The base-scale entropy analysis of short-term heart rate variability signal

The complexity of heart rate variability (HRV) signal can reflect physiological functions and healthy status of heart system. Detecting complexity of the short-term HRV signal has an important practical meaning. We introduce the base-scale entropy method to analyze the complexity of time series. The advantages of our method are its simplicity, extremely fast calculation for very short data and anti-noise characteristic. For the well-known chaotic dynamical system- logistic map, it is shown that our complexity behaves similarly to Lyapunov exponents, and is especially effective in the presence of random Gaussian noise. This paper addresses the use of base-scale entropy method to 3 low-dimensional nonlinear deterministic systems. At last, we apply this idea to short-term HRV signal, and the result shows the method could robustly identify patterns generated from healthy and pathologic states, as well as aging. The base-scale entropy can provide convenience in practically applications.     

基于体震信号的心率测量方法

心脏向外泵血引起与心跳同步的身体的震动,产生体震信号,其规律与心率相关,可在脊椎轴上通过敏感的力传感器检测出来.体震信号微弱且易受干扰,针对此特点设计了传感器电路和信号处理电路,说明了检测方法.所获得的原始体震信号先经预处理去除噪声,再应用模极大值算法得到每个心动周期中的峰值点,最后求得心率.采集体震信号时,同步采集一路单通道心电信号作为基准,评价测量的准确性.实验结果表明,基于体震信号的心率测量方法获得了良好的效果.     

Multifractal mass exponent spectrum of complex physiological time series

Physiological signal belongs to the kind of nonstationary and time-variant ones. Thus, the nonlinear analysis methods may be better to disclose its characteristics and mechanisms. There have been plenty of evidences that physiological signal generated by complex self-regulated system may have a fractal structure. In this work, we introduce a new measure to characterize multifractality, the mass exponent spectrum curvature, which can disclose the complexity of fractal structure from total bending degree of the spectrum. This parameter represents the nonlinear superpositions of the discrepancies of fractal dimension from all adjacent points in the curve and therefore solves the problem of original parameters for not fully reflecting the information of entire subsets in the fractal structure. The evaluations of deterministic fractal system Cantor measure validate that it is completely effective in exploring the complexity of chaotic series, and is also not affected by nonstability of the signal as well as disturbances of the noises. We then apply it to the analysis of human heart rate variability (HRV) signals and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The experimental results show that this method can be better to discriminate cohorts under different physiological and pathological conditions. Compared with the indicator of singularity spectrum width, there are some improvements both on the computing efficiency and accuracy. Such conclusion may provide some valuable information for clinical diagnoses.     

胎儿心率时间序列的非线性混沌特性分析

根据胎儿心率（Fetal heart rate, FHR）信号属于短数据量时间序列的特点, 利用替代数据方法, 并结合判断混沌特性的特征量关联维、 最大李氏指数和复杂度对FHR信号进行分析. 结果表明, 两组FHR信号与依据两种零假设所产生的替代数据差别较大, FHR信号具有非线性成分, 由混沌特征量的判据S＞2可知, FHR信号具有非线性混沌特性.      

非线性经济系统的预警方法

给出确定经济系统非线性相关的两个判据：（ａ）关联积分与关联维数;（ｂ）ＢＤＳ统计,提出非线性ＡＲＣＨ（自回归条件异方差）预警方法和具有ＡＲＣＨ特征的警限界定算法,并对我国宏观经济的统计数据序列作了实证分析,结果表明：预测的可靠性和拟合优度好;ＡＲＣＨ预警方法引入时变条件方差使预报的置信区间能够与经济时间序列的波动程度相适应,从而使预警限更准确地反映实际状况。     

基于CEEMDAN-NAR-ARIMA组合模型的桥梁监测应变预测

提出了一种基于CEEMDAN-NAR-ARIMA的组合模型用以预测桥梁SHM监测应变数据。针对经典时间序列理论对模态混叠的数据无法有效预测的问题,采用了CEEMDAN方法对桥梁SHM应变监测数据进行了分解,并使用PE方法将分解得到的大量分量按照随机程度进行分类重组形成数个新数据序列,最后结合NAR动态神经网络和ARIMA模型分别对每个新数据序列进行预测并叠加得到了最终的预测值。将该方法用于上海市某座斜拉桥的SHM应变数据预测,结果表明,该方法相比于经典时间序列理论提高了预测的准确性,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

Multifractality in human heartbeat dynamics.

There is evidence that physiological signals under healthy conditions may have a fractal temporal structure. Here we investigate the possibility that time series generated by certain physiological control systems may be members of a special class of complex processes, termed multifractal, which require a large number of exponents to characterize their scaling properties. We report on evidence for multifractality in a biological dynamical system, the healthy human heartbeat, and show that the multifractal character and nonlinear properties of the healthy heart rate are encoded in the Fourier phases. We uncover a loss of multifractality for a life-threatening condition, congestive heart failure.     

