白桦移植关键技术的研究

通过对白桦的根系用激素进行处理,及对白桦生根过程中主要内源激素的测定,认为使用激素的种类和剂量对白桦生长影响显著。其中以IAA为200mg/L×6h效果最佳。     

白桦脂酸对Cx32组成的细胞缝隙连接功能的影响

目的:体外观察白桦脂酸对天然表达缝隙连接蛋白32(Cx32)的BRL-3A细胞的细胞缝隙连接(GJ)功能及Cx32蛋白表达水平的影响.方法:SRB法检测不同质量浓度白桦脂酸对BRL-3A细胞的毒性;细胞接种荧光示踪法观察不同质量浓度白桦脂酸对GJ功能的影响;Western blot方法检测白桦脂酸影响GJ功能的质量浓度对Cx32蛋白表达水平的影响.结果:白桦脂酸在0~1μg/m L质量浓度对BRL-3A细胞无毒性作用;白桦脂酸(0.01~1μg/m L)质量浓度依赖性地降低GJ功能,但对Cx32表达无影响.结论:白桦脂酸在0.01~1μg/m L质量浓度范围内,降低BRL-3A细胞的GJ功能;这种作用与Cx32蛋白的表达水平无关.     

白桦脂酸体外抗肿瘤的活性和机制

研究白桦脂醇（Betulin）和白桦脂酸（Betulinic Acid, BA）对3种癌细胞株的增殖抑制作用以及白桦脂酸诱导MCF 7细胞毒的分子机制. 应用结晶紫染色方法对白桦脂醇和白桦脂酸对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用进行筛选； 应用RT-PCR技术检测MCF 7细胞p21 mRNA, p53 mRNA, Bcl 2 mRNA和Bax mRNA的表达. 结果表明, 白桦脂醇和白桦脂酸有显著抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用, 且有浓度依赖性; 白桦脂酸能够诱导MCF 7细胞凋亡, 并诱导其p21 mRNA和p53 mRNA表达增高, 但对其Bcl 2 mRNA和Bax mRNA 的表达无影响.     

白桦BpTCP8基因生物信息学及表达特性分析

【目的】通过研究白桦BpTCP8基因的序列特征及其在不同组织部位、激素处理与胁迫应答中的表达特性,为揭示BpTCP8在白桦生长发育中的功能提供依据。【方法】利用生物信息学方法对BpTCP8基因进行分析,采用实时荧光定量 PCR 技术分析BpTCP8基因在不同组织部位、激素处理与胁迫应答中的表达特性。【结果】生物信息学分析发现,BpTCP8含有TCP家族高度保守的bHLH结构域;qRT-PCR分析结果表明,白桦BpTCP8在发育和衰老初期的叶片中表达量高,并在深裂型叶片、顶芽、木质部、韧皮部中都上调表达。在激素(GA₃、ME-JA、ABA)与非生物胁迫(PEG、NaCl、CdCl₂、NaHCO₃)处理下,BpTCP8都对其产生了相应的应答。【结论】BpTCP8基因可能参与到了白桦叶片成熟、叶型、顶芽、木质部和韧皮部的生长过程中;该基因在GA₃、JA处理中呈现正调控的应答模式,并且可能通过ABA信号途径影响植物抗旱,耐盐、碱、重金属胁迫等。     

赤霉素对盆栽白桦无性系早期生长及结实的影响

【目的】种子园种子产量低以及丰歉年周期性结实问题一直是白桦等林木良种生产的瓶颈。开展赤霉素处理对白桦生长及结实影响的研究,筛选最佳激素处理方案进而提高其生长量及结实量,对于白桦良种生产及推广具有重要意义。【方法】以1个白桦无性系为研究对象,分别用质量浓度0、0.2、0.4、0.6 g/L的GA₃和GA₄₊₇处理,连续试验3 a,第2年调查其高生长节律,第4年调查各处理下的树高、胸径及结实量。【结果】树高、胸径及结实量等性状的方差分析显示,不同浓度的GA₃和GA₄₊₇ 处理下,树高及结实量性状的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。GA₃和GA₄₊₇均能促进白桦生长及结实量,其中GA₄₊₇的效果更好,综合生长及结实性状确定处理的最佳质量浓度为0.4 g/L,该处理下高生长较对照提高了13.69%,单株果序数、单株果序鲜质量、单株种子干质量较对照分别提高了203.6%、186.8%、187.2%。白桦无性系在各浓度赤霉素处理下树高生长符合“S”形曲线模型, 各处理下拟合的Logistic方程系数均高于0.99。根据白桦树高生长模型参数可知,赤霉素促进白桦生长量的增加主要是延长了速生期的生长时间所致。【结论】GA₄₊₇和GA₃均促进白桦生长及结实,GA₄₊₇较GA₃效果好;确定0.4 g/L的GA₄₊₇是促进白桦结实的最适激素处理。     

