烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

超图嵌入带权重圈的一个2-近似算法

超图嵌入带权圈(HEWC)问题就是把超图的超边以路的形式嵌入一个带权圈, 使得圈上任何带权连接边的最大阻塞最小。这个问题的一个简单形式是图嵌入带权圈(GEWC),即把普通图的边以路的形式嵌入 一个带权圈。HEWC问题第一次被归结为一个整数线性规划问题,并且利用LP的放松问题和有界启发得到一个近似解。 然后设计了一个非常简单有用的可以和LP近似算法得到一样好的近似解的线性时间近似算法。     

超图的可平面性算法

随着超图理论在实际问题中的深入应用,其平面性研究也更加具有意义.回顾了超图的一般理论,给出了超图的二部图概念,并在此基础上给出了超图的可平面性算法.该算法是多项式时间算法,是有效算法.     

用最小零偏差定理逼近多项式函数的低次公式及其 Matlab程序设计

对n次多项式,切比雪夫多项式最小零偏差定理给出了求其n次最佳逼近多项式的方法.在此定理基础上,本文讨论了关于n-k(n＜k)次逼近多项式的问题,并对其进行了误差分析和自动化程序的实现.     

A Worst-case execution time analysis approach based on independent paths for ARM programs

To overcome disadvantages of traditional worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis approaches, we propose a new WCET analysis approach based on independent paths for ARM programs. Based on the results of program flow analysis, it reduces and partitions the control flow graph of the program and obtains a directed graph. Using linear combinations of independent paths of the directed graph, a set of feasible paths can be generated that gives complete coverage in terms of the program paths considered. Their timing measurements and execution counts of program segments are derived from a limited number of measurements of an instrumented version of the program. After the timing measurement of the feasible paths are linearly expressed by the execution times of program seg-ments, a system of equations is derived as a constraint problem, from which we can obtain the execution times of program segments. By assigning the execution times of program segments to weights of edges in the directed graph, the WCET estimate can be calculated on the basis of graph-theoretical techniques. Comparing our WCET estimate with the WCET measurement obtained by the exhaustive measurement, the maximum error ratio is only 8.259 3 %. It is shown that the proposed approach is an effective way to obtain the safe and tight WCET estimate for ARM programs.     

几类特殊平面图的圈包装问题

给定一个无向连通图G，圈包装问题就是求G的边不相交圈的最大数目．此问题在一般图下是APX困难问题，在平面图下是NP困难问题．主要证明了在几类特殊的平面图下多项式时间可得到最优解．主要考虑外平面图，系列平行图和平面欧拉图这三类特殊的平面图．     

一种基于熵的超网络重叠社团检测算法

研究了超网络的社团划分问题。超网络是实际应用中的超图,而超图则是一种广义上的图,它的一条超边可以连接任意多个顶点。提出了一个基于熵的超网络社团检测算法,该算法是对Cha等人的算法的推广,能够检测出重叠社团。将这两种算法应用到了中国大陆图论科研合作超网络中,对结果进行了分析和比较,认为提出的算法是有效的。     

有向超图的可平面性算法

随着有向超图理论在实际问题中的深入应用，其平面性研究也更加具有意义．本文回顾有向超图的一般理论，给出了有向超图结构图的概念，并在此基础上给出有向超图的可平面性算法．由于有向超图的结构图是简单有向图，故有向超图的可平面性算法建立在对一般图的可平面性判断上，该算法是多项式时间算法，是有效算法．     

Parameter Ecology for Feedback Vertex Set

This paper deals with the FEEDBACK VERTEX SET problem on undirected graphs, which asks for the existence of a vertex set of bounded size that intersects all cycles. Due it is theoretical and practical importance,the problem has been the subject of intensive study. Motivated by the parameter ecology program we attempt to classify the parameterized and kernelization complexity of FEEDBACK VERTEX SET for a wide range of parameters.We survey known results and present several new complexity classifications. For example, we prove that FEEDBACK VERTEX SET is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by the vertex-deletion distance to a chordal graph. We also prove that the problem admits a polynomial kernel when parameterized by the vertex-deletion distance to a pseudo forest, a graph in which every connected component has at most one cycle. In contrast, we prove that a slightly smaller parameterization does not allow for a polynomial kernel unless NP coNP=poly and the polynomial-time hierarchy collapses.     

与或图数据库的关系模式规范化算法

在图论基础上提出了与或图数据库。以与或图为描述工具的一种新的数据库理论 ,它使数据库的理论更加直观 ,算法更加简洁。给出了与或图数据库的定义、规范化理论、无冗余和既约化理论 ,证明了它与关系数据库的等价性 ;然后给出了依赖集存在冗余和既约的必要条件 ,讨论了无损分解在与或图形式下的特性 ,从而形成了与或图数据库关系模式分解的规范化算法。结合实例阐述了与或图数据库比关系数据库更加形象直观 ,便于理解学习 ,且为图论和人工智能各种算法在数据库应用中的引入奠定了相应的基础     

工件有到达时间的平行机分批排序问题的一个PTAS算法(英文)

研究工件有到达时间的最小化加权完工时间和的平行机分批排序问题,通过综合运用实例转换,工件分类和动态规划等方法提出了一个多项式时间近似框架.