适用于床垫式生理信号监测系统的信号处理方法

提出一种适用于床垫式生理信号监测系统的信号处理方法。首先对原始信号进行FFT分析, 以确定呼吸信号和心跳信号的频带范围。然后将原始信号分解为若干IMF (intrinsic mode function) 分量, 基于这些IMF分量在呼吸频带和心跳频带的能量分布情况, 选出合适的IMF分量, 重构呼吸信号和心跳信号。实验结果表明, 与多导睡眠仪相比, 该方法得到的呼吸率和心率的准确性都超过90%, 可以很好地提取呼吸和心跳信号。     

运用双向长短期记忆模型的心拍分类算法

为提高心拍的分类效果,研究基于双向长短期记忆(BiLSTM)模型的深度学习算法.首先,采用“双斜率”法对心电信号进行预处理;然后,设计自适应阈值对预处理后的心电信号进行QRS波定位,并依据R波波峰分割截取心拍;最后,采用BiLSTM模型的深度学习算法对获取的心拍形态进行分类.使用MIT-BIH心率失常数据库验证算法有效性,实验结果表明:文中算法对正常或束支传导阻滞(N)、室上性异常(S)、心室异常(V)、融合(F)类型的敏感性分别为98.56%,97.10%,93.33%,79.52%,特异性分别为98.38%,98.08%,98.54%,99.65%;与传统的支持向量机等方法相比,文中算法能够进一步提高心拍分类的正确率.     

Hybrid Model Based on Wavelet Decomposition for Electricity Consumption Prediction

The effective supply of electricity is the basis of ensuring economic development and people's normal life. It is difficult to store electricity, as leading to the production and consumption must be completed simultaneously. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately predict the demand for electricity consumption for the production planning of electricity and the normal operation of the society. In this paper, a hybrid model is constructed to predict the electricity consumption in China. The structural breaks test of monthly electricity consumption in China from January 2010 to December 2016 is carried out by using the structural breaks unit root test. Based on the existence of structura breaks, the electricity consumption data are decomposed into low-frequency and high-frequency components by wavelet model, and the separated low frequency signal and high frequency signal are predicted by autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) and nonlinear autoregressive neural network(NAR), respectively. Therefore the wavelet-ARIMA-NAR hybrid model is constructed. In order to compare the effect of the hybrid model, the structural time series(STS) model is applied to predicting the electricity consumption. The results of prediction error test show that the hybrid model is more accurate for electricity consumption prediction.     

Research progress in nonlinear analysis of heart electric activities

1INTRODUCTION THE WORLD IS NONLINEAR,AND THE HUMAN LIFE ACTIVITY IS ALSO NONLINEAR.FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF SYSTEM,HUMAN BEINGS(OR THE OTHER HIGHER ANIMAL)ARE THE MOST COM-PLEX SYSTEM IN THE NATURE.FOR SUCH A PHYSIOLOGICAL SYS-TEM WITH THE UTTERMOST COMPLEXI…     

病态胎儿心率信号的替代数据分析

利用基于关联维数的振幅调节傅里叶变换的替代数据法对死前和羊水少两组胎儿心率（Fetal beart rate，即FHR）时间序列进行了分析，给出了对于胎儿心率时间序列进行非线性判定和混沌判定方法，计算结果表明两组病态胎儿心率时间序列的混沌判据S〈2，说明病态信号不具有混沌特性；但死前胎儿心率信号非线性判据t〉ta.f，说明死前信号具有非线性，而羊水少胎儿心率信号非线性判据t〈ta.f，说明羊水少信号不具有非线性。     

Sign series entropy analysis of short-term heart rate variability

Complexity and nonlinearity approaches can be used to study the temporal and structural order in heart rate variability （HRV） signal, which is helpful for understanding the underlying rule and physiological essence of cardiovascular regulation. For clinical applications, methods suitable for short-term HRV analysis are more valuable. In this paper, sign series entropy analysis （SSEA） is proposed to characterize the feature of direction variation of HRV. The results show that SSEA method can detect sensitively physiological and pathological changes from short-term HRV signals, and the method also shows its robustness to nonstationarity and noise. Thus, it is suggested as an efficient way for the analysis of clinical HRV and other complex physiological signals.     

