楚雄市气候变化及对水资源的影响

利用楚雄市1961～2010年50 a的气候和水资源等资料,分析了楚雄市近半个世纪以来气候的变化及其对径流、水资源变化的影响.分析结果表明:50 a来楚雄市各季和年平均气温均呈上升趋势,年平均气温以0.33℃/10 a速率上升,冬季平均气温增暖速率最为显著;近50 a来楚雄市年降水量有增多的趋势,以21.26mm/10 a的速度在递增.春季和夏季降水量增加较多;而冬季和秋季平均降水量则呈缓慢增多的趋势.水资源总量、地表水径流量、地下水呈减少趋势.     

气候变化对河北省水资源总量的影响

利用近50 a河北省气候、水资源和预估资料,对气候变化与河北省水资源总量的关系进行了分析,结果表明:近50 a,河北省夏季降水量呈明显减少趋势,平均每10 a减少22 mm,年气温呈明显升高趋势,平均每10 a升高0.37℃.河北省气候暖干化趋势造成水资源总量明显减少,平均每10 a减少11.7%.多模式预估,到2050年,河北省年降水量将比1961—1990年增加约10%,年气温将升高约2℃,河北省水资源总量将增加15.3%.     

酒泉洪水河流域近31年降水量变化趋势分析

降水量是产生地表径流和补给地下水的主要来源,降水量的大小及变化间接反映一个地区的天然水资源状况。而且降水量的大小也是一个地区工农业发展的基础,降水量的变化直接对农业以及工业发展造成一定的影响。以洪水河流域31年降水资料（1976~2006年）为基础,对洪水河流域近31年来的降水进行分析并做出评价。得出结论为：近31年来洪水河流域降水量年内分布不均,降水基本平稳,年际变化较小,但总体有缓慢减少趋势。月降水量分析结果显示,大体遵循夏丰期变化系数小,冬枯期变化系数大的规律。一年四季降水量的变化不是很大,夏季降水量减少趋势明显。     

基于Mann-Kendall法和小波分析的降水变化特征研究——以重庆市沙坪坝区为例

以重庆市沙坪坝区1959-2008年50年的日降水资料为基础数据,以Mann-Kendall法和小波分析为主要研究方法,分析了沙坪坝区的降水变化特征.结果表明:近50年来沙坪坝区年降水量和汛期降水量成上升趋势,但变化不显著,非汛期降水量有较显著的上升,将有助于解决区域水资源在时间尺度上供需不平衡问题;年内分配的年代际变化分析表明,该地区年内分配极为不均,汛期多年平均降水量为843.9mm,约占年平均降水量的77%;根据年降水和汛期降水的小波方差图的比较可知,年降水的变化在很大程度上受汛期降水变化的控制.     

天津地区降水和气温的变化趋势及多尺度交叉小波分析

由于降水量和气温的变化对水循环研究与水资源规划和利用具有重要意义,运用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall检验和交叉小波的方法分析了1954年—2013年天津地区主要气象站点的年降水量和年均气温.结果表明:天津站点的降水倾向率为-16.92—14.11mm/(10a),年平均气温的线性倾向率为0.181~0.309℃/(10a);天津地区气温在1954年—1982年波动变化,1982年发生突变呈上升趋势,且在1991年后上升显著;天津地区降水量和气温的周期性具有相似性,降水量和气温在1960年—1970年呈负相关关系,其共振周期高能量区主要分布在1965年前后的2a;天津地区的降水量和气温在多时间尺度上主要呈非线性关系,降水量减少而气温升高,总体呈现干旱化趋势.     

四平市降水量与农业干旱研究

四平市农业生产地位突出,但却受干旱灾害的困扰,特别是近几年旱灾已成为四平市农业发展的瓶颈,因此,研究农业干旱的发生规律尤为重要.从东北地区近500 a旱涝分布图中提取等级数据,结合四平市1951-1998年的年降水量和作物生长季(6-8月)降水量的变化特征,揭示了四平地区农业干旱的发生规律,得出四平地区在近一段时期将继续面临农业干旱威胁的结论.     

