首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
流域泥沙过程模拟中的河道输沙计算   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
全流域的水沙过程包括降雨产流、汇流的全过程,以及泥沙侵蚀、输移、沉积的不同运动形态.对这一物理过程的全面描述有其必要性和现实意义.在数字流域中,将流域水沙过程概化为坡面产流产沙、沟坡区重力侵蚀、沟道水沙运动及河道水沙输运四部分.其中,前三部分的计算能为中下游河道水沙计算提供入口边界条件.本文对前三部分的内容只作简要介绍,重点以一维水动力学模型为工具,以1977年为典型年,完成了流域泥沙过程模拟过程中干流河道输沙计算,并对龙门站的预测水沙过程和实测水沙过程龙门一三门峡河段进行了演算和对比.结果表明,用预测龙门站水沙过程计算中下游河道的水沙演进是可行的.  相似文献   

2.
黄河源区(唐乃亥水文站以上)多年平均径流量约200×108m3,占黄河天然径流量的34%,是黄河流域的主要产流区和重要的水源涵养区.黄河源区历史汛期径流的变化一直是学界关注热点.本文以数字流域模型研究对象,旨在提高黄河源区历史汛期径流模拟结果精度.首先对比评价了黄河源区多源降水数据,相比于地面雨量站数据和CMORPH降水数据,CMORPH地面融合降水数据在黄河源区分辨率较高,精度可靠.其次集成了适用于黄河源区的大尺度、高分辨率的数字流域模型,利用融合降水数据,完成了黄河源区汛期径流的模拟.将2008~2012年汛期划分为率定年和验证年,径流模拟结果显示,率定和验证期逐日径流过程的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数较高,汛期径流量符合良好,证明了数字流域模型在黄河源区的适用性,有利于黄河源区水资源分布进一步的评估和管理.  相似文献   

3.
大流域数字高程模型数据管理系统   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
为了以小流域为基础建立大流域分布式数字水文模型,建立了一个大流域数字高程模型数据的获得及存取管理系统.该系统把数据的处理水平从单块扩展到多块.以地形源数据的来源及预处理、分块数据文件的存储结构、地形数据的跨块读取3个基本问题为基础,该系统成功地用于管理黄河流域花园口以上70多万km2的地形数据,完成了从地形源数据获得、预处理到存储、读取这一系列过程.利用这个系统,可以快速正确地获取黄河流域内的任何一个子流域的地形数据.这些工作为建立黄河全流域的分布式水文模型打下了基础.  相似文献   

4.
黄河上游西柳沟流域水土流失情况严重,流域内修建了不同规模的淤地坝,以改善研究区因水土流失而引起的水沙灾害问题.为探讨淤地坝对流域径流过程的影响,根据淤地坝运行机理,本文在SWAT模型的基础上开发了淤地坝水循环模块,构建了适用于西柳沟流域的分布式水文模型,并根据流域出口断面实测月流量数据对改进的模型进行参数率定及模型验证.分析表明,改进后的SWAT模型率定期与验证期的确定系数R~2均在0. 70以上,纳什效率系数E_(NS)均在0. 5以上,相对误差Re均小于20%,模型模拟效果较好.同时,综合考虑淤地坝地理位置、规模等特性,设置不同情景,利用改进的SWAT模型对不同淤地坝情景下西柳沟水文过程的响应进行了模拟分析.结果表明,西柳沟淤地坝系减水效果明显,随着淤地坝数量的增加,流域出口流量明显减少:与现状淤地坝情形(39座骨干坝)相比,无淤地坝情形下流域出口年均流量将会增加25%左右;未来新建79座骨干坝后的流域出口流量比现状情形减少约75%.本研究利用改进后的SWAT模型量化了淤地坝工程对径流的影响,为进一步研究淤地坝坝系影响下的水沙关系奠定基础.  相似文献   

5.
大尺度流域河网二叉树编码方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
数字流域模型(DWM)中基于二叉树理论的河网编码方法能够实现任意河段的直接定位和高效的拓扑运算,然而由于该模型针对大尺度流域河网存在编码能力不足的隐患,降低了该模型的通用性和有效性.为此,研究了河网二叉树编码的通用方法,并开发了全自动可视化平台,可以实现任意尺度流域河网的二叉树编码,为进行后续流域水沙运动模拟奠定了基础.将该方法应用于中国西藏境内约3.2万km2的拉萨河流域,实现了59197条河段的快速编码,并按河网自然拓扑形态和流域天然分界将全流域划分为3级14区,验证了该方法改进后的有效性.  相似文献   

