软土基坑周围地表沉降估算

随着地下空间开发利用规模的加大,基坑工程的数量越来越多,基坑工程问题也越来越多,因此在软土地区由基坑开挖引起的地表沉降越来越受到人们的重视.本文通过上海地区基坑工程实例,在分析总结基坑周围地表沉降变形计算方法的基础上,采用Peck法按指数曲线拟合得出基坑周围地表沉降变形,同时将支护结构变形诱发的地表沉降与实测沉降进行比较.结果表明,该法对基坑周围地表沉降的预测和周围环境的损害预防具有一定的实用性和可靠性,对以后的工程有一定的借鉴意义.     

软土地区基坑支护中地表沉降的实用评估方法

根据软土地区深基坑的经验公式，推导出深基坑开挖中由支护结构变形引起地表沉降的估算公式，提出了按正态分布密度函数拟合基坑周围地表沉降曲线的方法，结合工程实例，与现场实测值作对比分析，说明该方法具有一定的实用性和可行性。     

地铁深基坑开挖对周围地表沉降的影响

为研究基坑在开挖期间引起的地表以及地表上建筑沉降的规律,在理论分析的基础上,结合沈阳柳条湖站基坑现场监测数据,提出了地表沉降数值计算模型,并对计算模型中的参数进行了分析.研究结果表明:考虑支护结构侧移影响下建立起来的数值计算模型具有一定的合理性,能够很好地预测基坑周围地表的沉降趋势;基坑沉降计算模型的建立实现了定量地分析地表沉降问题,能够准确计算基坑周围不同距离地表的沉降值.研究初步建立计算地表沉降的模型,有助于完善沈阳地区地铁车站设计施工过程中地表沉降分析和预测的理论.     

深基坑开挖对周边地表沉降变形的影响

为有效控制基坑周边地表的沉降变形,应用弹塑性大变形理论与有限差分理论,对哈尔滨地区桩-锚支护形式下深基坑开挖引起的周边地表沉降进行了数值模拟,分析了开挖深度、锚杆层数、建筑物距离对基坑周边地表沉降变形的影响规律及基坑周边地表沉降变形的量化范围。结果表明,基坑周边地表的沉降量与沉降范围随锚杆层数的增加而减小;建筑物的存在不仅增大了地表的沉降量,而且使基坑周围地表的最大沉降区向基坑方向移动;当建筑物与基坑的距离小于1.0倍基坑设计开挖深度时,建筑物距离对地表沉降变形的影响较明显;基坑开挖对周边地表的影响范围基本在与基坑边缘相距1.5倍基坑设计开挖深度范围之内。     

软土地区深基坑施工监测与变形特性的时空效应分析

软土地区基坑开挖时周围土体及支护结构的变形与稳定受时间、空间效应影响显著。为研究时空效应对基坑地表沉降、基坑外潜水水位、砼支撑轴力及围护桩深层水平位移的影响,以上海陶家宅块地为工程背景,通过对实测数据进行分析,探讨各个监测项目的变形特性。数据分析表明:地表沉降的最大值位于围护墙后约基坑挖深距离处,1～2倍挖深范围内沉降呈递减趋势;坑角位置处内支撑轴力小于基坑中部,支撑轴力在基坑开挖阶段增速较大,在垫层施工完毕,底板发挥作用后趋于稳定;当基坑开挖深度约为围护桩长1/2时,围护桩深层最大侧向位移出现在自然地面±0.00以下,开挖面以上(0.73～0.82)H范围内;软土地区基坑开挖完成至底板浇筑阶段,土体的蠕变是导致基坑变形随时间变化的主要因素。对坑周地表沉降及基坑不同位置处围护结构侧移提出合理的预测公式,有效地对基坑变形进行动态控制以实现信息化施工。     

