长江江豚迁地保护概述

长江江豚(Neophocaena phocaenoides asaeorientalis)是江豚的扬子亚种,目前其种群数量已经不足1 400头,处于十分濒危的状况.其生态环境受到人为极大的影响,且在可预见的将来没有好转的迹象,因此,迁地保护长江江豚被认为是最有希望避免其灭绝的保护策略.目前,中国科学院水生生物研究所在室内豚池、石首天鹅洲白豚国家级自然保护区和铜陵淡水豚国家级自然保护区在半自然水域均构建了长江江豚迁地保护种群.该文概述了40多年来国内长江江豚迁地保护的成果及现状,探讨了今后开展迁地保护工作应注意的重点问题.做好长江江豚的保护工作,建立更多的迁地保护区是根本措施;开展长江江豚繁殖学研究是主要对策;规范和统一保护行动是有效途径.     

江豚,可爱的“江猪”

正2016年2月,我在南京江豚观赏地和南京江豚保护协会的定点观测点——南京下关码头段,拍摄到了我国的珍稀濒危野生动物江豚。南京是我国唯一能在市区内近距离观赏江豚的城市。江豚离岸最近时仅有10米远,它们每隔一分钟就要换一次气,黑黑胖胖的背影不时地浮出水面或者潜入江中。因为江豚体形圆     

南京～湖口段长江江豚的种群数量和分布特点

长江南京～湖口间４２１ｋｍ长的江段有江豚约６９７头,其中以华阳至湖口一带密度最高．江豚的分布为聚集分布．此外,江豚还具有很强的趋岸性,８８．８％的江豚出现在离岸５００ｍ的范围内．长江江豚的数量近年来有所下降．以本文中的平均密度粗略估计江阴至武汉段长江江豚的种群数量为１４８１头,比张先锋等（１９９３）报道的该江段江豚的数量低１７１头．     

长江江豚保护生物学研究进展

近年来研究表明长江江豚(Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)是江豚(Neophocaena phocaenoides)的一个亚种,其种群数量明显减少,栖息地正在丧失。我国已有长江江豚30年饲养实践经验,建立长江豚类自然保护区,同时开展长江江豚饲养下的行为学与繁殖学研究,是保护本种积极有效的措施。     

长江江豚

江豚（Neophocaenaphocaenoides），是鼠海豚科仅有的一种，有3个亚种：分布于印度洋沿岸及香港的印度洋江豚；分布于长江、湘江和赣江的长江江豚；分布于韩国及日本的东亚江豚。     

北部湾海域的江豚

从北部湾海域获得11只江豚标本,测量了其外部形态的26个生物学参数,包括体质量、体长、体围、背部棘状小结节等.对内脏及胃含物称重,并详细鉴定食物种类,结果显示:江豚食谱广,以鱼为主,食物组成与该海域的鱼类区系相似.测量了背、腹部前、中、后6个位置的脂肪层厚度,并根据背部棘状小结节的分布,判定为南方亚种Neophocaena phocaenoides.除了大小尺度不同,江豚幼体与成体间在外部形态和内部器官的分化上差别不大.     

鄱阳湖——长江江豚最后的避难所?

江豚的分布和种群分化江豚是一种小型齿鲸,在亚洲热带和温带近岸水域、河口和一些大型内陆河流、湖泊均有分布。江豚的地理分布区西起阿拉伯海的波斯湾、巴基斯坦     

危乎＂河神＂

最近，一幅题为“哭泣的江豚”的照片在互联网上广为流传。虽然水生哺乳动物专家已经给出解释：照片里的江豚流的不是眼泪，而是身体受到刺激后分泌的一种透明黏液，这种自发分泌的黏液可以使江豚在陆地上时起到保护眼睛的作用。但专家也同时指出，这种液体是江豚身体对焦虑的一种应急反应。     

2004年中国境内十个谜团(下)

6.仓库神奇起火一天70次院中几间堆放纸品的仓库不时地出现零星的火点,时而又冒起阵阵的白烟,火情次数竟多达70次,而这仅仅是因为那里的仓库管理员从旁边经过。起火原因是什么至今仍扑朔迷离。相关报道见北京科技报2004年8月17日《仓库神奇起火一天70次》7.江豚神秘死亡之谜五只国家二级保护动物江豚在洞庭湖先后神秘死亡。此间传言四起:江豚遇难是因为游进了一个“神秘的死亡地带”。专家调查分析认为,元凶是环境污染。相关报道见北京科技报2004年6月22日《江豚集体死亡调查》8.白发怪物难倒科学家一块长着飘逸“白发”的卵形石头引起公众…     

江豚还能微笑多久？

本刊2007年第4期刊发了王克雄老师的《我们能否帮助江豚摆脱困境？》一文,7年来,王老师和他的同事一直在对江豚进行跟踪、调查、研究和保护。曾经处于生存危境的江豚如今过得怎么样？它们是否会重蹈白豚的覆辙？我们还能在长江中见到江豚吗？
　　为了解答上述疑问,我们再次邀请王克雄老师延续7年前的主题,为读者介绍江豚的生存状况和保护研究工作进展。希望此举能呼唤更多的人关注长江、关注江豚、关注更多濒危野生生物的命运,思考人与自然的关系。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to