N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚和互穿聚合物网络温敏凝胶的溶胀与释药性能

制备了不同配比的P(NIPAm-co-AAm)共聚水凝胶和PAAc/P(NIPAm-co-AAm)互穿聚合物网络(IPN)水凝胶,研究了其溶胀与释药性能.结果表明:该共聚水凝胶具有热缩温敏性,而该IPN水凝胶具有热胀温敏性.随AAm含量的增加,该共聚水凝胶溶胀比减小,温敏性减弱,释药率减小;与此相反,随AAm含量的增加,该IPN水凝胶溶胀比增大,温敏性增强,释药率增大.     

防灭火智能多孔凝胶的制备及性能研究

以壳聚糖为温敏性单体、凹凸棒黏土及丙烯酸为吸水性单体,并以过硫酸钾为引发剂、N-N'二甲基丙烯酰胺作为交联剂;并添加碳酸钠/醋酸发泡剂制备智能多孔水凝胶。研究了凝胶在发泡剂、温度以及盐溶液不同的情况下凝胶的吸水性能及溶胀性能。利用扫描电镜表征智能温敏性凝胶的形貌特征;并通过配置1%的凝胶溶液测试热重,研究其相变温度。实验结果表明,随着发泡剂的增加,凝胶的吸水倍率越来越大;温度在70℃,且在NaCl溶液中凝胶吸水最好;凝胶溶胀性与吸水性成正比例;发泡剂为0.25 g时电镜效果最好,呈球状;壳聚糖0.5g、凹凸棒为2.0 g时凝胶的重量降低的最快。     

N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物快速温敏响应行为研究

采用自由基溶液聚合法,在不同温度下制备了N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)与N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NHMAAm)的共聚物P(NIPAAm-co-NHMAAm)温敏水凝胶,并对其温敏性、溶胀动力学及其快速响应行为进行了研究。结果表明,共聚单体NHMAAm的添加量以及合成温度对凝胶的温敏响应性均有较大影响,NHMAAm摩尔分数小于15%时,共聚水凝胶具有明显的温敏性,其低临界溶液温度LCST随着NHMAAm含量的增加而提高;在60℃(高于共聚凝胶的LCST)制备的凝胶,快速响应性好,凝胶在4~8h内达到溶胀平衡,5min内能达到退溶胀平衡,失水率达到80%左右,且具有稳定的反复溶胀性。     

PVA/PAA/BC复合水凝胶的制备与性能

利用冰冻–解冻循环法制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)/聚丙烯酸(PAA)/细菌纤维素(BC)复合水凝胶.研究BC与单体丙烯酸(AA)用量对PVA/PAA/BC复合水凝胶的力学性能和溶胀特性的影响,初步探讨PVA/PAA/BC复合水凝胶的pH敏感性.实验结果表明:随着BC添加量的增多,PVA/PAA/BC复合水凝胶的含水率和拉伸强度与PVA/PAA水凝胶相比均有一定程度的提高,SEM表明复合水凝胶的网络交联点增多;加入AA会使复合水凝胶拉伸强度减小,但溶胀性能提高很多.综合考虑,BC添加量为4%,AA添加量为8%时,各项性能均较好.     

耐电压型聚P(NIPAAm-co-DMAEMA)水凝胶的合成与性能

 电场敏感水凝胶是由高分子三维网络与溶剂水组成的多元体系,并且在电场作用下会产生可逆弯曲或消溶胀的水凝胶。本文以异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAAm）和甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯（DMAEMA）为单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了一系列电场敏感性水凝胶,研究了不同质量分数的NaCl溶液、温度、接触电场对水凝胶溶胀率的影响。研究表明,合成的一系列P(NIPAAm-co-DMAEMA)水凝胶中,随着单体NIPAAm量的增加,在去离子水中的平衡溶胀率下降,同时随着NaCl质量分数的增加,平衡溶胀率下降,但即使在质量分数为0.9%的NaCl溶液中,最大溶胀率仍达89g/g,即保水率44%;共聚得到的水凝胶LCST温度在43℃左右,有望成为良好的温敏性材料。在接触电压刺激下,随着样品水凝胶中DMAEMA含量的增加,水凝胶的质量保持率Rm依次减小。传统阴离子单体或阳离子单体聚合而成的水凝胶在电场作用下消溶胀十分明显,而本文采用阳离子单体与非离子单体共聚合成得到的水凝胶的Rm与时间的关系可以用拟合方程较好地描述,根据得到的拟合方程外推,该水凝胶在通电360min后保水率仍可达53%。这种良好的耐电压性,使该水凝胶更好地应用于人工肌肉和仿生技术及人造保险丝。     

