双酶提取蒲公英根多糖工艺优化及其抗氧化性研究

以蒲公英根烘焙粉为原材料,研究了酶添加量、酶解温度和酶解时间在单酶和双酶协同酶解条件下对多糖得率和DPPH自由基清除率的影响,并采用响应曲面法优化了酶解工艺参数。结果表明,单酶法提取1g蒲公英根多糖的适宜条件为:料水比(g∶mL)1∶30,纤维素酶酶解温度50℃,酶添加量1.0mL;木瓜蛋白酶酶解温度60℃、酶添加量2.0mL。双酶法多糖提取率高于单酶法,影响多糖得率的工艺因素主次顺序为酶解时间、酶解温度、酶添加量。适宜的多糖提取条件为:料水比(g∶mL)1∶30,木瓜蛋白酶悬液(200U/mL)添加量1.98mL,纤维素酶悬液(200U/mL)添加量0.99mL,55℃提取1.9h,此时多糖得率为32.97%±0.13%,DPPH 自由基清除率为92.31%±0.25%。烘焙和酶解工艺可提高蒲公英根多糖得率和DPPH自由基清除率。     

黄山石耳多糖的提取及其抗氧化性研究

文章研究了黄山石耳多糖的复合酶法辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化性。通过单因素和L9(33)正交实验确定复合酶的最佳添加量为每0.2g样品中添加240U纤维素酶、720U果胶酶和2 400U木瓜蛋白酶;通过单因素和L9(34)正交实验优化石耳多糖的提取工艺,得出最优条件,即提取温度为60℃,提取时间为1h,pH值为6和料液比1∶40,该工艺条件下多糖提取率为12.52%;通过单因素和L9(33)正交实验优化石耳多糖的醇沉工艺,得出最优醇沉时间为5h,醇沉温度为5℃,乙醇体积分数为80%,此时多糖最终提取率为10.52%。黄山石耳多糖的体外抗氧化性实验结果表明,石耳多糖具有较高的体外抗氧化活性,其对ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基和OH自由基的清除率分别达到82.95%、74.58%和70.87%。     

枸杞渣酶解糖化条件优化

为了合理利用枸杞提取多糖后的残渣，本研究以枸杞渣为原料，通过单因素及响应面试验，分析液料比，复合酶比例，复合酶添加量，酶解时间，酶解温度，pH对枸杞渣还原糖得率的影响，确定最佳酶解工艺。结果表明：枸杞渣酶解的最佳条件为液料比5∶1,复合酶比例1∶4,复合酶添加量2.0 mL,酶解时间3 h,酶解温度63℃,pH 4.5。在该优化条件下，枸杞渣还原糖得率为(68.54±0.09)%,与模型预测值68.83%接近，该模型可用于优化枸杞渣酶解糖化条件。     

SDS强化超声波复合酶法提取黄山野菊花中总黄酮

采用正交试验,以野菊花中黄酮得率为指标,对表面活性剂SDS强化超声波-复合酶法中影响黄酮提取效果的主要因素进行研究。结果表明:酶解最佳提取条件是纤维素酶和果胶酶添加配比为3∶1,添加量为0.04g,酶解温度为30℃,在此基础上提取黄酮得率为8.86%;在复合酶优化结果基础上,进一步进行表面活性剂SDS强化超声处理,SDS强化超声处理的最佳提取条件是料液比1∶50、超声波提取时间65min、SDS溶液质量浓度为0.5%,酶解时间为60min,黄酮得率为13.78%。与其他提取方法相比,SDS强化超声波-复合酶法节能高效。     

复合酶法提取蕨麻多糖及其抗氧化活性研究

确定了复合酶(纤维素酶、果胶酶、中性蛋白酶)提取蕨麻多糖的最佳工艺,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行初步研究.在单因素试验的基础上,设计L9 (33)正交实验和L9(34)正交实验,分别得出复合酶的最佳配比和复合酶法提取蕨麻多糖的最佳提取工艺条件;采用清除·OH(羟基)自由基模型和O2-·(超氧阴离子)自由基模型评价了蕨麻多糖的抗氧化能力.结果表明:复合酶的最佳配比为:纤维素酶2.0％,木瓜蛋白酶1.0％,果胶酶2.0％;最佳工艺条件为∶料液比为1∶30、pH值为4.5,温度为45℃,酶解时间为60min,此时蕨麻多糖的提取率最大为8.12％,同时验证性实验也表明优化得到的提取工艺稳定可靠;蕨麻多糖对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子都具有较强的清除作用,并与浓度呈一定依赖关系,且对羟自由基的清除能力要比超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力强.     

