包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系近地面流场特征

基于地形和流场实测，研究了包兰铁路沙坡头段铁路防护体系近地面流场沿NNW-SSE方向的变化．结果表明，由于地形变化以及人工植被和草方格的存在，防护带内等风速线沿风向呈逐渐变疏和抬高的趋势，各高度的风速总体上呈递减趋势，风速放大率为负；沙丘迎风坡风速放大率为正，流动沙丘迎风坡风速放大率高于固定沙丘迎风坡．沙丘背风坡2．5m高度内风速放大率总体为负．防护带内的固定沙丘背风坡气流通体减速，各高度的风速放大率全部为负，平均为一1．48％／m．防护带内地表空气动力学特征发生变化，其中沙丘迎风坡地表风速廓线接近于对数率；人工植被带地表空气动力学粗糙度显著高于流沙区．     

新月形沙丘表面流场的数值模拟

利用商用CFD流体计算软件FLUENT,对新月形沙丘流场进行数值模拟,得到沙丘表面气流结构;分析了迎风坡气流加速、背风坡回流区长度与沙丘高度、来流风速之间的关系。结果表明:沙丘高度是影响迎风坡气流加速的主要因素,沙丘高度越高,迎风坡气流加速越大,而来流风速对迎风坡气流加速的影响与沙丘高度比较,是小量可以忽略不计;回流区长度与沙丘高度的比值随着高度的增加而增加。     

障碍物对孤立山丘三维风场的影响

采用数值计算软件FLUENT研究障碍物的尺寸、障碍物与山坡坡底的距离对山丘风场的影响.根据计算结果绘制山顶上方50m处的湍流强度和速度变化图,山丘表面风速值线图以及来流方向分风速等值线图.分析结果表明:障碍物越高,距离山坡坡底越近,山顶风速减小幅度越大,越不稳定;山丘上游存在障碍物时,迎风坡和背风坡均出现低速区;障碍物距离山坡坡底较近时,迎风面上还出现了回流现象.迎风面、背风面的速度变化较大,不适合安装风力机;山丘两侧风速一直变化不大,比较适合安装风力机.     

新月形沙丘表面粒度特征对沙丘发育规模及风向变化的响应——以塔克拉玛干沙漠东南缘新月形沙丘为例

以塔克拉玛干沙漠东南缘新月形沙丘为研究对象,分析3个不同发育规模和相反风向作用后沙丘表面沉积物粒度参数,得出以下结论:1）新月形沙丘表面沉积物以砾石和极粗沙为主,二者总占比79.09%,与之对应的,沉积物概率累积曲线多以蠕移质为主,其次为跃移质．沙丘形态及其表面微地貌变化,使得沉积物粒度特征在沿风向的不同断面呈现3种模式:迎风坡脚最粗、沿迎风坡经丘顶/脊线至背风坡脚逐渐变细,分选丘顶/脊线最好、由此分别至迎/背风坡脚变差;迎风坡上/下部最粗、由此至迎/背风坡脚变细,分选丘顶/脊线最好、由此至迎/背风坡脚变差;迎风坡上/下部最粗、由此至迎/背风坡脚变细,分选迎风坡脚最好、沿迎风坡经丘顶/脊线至背风坡脚变差．2）随沙丘高度增加,迎风坡和背风坡沉积物先变细后变粗,丘顶/脊线逐渐变粗,但分选性均变好;两翼角沉积物粒径差值增大,粒径粗、分选好的短翼角变为长翼角．3）相对于区域主风向（NE）,反风向（SW）作用后,迎风坡沉积物变细、分选变差,丘顶变粗、分选变好,背风坡脚变细、分选无明显变化．迎风坡表面和背风坡脚细沙、极细沙和粉沙总占比增加,砾石和极粗沙总占比减少;丘顶正相反．      

塔克拉玛干别里库姆沙漠胡杨沙堆流场风洞模拟

利用全站仪及RTK对胡杨沙堆进行三维形态实测采样,以实测数据为基础,制作胡杨沙堆实验模型。在风洞中用3组不同风速(6、10、14m/s)对胡杨沙堆模型进行纯气流流场的模拟实验,结合研究区胡杨沙堆表层沉积物样品粒度分布特征,印证流场风洞模拟的准确度,并分别测定在5组不同风速(6、8、10、12、14m/s)下胡杨沙堆后100cm处的输沙率。结果表明:气流在胡杨沙堆迎风坡强度较大,沿着沙堆迎风坡加速爬升;至沙堆背风侧,气流强度明显减弱,一部分气流方向发生逆转形成强涡流区,最终在沙堆后方气流强度逐渐恢复;胡杨沙堆流场变化特征与沙堆表层沉积物平均粒径的分布特征相吻合;胡杨沙堆后方,输沙率随高度的增加呈指数函数迅速降低,风蚀输沙量为无植被时的78%,输沙量较平沙地明显减少。     