黄浦区洛克外滩源深基坑监测研究

结合大量现场实测数据,系统分析了基坑开挖过程中维护结构变形、地表沉降以及周围建筑物的变形规律,监测结果显示:维护墙体变形整体呈"纺锤"状,并具有明显的时空效应,随着开挖深度的不断加深,地下连续墙水平位移的最大值也不断向下移动;地表沉降曲线表现出明显的"沉降盆",在距离基坑边缘一定距离处达到最大值,并随着距基坑距离的不断增大,地表沉降逐渐减小,且深层土体的开挖对地表沉降的影响尤为明显;加强邻近历史建筑物侧的基坑维护和防水措施以及对历史建筑物地基的加固处理有效地控制了历史建筑物沉降.结论对在密集建筑群中软土地基上基坑设计和开挖具有一定的实用价值和借鉴意义.     

上海软土地区深大基坑卸荷变形机制

通过室内K0试验和数值分析以及工程实测,并结合近年来上海软土地区深大基坑的工程实践,对深大基坑卸荷变形的影响因素和影响区域特性以及坑周的地表沉降机制进行了研究,对基坑卸荷变形的影响范围按变形特性进行分析和归纳.结果表明:上海软土深大基坑卸荷变形的影响深度范围为坑底以下2.5倍开挖深度;当基坑开挖宽度达到5倍开挖深度以上时,在围护结构底与影响深度范围内存在深层土体滑移带,坑外地表沉降影响范围扩大到3.5倍开挖深度以上,且地表最大沉降值是基坑侧向变形最大值的1～2倍;深大基坑与窄条基坑的变形特征有明显区别.针对深大基坑卸荷变形的特点,提出了减少和控制其卸荷变形的设计对策和工程措施,以保护周边设施和环境,为软土地区的深大基坑工程设计、施工提供借鉴和参考.     

基坑群深层承压水降水及地层沉降的数值模拟

目的研究软土地区基坑群施工遭遇深层承压水的问题,找出降水后的地层沉降规律.方法以上海市轨道交通换乘枢纽汉中路车站为工程背景,基于多层土地下水分布规律,利用岩土数值分析软件Geo Studio2007,对深层承压水降水的现场运行工况进行模拟.结果分析得出基坑群深层承压水降水后水位分布及其引起的地层沉降规律,并与现场实测数据进行了对比验证.结论承压含水层的上覆土层是否发生压缩变形,与含水层上部相邻土层的透水性密切相关;基坑围护结构对于地表沉降存在隔断作用,表现为围护结构两侧地表沉降值呈现突变;相邻基坑围护结构有利于地表沉降的收敛,一定程度上控制了地表沉降;基坑之间地表沉降呈现线性变化的特点.     

基坑周边地表沉降特征研究

结合某地铁站深基坑施工,对基坑工程设计中常用的基本参数进行了对比研究. 通过对各参数实测数据的曲线拟合和数值计算得出软土地区深基坑开挖对地表沉降的主要影响范围、沉降最大值及支护主体的最大水平位移,并把实测数据的数值计算结果与经验估算值进行比较,验证经验参数对同类软土地区的实际工程适用性,对地表沉降规律提出了分段分析的方法.     

建筑群内深基坑开挖的地表沉降特性数值模拟研究

建筑群内深基坑开挖造成的地表沉降问题是当前基坑计算理论研究的热点问题。采用因子变化法,利用FLAC3D对基坑开挖引起的坑外地表沉降进行了数值模拟研究,并分析参数灵敏度对坑外地表沉降的影响。研究表明:基坑周围建筑物的布置特征、建筑高度和建筑与基坑的距离对基坑外土体的沉降量影响较大,建筑的不均匀分布将增加基坑及周围沉降值;建筑物高度相同时,距离与沉降量成反比关系;当建筑物距离基坑边缘距离相同,建筑物的高度与基坑周围土体沉降量成正比关系;建筑物的高度比建筑物距离基坑边缘的距离对基坑周围土体沉降量的影响更大。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.