用只提高反应的速率常数和降低反应的活化能 ,并没有改变反应机理。在超声波功率为 30 0W时 ,反应的速率方程表示式为 :v =k·c1 0 9(KIO3 ) ·c1 0 0 (Na2 SO3 )·c1 0 8(H+ ) ,其中 :k =95 0 (mol-1·L) 2 ·s-1,活化能为 17 35kJ·mol-1。实验还得出 ,在温度为2 98K时 ,当KIO3 与Na2 SO3 的初始浓度比为 2∶5 ,H+ 的初始浓度为 0 0 4 2 8mol·L-1,超声功率为 30 0W时 ,反应速率为最快 ,即v =4 31× 10 -4mol·L-1·s-1)。     

LiNiPO4前驱体固相反应合成动力学及电容性能

以氢氧化锂、磷酸二氢铵和醋酸镍为原料,以聚乙二醇PEG-400为表面活性剂,采用前驱体固相活化法制备LiNiPO4纳米晶材料.固相制备过程的活化能E=81.08 kJ·mol-1,过程动力学为二维相界面扩散反应机理.前驱体生成LiNiPO4的反应符合界面反应指数成核机理,活化能E1=11.82 kJ·mol-1,指前因子lnA=13.82;LiNiPO4晶体生长过程具有较小的活化能E2=17.73 kJ·mol-1;Li3PO4转化反应和反应体系物系晶化过程符合二维相界面扩散反应机理,其是制备过程可控制的重要步骤.材料复合电极LiNiPO4+Nafion/C在0.5 mol·L-1H2SO4中具有典型的电容性能,电极比电容为214 F·g-1,经1 000次循环,电极电容量不但没有衰减反而略有增加,是潜在的电容器材料.     

GeLi62+团簇的结构及储氢性能研究

利用密度泛函B3LYP理论在6-311+G(d,p)基组水平上研究四价锗负离子经过6个一价锂正离子修饰后的结构和电子特征,并计算了H2分子在其表面的吸附行为,进而研究其储氢性能。结果表明,由6个Li离子修饰锗离子形成GeLi_6~(2+)团簇结构具有较高的动力学稳定性。GeLi_6~(2+)团簇表面最多能够有效吸附18个氢分子,其质量密度为24.10wt%。H2分子与GeLi_6~(2+)团簇的相互作用能量范围为2.14～4.004k Cal.mol-1。储氢性能研究表明GeLi_6~(2+)团簇在储氢领域有望具有良好的应用前景。     

拟线性分数阶高阶脉冲微分方程边值问题解的存在性

研究了以下一类拟线性分数阶高阶脉冲微分方程边值问题{Dq0+y(t)=A(t,y)y(t)+f(t,y(t),Φy(t),Ψy(t)),■t∈[0,1],q∈(n-1,n],y(i)(0)=0,Δy(i)|t=tk=0,1≤i≤n-2,k=1,2,…,p,Δy|t=tk=Ik(y(t k)),Δy(n-1)|t=tk=Jk(y(tk)),k=1,2,…,p,y(0)=y0+g(y),y(n-1)(1)=y1+∑m-2j=1bjy(n-1)(ξj)解的存在性。通过定义一个压缩映射并利用Banach不动点定理和Krasnoselskii's不动点定理,得到了边值问题存在唯一解和至少存在一个解的充分条件,最后分别给出一个例子来验证主要结果。     

Styrene polymerization catalyzed by nickel complexes bearing hydroxyindanone-iminate ligands

Activated by methylaluminoxane, mononuclear bis（hydroxyindanone-iminate）nickel complexes Ni[ArN=CC2H3（CH3）C6H2（R）O]2 （Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3, R=Me（1）, R=CI（2）, and R=H（3）） showed good activity for the styrene polymerization. The effect of many reaction parameters including the AI/Ni ratio, temperature, and reaction time on catalytic activities of catalytic systems and the molecular weights of the obrained polystyrene was ascertained. The highest activity of 1.34×10^5g（PS）·mol^-1（Ni）·h^-1 was obtained under the optimum reaction condition. The ^13C NMR spectra of the polymers revealed that the polymer was isotactic-rich atactic polystyrene. And the coordination mechanism was confirmed by the analyses of the polymer chain end-groups.     

Catalyst enhanced chemical vapor deposition of nano-particle nickel films on teflon surface

Films formed with nanosized nickel particles on teflon surface were prepared by means of catalyst enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CECVD) with Ni(dmg)₂, Ni(acac)₂, Ni(hfac)₂, Ni(TMHD)₂, and Ni(cp)₂ as precursors, and complexes Pd(hfac)₂, PdCl₂ and Pd(η ³-2-methylallyl)acac as catalyst under carrier gas (H₂). The film growth rate depends on the precursors and substrate temperature. The chemical value, purity and surface morphology of the Ni particle films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The films obtained were shiny with silvery color, and consisted of grains with a particle size of 50–140 nm. The Ni was metallic of which the purity was about 90%–95% from XPS analysis. SEM micrograph showed that the film had good morphology.      

Kinetic studies of the decomposition reaction of adducts of dinuclear Fe(Ⅱ)/O2

Kinetic studies of the decomposition reaction of dinuclear Fe(Ⅱ) adducts [Fe₂(N-Et-HPTB){O₂P(OPh)₂}](Cl- O₄)₂ (1) and [Fe₂(N-Et-HPTB) {O₂P(Ph)₂}] (ClO₄)₂ (2) with O₂ have been carried out at low temperature using UV-vis spectra. The decomposition reaction of Fe(Ⅱ)/O₂ adducts was first-order in the experimental conditions, and the activation parameters were obtained. ?H^¹ = 85.62 kJ·mol^-1, ?S¹ = 19.43 J·mol^-1·K^-1 for compound (1) and ?H^¹ = 97.97 kJ·mol^-1, ?S^¹ = 55.68 J·mol^-1·K^-1 for compound (2). These results are similar to those of dioxygen adducts of other metals complexes and natural enzymes such as methane mono- oxygenase (MMOH).