武汉市生活垃圾的处理现状与资源化对策

简述了武汉市城市生活垃圾的收运及处理情况,并对目前所采取的主要处理方法作了简要评述.讨论了生活垃圾分类收集、源头削减的必要性,提出了城市生活垃圾管理应当遵循的法规宣传、技术路线、经济政策等原则.     

基于重心法和节约里程法的垃圾分类新型收运模式研究

城市生活垃圾日益增多,垃圾围城现象愈发严重,采用垃圾分类收运处理体系可以有效提高垃圾分类率并减少垃圾产量.如何合理分类处置垃圾成为当前城市环境综合治理工作中的新难点.为了提高垃圾收运效率,进行了基于重心法和节约里程法的垃圾分类新型收运模式研究,旨在通过分类建站、分类收运的方式提高城市垃圾的处理效率.调研了南京市浦口区的居民区,在将城市垃圾分为厨余垃圾、可回收垃圾和其他垃圾的基础上,采用重心法进行垃圾处理站的选址,同时采用节约里程法进行收运路线优化,并对两种不同的收运模式相关的路程、成本进行了对比.结果表明该方法可使垃圾收运路程减少5.43%,垃圾收运成本降低10.57%,验证了该模式的实用性.     

对城市生活垃圾转运系统设计几点建议

垃圾收运系统是垃圾产生源与垃圾处理系统之间的连接系统,它由收集、运输和中转三部分组成,城市生活垃圾收集和清运对市容环境影响较大,尤其是数量庞大的垃圾收集点的渗沥液以及散落的垃圾对周边居住环境、城市景观环境产生了不良影响。如何合理的选择收集方式、规划运输体系、设置转运站,直接影响整个城市的市容环境卫生状况。本文就城市生活垃圾转运系统的设计提几点意见。     

淮南市城市生活垃圾现状和处理对策探讨

通过对淮南市城市生活垃圾处理现状的调查,分析了淮南市城市生活垃圾处理过程中存在的诸多问题,指出淮南市生活垃圾的收运和处理模式单一,对城市环境建设及人们的生活造成严重的危害。因此,提出若干处理对策以解决目前所存在的问题,并主要分析了适合淮南市生活垃圾处理的方法为分选回收和剩余物填埋,供相关部门参考。     

乌鲁木齐市城市生活垃圾收运现状与对策研究

以乌鲁木齐市的四个中心城区为调研对象,分析乌鲁木齐市生活垃圾收运现状以及存在的一些问题,并提出建立和完善乌鲁木齐市生活垃圾收运系统的对策及建议.     

X市城乡生活垃圾收运系统项目对政府与社会资本合作(PPP)模式选择的研究

随着我国经济的飞速发展,民众的环保意识的觉醒,政府也意识到环保类民生工程发展的重要性,并且出台相关支持政策以支持其良好快速发展。十八届三中全会提出了允许社会资本金以特许经营的方式参与基础设施的建设和运营,为响应该政策各省也纷纷成立政府与社会资本合作(PPP)项目相关部门探索公司合营的发展。本文以X市为响应政府政策,大力推进PPP模式下城乡环境一体化生活垃圾收运体系为背景,对城乡生活垃圾收运系统项目的 PPP模式的选择进行了研究分析,从可行性和物有所值评价两个方面进行研究,得出X市适用的PPP模式为建设-运营-移交(BOT)模式。     

大连市城市生活垃圾处理现状与发展

大连市城市生活垃圾处理现状与大连市整洁的外观及国家旅游城市的美名并不相符．城市生活垃圾的收运现状、收运设施设备现状、尤其是末端处理现状都需要加以改善．针对这些情况大连市做出了努力：推广了地埋式清洁柜,计划建设垃圾中转站;更新引进先进的垃圾收运设施;封场覆盖绿化前两期填埋区,三期应急处置工程已经建成,再配合渗滤液处理厂、沼气收集发电项目以及垃圾焚烧处理项目,大连市垃圾处理状况将会有很大的改善．     

垃圾收运系统设备的应用

随着我国城市人口的增加及居民生活水平的提高,我国产生的各类垃圾量大幅增加,垃圾处理方法和处理技术也呈现多样化发展趋势,各类垃圾收运系统设备技术水平稳步提高。笔者结合我国城市垃圾收运的实际情况谈谈各类垃圾收运系统设备的应用。     

城市地下垃圾中转站选址及两级转运联合最优方案研究

[目的]城市垃圾收运系统作为垃圾回收处理的重要环节,研究这一系统的合理规划对城市垃圾有效治理意义重大.[方法]结合城市垃圾收运模式、地下物流系统与选址-分配理论,建立以地下垃圾中转站建设成本、垃圾转运成本和管理成本之和最小为目标的选址及转运数学规划模型.借助36组大规模算例和优化软件CPLEX进行仿真实验及实例演练分析.[结果]实验结果表明:1)建立的模型可快速求解所有的算例;2)所研究问题复杂度随着问题规模的增加急剧增加;3)考虑需求的可拆分相对于不可拆分的方案可节约22％的运营成本.[结论]研究成果不仅可拓展垃圾中转站选址及转运问题现有理论,而且可为城市垃圾收运系统的合理规划提供科学指导,以期缓解城市垃圾收运压力、改善城市居住环境.     

城市垃圾两种收集系统的环境效益对比分析

随着城市化进程的加快和城镇人口规模的不断扩大,城市生活垃圾量随着经济社会生活的发展和人口的增加也在不断地增多,如何高效、环保地收集垃圾成为城市亟待解决的难题。通过对传统地面垃圾收集系统与地下真空垃圾收集系统的污染物来源以及各自的环境效益分析,明确了城市垃圾两种收集系统污染物排放量的影响因素。利用定量分析方法,确定两种不同的垃圾收集系统在垃圾收运过程中产生的二氧化碳(CO2 )、二氧化硫(SO2) 、氮氧化合物(NOx )3种主要环境污染物的排放量,结合中新天津生态城具体案例研究结果表明,地下真空垃圾收集系统比传统地面垃圾收集系统产生的污染物排放量少,具有更好的环境效益。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the