0-1混沌测试算法中振幅对混沌序列的影响

0-1混沌测试法是根据线性增长率K(c)值是否趋近于1或0来判断离散数据混沌性的新方法。选取Verhulst种群模型生成的3类时间序列(弱混沌、完全混沌、4-周期)为研究对象,验证了0-1测试法的有效性,对0-1测试算法中振幅α作了进一步探讨。结果表明:弱混沌序列K(c)值对振幅α最敏感,其次分别是强混沌序列和周期序列,K(c)值随振幅α变化的快慢可以反映序列的混沌程度。     

汽车质心侧偏角观测器试验验证

提出了一种综合运动学和动力学模型估算车辆质心侧偏角的方法。引入非线性因子表征车辆的非线性状态程度,在此基础上提出了一种简化的非线性轮胎侧向力计算方法,考虑轮胎侧偏刚度补偿,基于单轨模型建立Kalman滤波器实时估计出车辆质心侧偏角。搭建基于轮速传感器、侧向加速度和横摆角速度组合传感器、方向盘转角传感器、MicroAutoBox和GPS系统的试验验证系统,在高附着路面条件下进行蛇形操纵和双移线操纵试验。试验结果表明:所设计的估计算法能在一定程度上反映车辆的实际状态,实时性和估计精度能满足稳定性控制系统的要求。     

0-1测试方法在降水混沌识别和分区研究中的应用

0-1测试方法是一种新的可直接作用于时间序列的二元混沌识别方法,通过对Chebyshev映射进行混沌检验,验证了其有效性.运用该方法对东北地区106个气象站1958~2011年逐月降水序列进行混沌识别,结果表明,东北地区逐月降水序列均表现出混沌特性.同时,均方位移随时间的渐进增长率K的空间插值结果具有明显的分区特征,即东部为高值区,北部和西部为次高区,中南部为低值区,其中内蒙古东北部和黑龙江西北部存在局部的K低值区,混沌分区特征与东北地区降水地域分布特征和变化类型吻合较好.研究表明,0-1测试方法具有反映数据序列的混沌程度的特性.     

心率变异性的复杂性与分形维数分析

发挥非线性动力学的潜力，提出了心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）信号的复杂度分析法和分形维数分析法。由于这两种方法能从较短的ＨＲＶ信号中提取信息，因此作者又进一步把这两种分析方法发展成动态分析法。用这两种方法分别对一个改变体位的ＨＲＶ信号和一个发生心肌缺血的ＨＲＶ信号的过程进行了动态分析。分析结果表明，它们都成功地检测出了ＨＲＶ信号的生理和病理变化。可见，动态复杂度分析法和动态分形维数分析法对ＨＲＶ信号及类似于ＨＲＶ的信号是很有前途的分析方法。     

旋转机械故障诊断的11/2维循环谱分析方法

首先介绍了谱相干及高阶循环累积量谱的定义,说明了高阶循环累积量谱具有的抑噪和相位保留的能力.但由于高阶循环累积量谱分析需要更长的时间序列,因此本文从循环谱相干定义出发,提出了利用1 1/2维循环谱区分线性与非线性特征的方法.指出1 1/2维循环谱分析方法,不仅保留了高阶循环累积量谱的抑制噪声、提取非线性耦合特征和分离循环平稳分量与平稳分量的能力,而且减少了所需时间序列长度,提高了监测的实时性,最后以非线性平方相位耦合信号和轴承故障信号为例进行了仿真验证.     

Predicting heartbeat arrival time for failure detection over internet using auto-regressive exogenous model

Predicting heartbeat message arrival time is crucial for the quality of failure detection service over internet. However, internet dynamic characteristics make it very difficult to understand message behavior and accurately predict heartbeat arrival time. To solve this problem, a novel black-box model is proposed to predict the next heartbeat arrival time. Heartbeat arrival time is modeled as auto-regressive process, heartbeat sending time is modeled as exogenous variable, the model's coefficients are estimated based on the sliding window of observations and this result is used to predict the next heartbeat arrival time. Simulation shows that this adaptive auto-regressive exogenous (ARX) model can accurately capture heartbeat arrival dynamics and minimize prediction error in different network environments.     

基于冗余提升小波包及Volterra级数的机械故障预测方法

针对Volterra级数模型在染噪时间序列预测中精度较低,以及收敛速度慢的关键问题,提出了一种基于冗余提升小波包(Redundant Lifting Wavelet Packet,RLWP)及Volterra级数的机械故障预测方法。首先用冗余提升小波包对振动信号进行分解,对分解得到的末层所有频带信号用奇异值分解进行降噪。然后通过构造二阶Volterra级数预测模型对降噪后的各频带信号进行预测。最后用冗余提升小波包重构算法对各频带预测信号重构,获得预测信号。仿真结果表明:结合冗余提升小波包的多分辨率分析及奇异值降噪,能明显提高Volterra级数模型的预测精度及收敛速度。在工程应用中该方法准确预测出了某离心压缩机的不平衡故障。