6.
流域泥沙过程机理分析   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
黄土高原地质地貌复杂,是黄河流域的主要泥沙源区,并以黄土丘陵沟壑区和黄土高塬沟壑区为代表.沟壑区的不同部位具有不同的侵蚀产沙现象,并在不同的空间尺度上表现出迥异的水沙运动规律.为此需将流域分为坡面与沟道两大系统分别研究,本文描述坡面侵蚀产沙、沟坡区重力侵蚀和沟道水沙运动的主要现象,分析各水沙过程的主要机理.揭示出可依据坡面径流建立坡面侵蚀产沙模型;根据水流的诱发作用,用沟坡土体失稳的随机力学模型模拟沟坡重力侵蚀;考虑影响水沙运动的多种要素,建立沟道系统的高含沙水沙模型.流域泥沙过程机理的研究为建立符合实际物理图景的水沙模型系统,完成流域泥沙过程模拟提供基础。  相似文献   

7.
笔者以维持黄河健康为目标,以改善黄河不协调的水沙关系为切入点,采用现场调研、实测资料分析、理论分析和水沙数学模型计算等技术手段,对黄河水沙过程变异与洪水过程的作用、黄河下游断面形态与洪水过程的响应关系、下游水沙过程调控对塑造与维持下游中水河槽的作用、塑造与维持中水河槽的影响因素等进行了系统研究,提出了塑造与维持黄河下游4000m^3/s左右中水河槽的方案,为黄河下游河道的治理提供了科学依据.  相似文献   

8.
介绍了一种具有物理机制的分布式水文模型PDTank(Pllysically-based Distributed Tank)模型,该模型以矩形网格为计算单元,在垂直方向上用若干个彼此相联系的水箱进行模拟.以水箱中的蓄水深度为控制变量,计算流域的产流、汇流以及下渗过程.本文选择位于黄河中游干旱半干旱区的三川河流域作为研究对象,在研究区应用PDTank模型并结合遥感和地理信息系统对研究区域的径流过程进行了模拟研究.从模拟结果的精度看,PDTank模型可以满足黄河中游干旱半干旱地区的水文过程模拟,同时也为研究黄河中游干旱半干旱地区的水文过程提供了新的手段和工具.  相似文献   

9.
黄河下游平滩流量驱动与响应模型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究冲积河流平滩流量的变化规律,以黄河下游1950—2007年实测水沙及平滩流量数据为基础,根据量纲和谐原理,建立了反映冲积性河流河床演变规律的驱动与响应模型。对驱动与响应模型中水沙驱动力进行了小波分解;通过小波方差求极值的方法,确定了水沙驱动力的主要时间尺度;并利用主要时间尺度下对应的周期函数代替了驱动与响应模型中的水沙驱动力。进而通过积分运算得出平滩流量驱动与响应模型的解析解。结果表明:黄河下游水沙驱动力具有4—5a和19—20a主要时间尺度;应用到黄河下游5个主要测站具有较好的计算结果。  相似文献   

10.
亚洲多条大河源自青藏高原地区,各流域水资源的变化一方面反映了青藏高原的变化,另一方面与流域国家间的水资源利用关系密切.基于1995年和2015年两期土地利用现状遥感监测数据和源自青藏高原的6条主要河流水沙及氮、磷、硅等营养盐通量数据,尝试分析不同流域河流入海物质通量变化及影响因素.结果表明:1995—2015年,印度河和布拉马普特拉河径流显著减少,长江入海径流阶段性下降,恒河增加而黄河和湄公河径流总体变化不大.长江、黄河和印度河输沙量显著减少(p 0.05).营养盐通量方面,黄河、湄公河溶解无机氮呈上升趋势而长江略有下降.氮磷通量主要受径流量的影响,硅酸盐通量主要受输沙影响,与输沙变化一致.坝库兴建、土地利用类型变化和农药化肥使用减少了泥沙输送且改变了营养盐输送.社会经济发展阶段更高的流域,氮磷总量增加,输沙减少.研究河流入海物质通量,掌握各流域本底数据,为实现流域水资源调控及建设流域命运共同体提供基础.  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

14.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

15.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

16.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

17.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号