白桦木材抗腐和易腐植株主要化学成分的比较

采用5种木材腐朽菌分别对300株天然林白桦木样进行木材腐朽处理,选择质量损失率最大和最小的10株白桦组成易腐和抗腐群体,检测其木材中的木质素、纤维素等主要化学成分.结果表明:水分、纤维素、木质素含量低的白桦木材抗白囊耙齿菌腐朽;木质素含量低、苯醇抽出物含量高的白桦木材抗黄伞腐朽;木质素、总酚、总黄酮含量高的白桦木材抗木蹄层孔菌;木质素和总酚含量高的白桦木材抗桦剥管菌腐朽.未发现彩绒革盖菌降解木材成分的偏好性.白桦木材中的1%NaOH抽出物和水分与纤维素含量成显著负相关,易腐群体白桦木材中的水分和纤维素含量、苯醇抽出物和总酚含量,木质素、总酚和总黄酮含量均成显著正相关.该研究为进一步探讨木材腐朽菌腐朽木材的过程和机理,易腐、抗腐白桦木材的理化特性等提供有用的信息.     

3个白桦细胞色素P450基因生物信息学及表达分析

【目的】研究白桦细胞色素P450基因表达的组织特异性,以及在茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、水杨酸(SA)、赤霉素(GA₃)、脱落酸(ABA)、乙烯利和伤害处理下的基因表达模式。【方法】筛选白桦转录组,获得3个BpCYP450 基因,分别命名为BpCYP4、BpCYP5、 BpCYP14,利用生物信息学分析BpCYP450蛋白的分子结构特征及其与其他物种CYP450蛋白的亲缘关系。采用QRT-PCR技术,对白桦BpCYP450组织特异性、激素信号及伤害诱导下的表达特征进行分析。【结果】生物信息学结果表明BpCYP4、BpCYP5、BpCYP14 cDNA序列长度分别为1 569、1 584和1 530 bp,具有完整的开放阅读框(ORF),分别编码522、527和509个氨基酸,均为亲水性跨膜蛋白,主要定位于叶绿体。白桦BpCYP450与百脉根、扁豆及豌豆等豆科植物CYP450蛋白亲缘性较高。组织特异性分析结果显示,3个BpCYP450 基因在叶和根中表达较高,茎中较低。激素信号及伤害诱导结果表明,3个BpCYP450基因不同程度地响应MeJA、SA、GA₃、ABA、乙烯利激素信号及伤害诱导。【结论】3个BpCYP450基因均为CYP450基因家族的新成员,具有组织特异性及激素诱导表达特性,可能在白桦生长发育、抵御胁迫及代谢物合成中发挥重要作用。     

冀西北山地森林不同生境下白桦分枝结构特征

从不同生境和树干胸径的角度研究分枝格局,以揭示树木的结构复杂性程度与生长策略差异,为冀西北山地森林林业管理提供理论依据。以冀西北地区白桦纯林和3个典型混交林为研究对象,采用线性回归法和非参数Kruskal-Wallis检验法,分析胸径和生境对白桦分枝格局的影响。结果表明：(1)树干胸径对白桦分枝长度、基径和枝生物量的影响显著线性增长(p<0.05),且影响程度随分枝逐级减小(对分枝长度逐级影响为0.504>0.125>0.063>0.034>0.033;基径为0.037>0.014>0.011>0.006>0.005;生物量为0.414>0.025>0.007>0.003>0.002);(2)不同生境间的各级枝长、枝径和枝生物量都满足：混交林Ⅰ(白桦-落叶松)>混交林Ⅲ(白桦-杏树-杨树-樟子松)>白桦纯林>混交林Ⅱ(白桦-云杉);(3)白桦落叶松混交林的枝长、基径、生物量和分枝密度均优于其他林型,以最大限度获取空间资源,白桦落叶松混交林是最适合冀西北白桦生长的生境。     

白桦生长变异与早期选择技术研究

对吉林省中东部白桦(Betula platyhylla Suk.)天然林进行生长性状早、晚期相关研究,结果表明:白桦天然林不同龄阶的个体生长变异与各性状相关系数与年龄成正比,以15 a生的天然林生长变异、相关系数增长率最高,以后与年龄成反比,并逐渐平稳.确定白桦天然林早期选择最佳年龄为15 a,白桦天然林可用15 a胸径对40 a的材积进行早期预测.     

NaHCO3胁迫下白桦四倍体表型及生理分析

采用Na HCO3胁迫处理白桦四倍体苗木,测定其表型特征及生理特性.结果表明:在Na HCO3胁迫下,白桦四倍体叶片受盐害程度明显低于二倍体,苗高和地径生长明显高于二倍体;白桦四倍体净光合速率、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性始终显著高于二倍体.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the