镁钙砂碳酸化反应机理研究

采用单一扫描速率（2℃/min）法对镁钙砂细粉的碳酸化反应进行了热分析动力学研究,为镁钙砂颗粒表面碳酸化改性反应动力学研究提供相关信息.研究结果表明,镁钙砂细粉碳酸化反应初期MgO的碳酸化和CaO碳酸化反应前期机理,可用n=2的Avrami-Erofeev随机成核、随后生长模式函数描述,后期（相对转化率大于33%～38%）则可用Jander或Ginstling-brounshtein三维扩散模式函数描述.同时,MgO碳酸化反应产生的体积效应导致CaO反应前期表观活化能大幅度降低.     

氧化钙碳酸化反应动力学研究

采用单一扫描速率法(2℃/min)对氧化钙粉末在CO2气氛中的碳酸化反应进行了热分析动力学研究。结果表明,氧化钙碳酸化反应的最大转化速率在694℃,与在镁钙砂表面碳酸化改性工艺研究中得到的最佳炉温十分接近;而氧化钙的碳酸化反应可用n=2的Avrami-Erofeev随机成核、随后生长模式(机理)函数描述,相应的表观反应活化能为178kJ·mol-1,频率因子为3.4×108min-1。     

氧化钙砂的致密性对其碳酸化效果及抗水化性能的影响

在二氧化碳气氛下对氧化钙砂进行碳酸化处理时,无论是低密度还是高密度钙砂,碳酸化速率都由扩散过程控制·对低密度钙砂,碳酸化反应在表面和内部同时发生,每个CaO晶粒都被生成的碳酸钙包围,并在生成的碳酸钙中有显微裂纹产生;但对高密度钙砂,碳酸化反应只在表面发生,并在钙砂表面形成一层与钙砂基体结合良好的致密碳酸钙保护层·水化试验结果表明:碳酸化处理能够有效地改善钙砂的抗水化性能,但由于经碳酸化处理的低密度钙砂因显微裂纹的原因,在水化过程中容易开裂崩坏,因此碳酸化处理只适合于改善没有明显显气孔率的高密度钙砂的抗水化性能·     

醋酸调质钙基吸收剂的循环碳酸化特性

提出了采用醋酸溶液调质石灰石和白云石的方法来提高它们在循环煅烧-碳酸化过反应过程中吸收CO2的能力.在不同反应条件下分别研究了石灰石和白云石的醋酸化产物醋酸钙和醋酸钙镁在循环煅烧-碳酸化过程中的碳酸化转化率.结果表明:碳酸化温度在600～700℃时,醋酸钙和醋酸钙镁的转化率分别明显高于石灰石和白云石,经过15次循环和20次循环后其碳酸化转化率分别可达0.54和0.6.当煅烧温度从920℃增加到1 050℃时,醋酸钙和醋酸钙镁转化率和抗烧结性能明显优于石灰石和白云石.随着碳酸化气氛中CO2浓度的增加,醋酸钙和醋酸钙镁转化率的增量小于石灰石和白云石.存在最佳的粒径范围使醋酸钙和醋酸钙镁的碳酸化能力最大.虽然醋酸钙镁的碳酸化转化率高于醋酸钙,但单位质量煅烧后的醋酸钙的CO2吸收量大于醋酸钙镁.     

添加ZrO_2对镁钙砂抗水化性能的影响

以w(CaO)为55%的镁钙砂细粉为原料、ZrO_2为添加剂,在1550℃温度下烧结5h制备镁钙试样,研究了添加ZrO_2对镁钙试样物相组成、显微结构、烧结性能和抗水化性能的影响。结果表明,添加ZrO_2能促进镁钙材料的烧结,且随着ZrO_2加入量的增加,试样的体积密度逐渐增大,显气孔率减小,抗水化性能逐渐增强,这是由于ZrO_2的加入增大了Ca~(2+)的空位浓度,有利于Ca~(2+)的扩散,促进了镁钙试样的烧结致密化和试样中CaO晶粒的长大。此外,ZrO_2还可与游离态CaO反应生成不易水化的CaZrO_3,该反应发生在晶界等容易水化的部位,改变了镁钙试样的显微结构,又进一步提高了材料抗水化性能;当ZrO_2添加量超过5%后,试样的各项性能变化趋于平缓。综合考虑,该镁钙试样中ZrO_2的适宜添加量为5%。     