甘肃省部分地区近65年降水量和气温变化特征分析

水资源是影响地区经济、社会和生态环境的主要因素,而气候变化又强烈地影响着水资源系统的变化趋势。利用甘肃省近65年(1951-2015年)降水和气温的年时间序列,通过对甘肃省降水量和气温的变化趋势及时空特征分析,探讨了甘肃省降水和气温变化对地区水资源的影响,从而为甘肃省水资源的合理利用以及短期内气候变化预测提供依据。结果表明:(1)甘肃省降水量逐年呈减少趋势,各主要地区降水量分布不均匀,降水波动较大,年均降水量在200～300mm之间,降水对水资源的影响相对较少;(2)甘肃省气温总体呈上升趋势,在1998年发生突变,气温开始明显升高,年均气温在9～10℃之间,气温的升高使得水资源的蒸发量增加,降低水资源的有效利用。     

基于格点数据的黄土高原降水时空变化特征

利用黄土高原1961—2017年降水月值格点数据集,采用Mann-Kendall和Sen斜率法,分析了黄土高原年和季节降水变化趋势在时间和空间上的变化特征.结果表明:黄土高原年降水量呈现减少的趋势,春、冬季降水量呈增加的趋势,夏、秋季降水量呈减少的趋势,仅冬季降水量变化趋势达到了α=0.05的显著性水平;黄土高原年和季节性降水均未检测到显著的突变点,但年降水量和冬季降水量变化趋势分别在1985年和1970年存在明显的转折;年降水量从东南向西北方向减少且下降的幅度逐渐变小,黄土高原西部和北部降水量有增加的趋势,但大部分地区未达到α=0.05的显著性水平.研究结果可为黄土高原水资源的合理利用、水土流失的预防、旱涝灾害的防治和生态环境的保护提供参考依据.     

1956-2000年开封市气候变化及对水资源的影响

利用累积距平法和气候倾向率对1956-2000年开封市气温、降水量和径流量资料进行分析,研究开封市气候变化及其对水资源的影响.结果表明:近45年来开封市气候倾向率为0.175/10a,春季、秋季、冬季的气温呈现上升趋势,其中冬季升温最为明显,其气候倾向率为0.391/10a,夏季呈缓慢降温趋势,其气候倾向率为-0.067/10a;降水量的年代变化有两个阶段,从1956年到1980年代之间共减少了156.92mm,1980年代到1990年代之间是增加了22.00mm,四季降水中夏季和秋季降水量呈负趋势,春季冬季呈正趋势;径流和降水量在年际变化上表现出大致但并不严格的一致性.     

农业经济系统与水资源环境系统耦合协调关系研究——以湖南省为例

该文综合考虑农业经济－水资源环境复合关系,构建了由农业投入、产出、现代化以及水资源压力、状态、管理六个维度、19个指标组成的农业经济和水资源环境系统评价指标体系,并基于客观组合赋权法确定指标权重,采用耦合协调度和障碍度诊断模型识别两系统耦合协调程度及其主要影响因素.以湖南省为例,分析其2008—2019年农业经济和水资源环境耦合协调关系及其时空演变特征与影响因素.结果表明,湖南省农业经济综合发展指数逐年增大,水资源环境系统综合发展指数呈较剧烈波动状态;各市州两系统的耦合协调度(0.362～0.947)呈显著的逐年上升趋势,到2019年处于协调发展阶段(0.797～0.947);两系统耦合协调度水平呈现由“中部〉北部〉南部”向“南部〉中部〉北部”变化趋势;农业投入和产出是影响各市州耦合协调度的主要因素.提出了促进湖南省各市州农业经济和水资源环境系统耦合协调发展的对策.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.