生物温敏性水凝胶的研究

采用明胶和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为原料,制备了配比不同的明胶/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(Gel/PNIPAM)水凝胶系列,研究了pH值、温度对水凝胶的溶胀度和溶胀速度的影响。结果表明,明胶/PNIPAM水凝胶对pH值、温度有明显的响应性,且随着组分中NIPAM配比的增加,水凝胶的温敏性明显增加;对水凝胶的溶胀动力学研究表明,体系配比对溶胀的影响与最低溶液临界温度(LCST)有关,当温度大于LCST时,溶胀速度及溶胀度随明胶含量的增加而增加,当温度低于LCST且配比为1/1(质量比)时,水凝胶的溶胀速度最大。     

CS/PVA水凝胶的制备与性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基体,以壳聚糖(CS)为功能性添加剂,采用冻融法与辐射法相结合的工艺技术制备出CS/PVA水凝胶.分别研究了吸收剂量和制备工艺对PVA水凝胶性能和SEM形貌的影响;研究了壳聚糖浓度和制备工艺对CS/PVA水凝胶溶胀性能和力学性能的影响;研究了CS/PVA水凝胶对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果.结果表明:采用先冻融后辐射方法制备PVA水凝胶,该制备工艺既解决了冻融法合成水凝胶不透明的问题,又解决了辐射法合成水凝胶起泡和强度较弱的问题. CS的添加,不仅提高了PVA水凝胶的溶胀性能,而且使得CS/PVA水凝胶对大肠杆菌具有较好的抑菌作用.     

含纳米银的抗菌水凝胶研究

 为赋予水凝胶的抗菌性能,该文对含有纳米银的水凝胶进行了研究。首先在硝酸银溶液加入硼氢化钠还原剂和聚乙烯砒咯烷酮分散剂,合成纳米银;然后将不同体积的纳米银分散液加入到卡波姆溶液中,搅拌下滴加氢氧化钠溶液,制备含纳米银的水凝胶。紫外-可见光谱法的结果表明硝酸银被还原成纳米银,X-射线粉末衍射法证实纳米银被分散在水凝胶中,并通过Scherrer公式计算出纳米银的尺寸约为5 nm。溶胀性能测试结果表明水凝胶的溶胀率约为900%。抑菌性能测试结果显示,当水凝胶中纳米银浓度为10 μg/mL（低于纳米银的安全浓度25 μg/mL）,水凝胶能有效抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。所制备的抗菌水凝胶可望应用于创伤皮肤和皮肤疾病的外用治疗。     

医用聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备及性能

采用反复冷冻、融化的方法制备了不同浓度、相同循环次数的聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶和相同浓度、不同循环次数的PVA水凝胶。测试了PVA水凝胶的拉伸性能、溶胀率,再溶胀动力学。结果表明,拉伸强度随PVA含量的增加而增加;当浓度相同、循环次数不同时,再溶胀率随循环次数的增加而增加;当达到一个峰值时,随循环次数的增加而降低;当循环次数相同、浓度不同时,再溶胀率随浓度的增加而增加;当达到一个峰值时,随浓度的增加而降低。用物理交联和化学交联的方法制备了PVA/PAA互穿网络水凝胶,测试再溶胀行为,发现PVA/PAA互穿网络水凝胶具有温度敏感性。     

聚丙烯酸盐/淀粉半互穿网络水凝胶的两步水溶液合成及性能表征

采用新型两步水溶液聚合法,合成聚丙烯酸盐/淀粉半互穿网络(PAA/St semiIPN)水凝胶.研究淀粉用量、pH值和离子强度对水凝胶溶胀率和溶胀速率的影响,并采用Flory理论对水凝胶进行拟合.实验结果表明:在一价阳离子盐溶液中,水凝胶的溶胀度与Flory理论符合较好;对于高价阳离子溶液,Flory理论只能用于定性分析,而不能用于定量计算.相对于传统的水凝胶,PAA/St semiIPN水凝胶具有较高的机械强度.最后,利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析对PAA/St semiIPN进行表征.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to