电化学氧化后碳纤维的表面性质

研究了粘胶基碳纤维在不同电解质中经过电化学氧化后的润湿性能和BET比表面,并用XPS分析了电化学氧化前后碳纤维的表面基团。实验结果表明,电化学氧化可以明显增加碳纤维的润湿性能和比表面积。XPS的分析结果表明,经过不同电解质电化学氧化后碳纤维表面含氧基团的增加,尤其是强亲水性羧基的增加是碳纤维表面润湿性能提高的主要原因。     

炭黑的pH值与氧含量、表面酸性含氧基团含量的规律性

炭黑的表面性质对其应用有重要影响，本文研究了炭黑的元素组成、pH值、表面酸性含氧基团含量以及它们之间的相互关系。实验结果表明，炭黑的pH值取决于其氧含量，两者存在指数关系．详细讨论了测定条件对炭黑表面酸性含氧基团测定结果的影响。实验结果表明，中和反应时间为90min、碱溶液浓度为0．05mol／L时，实验的重复性较好，同时测定了炭黑表面羧基、酚羟基、内酯基等酸性含氧基团的含量，实验结果表明，炭黑的pH值与其表面酸性基团含量存在指数关联。     

射频冷等离子体处理碳纤维对其表面基团的影响与分析

作者采用经典化学分析法、x射线光电子能谱分析法,研究了碳纤维经氧冷等离子体处理前后表面酸性基团的变化。化学分析结果表明,碳纤维表面酸性基团增加了3.4倍;x射线光电子能谱分析结果表明,碳纤维表面O/C原子比提高1倍,冷等离子体处理条件如处理时间、气体流量、压力及输出功率等对碳纤维表面酸性基团的变化有重大的影响。根据分析结果,还探讨了氧冷等离子体氧化碳纤维表面的反应机理及其表面化学结构的变化规律。作者认为,碳纤维表面处理所产生的酸性基团,是提高碳纤维增强树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度的一个重要因素。     

复合氧化改性活性炭的物性及其对甲苯的吸附性能

利用4种化学试剂(HNO3溶液、NH3溶液、H2O2溶液与Fe(NO3)3溶液)对商业活性炭进行化学氧化改性。在含5%氧气和95%氮气的混合气体中,对改性活性炭进行热复合氧化改性。采用热重分析仪、孔隙分析仪、傅里叶红外分析(FTIR)与Boehm滴定对活性炭结构与表面基团进行测试,并利用改性活性炭对甲苯进行等温吸附实验。研究结果表明:强氧化剂预处理活性炭有助于热复合氧化改性中活性炭微孔孔容的增大;活性炭表面含氧基团由化学氧化改性和热复合氧化改性共同作用产生,热改性温度较低时,其主要由化学氧化改性生成,温度较高时,酸性基团主要来源于氧气与活性炭表面的氧化反应;酸性基团的存在能够促进活性炭吸附甲苯;控制合理的热复合氧化改性条件,既可以增加活性炭表面酸性基团,又可扩充微孔孔容,从而综合提升活性炭对甲苯的吸附能力。     

碳纤维的电化学表面改性及其表面结构演变

采用电化学氧化法对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维进行表面改性,联用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS),表征了碳纤维表面物理化学结构。结合力学性能分析,评价了碳酸氢铵、氯化铵和硫酸铵三种电解质的改性效果,解释了碳纤维表面薄弱层产生的原因,分析了电化学改性碳纤维表面的机理。结果表明,在电化学改性过程中,碳纤维表面活性氧含量呈现梯形变化趋势,最高增幅达87.8%,而活性氮含量则不断增加直到饱和,可达到2倍增幅;相对于羧基等含氧基团,碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)层间剪切强度(ILSS)对胺基等含氮官能团更加敏感;当电解质中存在二价阴离子时,有利于减小碳纤维抗张强度的损失,甚至使其得到提高。     

水热温度对改性活性炭制Pd/AC催化剂性能的影响

文章采用水热硝酸氧化法对活性炭表面基团进行处理,考察了水热温度对活性炭的孔结构、表面含氧基团的影响,对催化剂进行了一系列表征,并评价了Pd/AC催化剂催化甲酸分解的性能。结果表明,随着水热温度的提高,活性炭上含氧基团先增加后减少,水热温度过高会破坏活性炭孔结构,使Pd粒子尺寸先减小后增大,同时催化剂活性先升高后降低。硝酸浓度为1.0mol/L,水热4h,水热温度为150℃时,催化活性最好;在甲酸浓度为0.01mol/L,90℃反应1h情况下,催化甲酸分解率达到92.2%。     

不同电化学条件下氧化后碳纤维表面基团的XPS分析

在不同的电流密度,电解质浓度和处理时间上对粘胶基碳纤维进行电化学氧化,然后用Ｘ－射线光电子能谱分析了氧化后碳纤维的表面基团,讨论了表面基团随着这些电化学条件的变化规律。     

超声波-双氧水联合氧化处理连续碳纤维表面的研究

使用超声波联合双氧水的方法对连续碳纤维（CCF）进行不同时间的表面氧化处理,再以聚酰胺（PA）为基体,热压制备连续碳纤维增强聚酰胺树脂复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和X-射线衍射仪（XRD）对联合氧化后的连续碳纤维表面进行分析表征,利用万能实验机对复合材料进行力学性能测试,结果表明：不同时间的超声波-双氧水联合氧化处理都能增加连续碳纤维表面的粗糙程度和活性官能团数量,其中联合氧化20 min后表面刻蚀效果比较显著,羟基、羰基等含氧官能团质量分数比未处理时提高79%和82%;连续碳纤维增强聚酰胺树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度比未经表面联合氧化处理提高36.8%。综合各项表征结果,20 min联合氧化后的碳纤维综合性能最优。     

氧化石墨片层中含氧官能团的探讨

采用Hummers法合成了氧化石墨(GO)产物,并通过XRD、IR、SEM和XPS等分析方法对产物进行表征分析.结果表明石墨被氧化为氧化石墨后仍具有层状结构,层间距比石墨大,层间含有大量的含氧功能性极性基团,包括羟基、羧基、醚基,未发现文献报道的环氧基团.     

Pt-羧基化CNTs／GC复合修饰电极的制备及对甲醇电催化氧化性能

运用循环伏安法制备Pt-羧基化CNTs／GC复合电极，研究了该电极对CH3OH的电催化氧化行为．结果表明，制得的复合电极对甲醇的氧化呈现了较高的电催化活性．Pt在羧基化碳纳米管上的高度分散和Pt与含氧基团的相互作用，是Pt-羧基化CNTs／GC复合电极对甲醇催化活性较高的原因．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.