植物修复:重金属污染土壤治理的现代生物技术

介绍了重金属污染土壤植物修复的含义以及重金属超积累植物的特性的基础上,探讨了控制植物修复技术的关键因素,提出了某些提高植物修复污染土壤效率的途径,并对未来的研究方向作了展望。     

重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术的研究进展

土壤重金属污染的植物修复是治理污染土壤的重要手段之一。本文对重金属污染土壤的植物修复的原理、类型与技术以及植物修复的特点进行了综合评价,并对该研究领域存在的问题和今后的研究与应用进行了简要的讨论。     

化学方法强化园林植物修复镉污染土壤的研究进展

植物修复技术以其修复的彻底性和环境友好性逐渐成为污染土壤修复的有效方法之一。在总结当前园林植物修复研究现状的基础上,结合园林植物自身的特性,阐述了园林植物在修复重金属污染土壤中的技术优势,建议通过采用不同化学方法改善重金属在土壤中的存在形态,提高园林植物对重金属离子的富集和转运作用,同时强化园林植物的耐性,以进一步提高园林植物对重金属污染土壤的修复效果,为大规模治理重金属污染土壤和商业化应用提供技术途径和科学依据。     

矿区土壤重金属污染修复技术研究进展

本文分析了土壤重金属污染较严重的几种典型矿区的污染来源及污染现状,发现金属矿区的重金属污染较煤矿区污染更为严重,往往为多金属复合污染,修复较为困难,土壤重金属污染的治理已刻不容缓。并重点评述了应用于矿区重金属污染土壤主要修复技术的国内外研究现状,了解到土壤淋洗技术、土壤固定化技术、植物修复技术和多种修复技术相结合的复合修复技术为现今国内外研究的重点。在此基础上指出了我国在今后的矿区土壤重金属修复方向的研究重点为高效环保的土壤添加剂的研究,超累积植物或大生物量重金属富集植物的筛选和培育以及土壤修复技术的高效联合使用。     

论土壤重金属污染修复技术研究进展

本文主要简述重金属在土壤中的存在形态以及对动植物和人的危害机理,分别从植物修复,微生物修复,化学修复和物理修复几方面介绍进年来重金属污染土壤的修复技术和最新研究进展,对这些修复技术的原理,实例和优缺点进行阐述和对比,以求为重金属污染土壤修复工作的实施提供一些理论依据。     

浅论植物修复技术对土壤重金属污染的清除

分析了土壤重金属的来源及污染现状,简要介绍了植物修复技术的概念并从植物萃取技术、植物挥发技术、植物固化技术3方面阐述了植物修复技术在清除土壤重金属污染方面的应用,且进一步提出了植物修复技术的发展建议。     

木霉属真菌在重金属污染土壤生物修复中的应用潜力分析

微生物强化植物修复成为目前重金属污染土壤生物修复安全有效的手段之一,但目前尚待寻找新的耐重金属的多功能真菌用于修复研究。本文分析了微生物强化植物修复重金属污染土壤的原理及木霉与重金属污染修复相关的功能,并初步阐明了木霉属真菌在重金属污染生物修复中的应用潜力,以期为开发新的安全高效的重金属修复剂提供参考。     

土壤重金属污染及其植物修复研究

土壤污染是当今世界面临的主要环境问题之一.传统的污染土壤的物理化学治理技术具有技术要求和经济成本高,严重破坏土壤结构等缺点,不适于低浓度、大范围污染土壤的治理及应用.与之相比较,植物修复以其修复成本低、无二次污染等独特的优势正受到全世界的普遍关注和重视,并成为环境污染治理研究领域的一个前沿性课题.就我国土壤重金属污染现状与危害、植物修复的原理与优缺点及其研究展望作一简述.     

重金属污染土壤的电动-植物联合修复技术研究进展

土壤电动修复是一种高效的原位修复技术。笔者就电场对植物富集重金属的作用、电场配置方式及其与添加剂的协同影响研究现状进行了分析。多数研究表明:选用合适的电场配置和电场强度,不仅能够提高土壤中重金属的有效性,进而促进植物对污染土壤中重金属的富集,而且对植物生物量具有一定的促进作用。总体来说,选用交流电场或是低强度的直流电场不仅能够提高重金属的生物有效性,还能够避免电场给植物造成的不利影响,是针对重金属污染土壤修复较好的选择。笔者认为,在重金属污染土壤植物修复领域,未来的研究重点在于加强超富集植物与电场联合修复机理研究,研发高效低廉环境友好型强化剂,最终形成针对一种或多种重金属污染土壤的植物-电动联合修复关键技术。     

土壤重金属污染生物修复技术研究进展

从生物修复的概念和重金属污染土壤的方式出发,对重金属污染土壤植物修复和微生物修复两个方面的一般原理、方法和研究动态进行了综述,指出:重金属污染土壤生物修复基本上处于试验开发阶段,其今后研究的重点为探索超积累植物修复的机理,开发土壤改良剂和生物吸附剂以增加效益,超积累植物生物学性状的改善和微生物基因工程菌的构建,以生物修复为核心的联合修复作用的发挥及生物修复指标体系的建立.可以预料,重金属污染土壤生物修复具有很大的发展前景.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.