高钙镁钙耐火材料对无取向硅钢中Al质量分数的影响

以合成高钙镁钙砂为原料,制成CaO质量分数分别为40%、50%和60%的高钙镁钙材料,研究不同CaO质量分数的高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中[Al]质量分数的作用。利用电镜扫描及能谱分析,通过测量了在1600℃反应30 min后镁钙材料反应层中Al和钢水中[Al],分析了不同CaO质量分数的高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中[Al]变化的影响。结果表明,无取向硅钢中的[Al]首先氧化生成Al2O3,然后,与高钙镁钙材料中CaO反应生成CaO.Al2O3,CaO.2Al2O3,CaO.6Al2O3等铝酸盐化合物,以实现对钢液中[Al]的减少作用;随着高钙镁钙材料中的CaO质量分数的提高,对钢液中[Al]的减少作用增强,但当CaO质量分数达到40%时,各种高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中的[Al]的作用基本达到平衡,此时,钢液中[Al]减少率超过96%。说明质量分数达到40%的CaO高钙镁钙材料可用于无铝无取向硅钢的深脱铝处理。     

高钙镁钙耐火材料对无取向硅钢中Al质量分数的影响

以合成高钙镁钙砂为原料,制成CaO质量分数分别为40%、50%和60%的高钙镁钙材料,研究不同CaO质量分数的高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中[Al]质量分数的作用.利用电镜扫描及能谱分析,通过测量了在1 600 ℃反应30 min后镁钙材料反应层中Al和钢水中[Al],分析了不同CaO质量分数的高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中[Al]变化的影响.结果表明,无取向硅钢中的[Al]首先氧化生成Al2O3,然后,与高钙镁钙材料中CaO反应生成CaO·Al2O3,CaO·2Al2O3,CaO·6Al2O3等铝酸盐化合物,以实现对钢液中[Al]的减少作用;随着高钙镁钙材料中的CaO质量分数的提高,对钢液中[Al]的减少作用增强,但当CaO质量分数达到40%时,各种高钙镁钙材料对无取向硅钢中的[Al]的作用基本达到平衡,此时,钢液中[Al]减少率超过96%.说明质量分数达到40%的CaO高钙镁钙材料可用于无铝无取向硅钢的深脱铝处理.     

CaO再碳酸化的研究

建立了CaO再碳酸化的微粒模型，研究了CO2体积分数、反应温度等因素对反应的影响．研究表明，在本实验条件下，存在一个最佳再碳酸化温度(在680-7300℃之间)．当温度过高时，部分产物发生分解，气体通过产物层的扩散阻力随着温度的增加而变大，部分空隙的堵塞等原因造成反应的转化率反而减小．     

循环煅烧/碳酸化反应中CaO微观结构变迁特性

对CaO在循环反应中的碳酸化特性和微观结构变迁特性进行了研究.研究表明,CaO在700 ℃碳酸化时能取得最佳的CO2捕捉性能,高煅烧温度不利于CaO的碳酸化.随着循环次数的增加,CaO的孔隙由粗糙、具有网状连接和多孔的结构逐渐向平滑、孔间连接较差和较少孔的结构转变.CaO比表面积和比孔容均随循环次数增加而减小.前10次循环反应使CaO比表面积衰减迅速,此后变化缓慢.随着循环次数的增加,CaO的孔容和孔表面积分布均变差,CaO平均孔径逐渐增大.每次循环中,CaO中孔(2～50 nm)的孔表面积大于大孔(大于50 nm)的孔表面积.CaO碳酸化转化率随其比表面积和比孔容增加而增大,但当超过比表面积和比孔容的临界值后其转化率则可能减小.     

碳酸化养护钢渣混合水泥制备建材制品

采用碳酸化养护技术制备不同配比的钢渣/水泥混合建材制品。将原料混合加水均匀搅拌,在p=3 MPa下压制成型后,碳酸化养护14 h,养护温度T=74℃,p(CO2)=0.15 MPa。结果表明:碳酸化养护过程中试样表面生成较多的CaCO3颗粒状晶体;试样的碳酸化反应比水化反应更易于自发进行;CO2在水中的溶解过程是整个反应的控制步骤,主要矿物碳酸化反应自发进行的趋势顺序为C3SCaOC2SMgO。当m(钢渣)∶m(水泥)=3∶2时,试样S5的碳酸化增重率η为10.44%。制品在碳酸化养护2 h后,抗压强度为20.06 MPa,f-CaO的质量分数由3.25%降至0.34%,压蒸安定性合格。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.