植株形态对单植株前后风速变化影响的风洞实验

为了评估不同植株形态对单植株防风能力的差异，本文在风洞中测量了5种不同形态的单植株模型（细长柔性植株、上大下小状柔性植株、2种树状刚性植株和刚性圆木棒）在3种来流风速下，植株前后风速的变化. 结果表明:来流风速对柔性植株下风向相对风速恢复曲线有显著影响，而对刚性植株模型的影响很小； 植株的1/2高度处树状刚性植株的平均防风效应和防护距离一般大于柔性植株；植株迎风面宽度随高度的变化是影响不同高度处风速衰减程度的一个重要因素.      

塔里木石油公路沿线全新世风沙地貌形成演化的初步研究

本探讨了新疆塔里木石油公路沿线全新世风沙地貌类型、发育条件、动力特征和演化历史。研究表明，公路沿线发育多种典型风沙地貌类型。在新月形沙丘的迎风坡，风速和输沙率向上坡增加，背风坡存在涡旋，促使迎风坡风蚀背风坡加积，以至整个沙丘向前的动量得以维持。在线性沙丘表面，沙粒沿着合成输沙方向呈曲折摆动式纵向输移，而在背风坡以显的侧旁气流和沙物质的侧向输移为特征。全新世以来，由于近地面东北风系中偏N风力减弱，偏E风力加强，因此沙漠腹地叠置沙丘落沙坡方位向西偏转。沙漠边缘河流作用与风力作用的相互消长对风沙地貌的形成演化影响巨大，而沙漠腹地风信条件和自然环境表现出相对稳定性。     

基于差分GPS测量数据的抛物线沙丘形态特征研究

以新疆伊犁塔克尔莫乎尔沙漠沙丘为研究对象,运用差分GPS接收机Trimble5700及随机软件的数据分析功能,结合区域风况、植被等自然条件对所选样方沙丘的形态进行了测量和统计分析.结果表明:所研究沙丘的平面形态为U形、开口面向西侧来风方向,弧顶顺风向东凸出,沙丘长轴走向与当地合成风向一致;在纵剖面上,弧顶沙丘坡度呈现迎风坡较缓、背风坡较陡;风蚀洼地和迎风坡上部风蚀特征明显.沙丘形态特征显示,沙漠北部和中部抛物线沙丘发育时间较长,南部沙丘大多处于幼年期阶段.差分GPS测量及其后台数据处理技术是现代风沙地貌形态和动力过程研究的重要手段.     

大跨悬索桥Π形加劲梁处风参数实测与风攻角修正

以一座已建的大跨悬索桥为工程依托，基于现场实测与计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics， CFD）方法研究Π形加劲梁断面气动外形对桥面高度处实测风参数的影响，并提出实测风攻角的修正方法. 进行为期5个月的桥面高度处风速和风攻角现场实测，分析风参数沿桥轴线的分布规律，并比较了桥面高度处迎风侧与背风侧风速仪实测的风速和风攻角；采用计算流体动力学方法模拟气流流经静止加劲梁断面的流场，研究来流风攻角和风速对风速仪安装在加劲梁不同位置处风参数的影响；结合数值模拟结果，通过函数拟合得到Π形加劲梁断面风速仪实测风攻角的修正公式. 结果表明：实测风速在大桥主跨范围内较为接近，且边跨风速相较于主跨风速偏小；现场实测得到的迎风侧风攻角明显大于背风侧，两侧风速基本一致；迎风侧与背风侧的风参数数值模拟结果与现场实测具有一致性，主梁绕流对距主梁20 m范围内的风攻角监测结果均存在一定影响. 通过本文建立的风攻角修正方法，可以根据迎风侧风攻角的实测值得到较为合理的风攻角修正结果.     

栅栏沙丘表面流场的二维数值模拟

数值模拟是研究风沙地貌形态动力学和风沙工程工作原理的有效途径.本文利用数值模拟方法,通过对比不同的迎风坡度以及迎风坡上部设置阻沙栅栏条件下的沙丘近地面流场特征,讨论了沙区道路防护体系前沿"栅栏沙丘"形成发育的流场条件.结果表明,随沙丘迎风坡坡度增大,背风坡回流区变高、变长,且坡度15°后背风坡回流区流场基本不再变化.沙丘迎风坡阻沙栅栏的影响主要体现在气流的提前分离及其背风侧小涡的形成,回流区范围因叠加而变得更高、更远.这种流场变化特征对沙丘表面风沙过程具有显著影响,是形态趋于高大、断面趋于对称的栅栏沙丘形成发展的原因所在.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.