独脚金水溶性多糖的提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

为了获取独脚金多糖(DJPc)的最佳提取工艺条件,采用正交试验设计对水提醇沉法提取DJPc进行优化,并对DJPc进行GC分析和体外清除·OH自由基、DPPH·自由基活性的测定.结果发现得到DJPc的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶18,提取时间2.5h,提取温度80℃,得率为10%;DJPc的单糖组成为Rha、Ara、Xyl、Man、Glc、Gal,其摩尔比为1.0∶0.7∶1.6∶0.8∶1.2∶1.5;在DJPc浓度为2500μg/m L时,得到对·OH自由基和DPPH·自由基的最大清除率,分别为64.9%、50.2%,说明DJPc具有很好的体外抗氧化作用.     

响应曲面法优化超声协同复合酶法提取广金钱草多糖工艺

采取超声波协同复合酶法探究广金钱草多糖的最佳提取工艺.采用加权评分法,以广金钱草多糖的得糖率和含糖量的综合得分为评价指标,考察液料比、超声时间、超声温度、酶解pH、酶解温度和酶解时间因素对广金钱草多糖综合得分的影响,在单因素试验基础上,筛选对广金钱草多糖综合得分影响较大的因素,根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,优化广金钱草多糖的最佳提取工艺.实验研究表明,在复合酶提取(质量比木瓜蛋白酶:纤维素酶:果胶酶=1:1:1),酶添加量固定为1％的条件下,超声协同复合酶法提取广金钱草多糖的最佳提取工艺为:液料比为50:1(g/mL),超声时间为86 min,超声温度为50℃,酶解时间为60 min,酶解温度为60℃,酶解pH为5.5.在此条件下,得到多糖的综合得分达92.02,与响应面模型的预测值相符合.此方法可以很大程度提升广金钱草多糖的提取量,表明利用响应面法优化广金钱草多糖的提取工艺是可行的,可为其工艺提取提供参考.     

复合酶法提取红托竹荪多糖的工艺研究

采用复合酶法提取红托竹荪中的水溶性多糖,通过单因素试验和正交试验研究酶浓度、酶解时间、酶解温度以及酶解pH值对多糖得率的影响.确定复合酶法提取红托竹荪水溶性多糖的最佳条件为:酶浓度为1.5%,酶解时间120 min,酶解温度50℃,酶解pH值为4.5,此条件下的红托竹荪多糖得率为7.98%.     

枸杞蜂花粉多糖超声波提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析

为确定枸杞蜂花粉多糖的最佳提取工艺,采用Box-Behnken试验设计,以提取得率为考察指标,优化超声辅助提取枸杞蜂花粉多糖的工艺,并研究了优化提取工艺条件下多糖的体外抗氧化活性。实验结果表明,超声辅助提取枸杞蜂花粉多糖的优化工艺为:料液比(g/mL)1∶25、提取温度90℃、超声功率240W、超声时间20min,多糖的得率为0.89%~0.91%,与预测值结果相符,表明模型拟合良好、优化工艺可行。体外抗氧化活性实验表明,枸杞蜂花粉多糖有较好的DPPH自由基和ABTS⁺自由基清除能力,但FRAP值较低。研究结果可为枸杞蜂花粉多糖的开发利用提供一定依据。     

海西黑枸杞多糖酶法提取工艺研究及其体外抗氧化性分析

以青海海西黑枸杞为原料,用酶法辅助提取其中的多糖。对比果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶和纤维素酶的辅助提取效果,以料液比、加酶量、酶解时间和酶解温度为因素进行单因素实验,考察其对黑枸杞多糖提取率的影响,利用响应面法进一步优化黑枸杞多糖提取工艺参数,并对提取的多糖进行体外抗氧化性分析。结果表明:(1)果胶酶辅助提取黑枸杞多糖的效果最好,最佳提取条件为料液比1∶35(g∶mL)、加酶量0.02 g、酶解时间60 min、酶解温度30℃,提取率达到最大值26.60%,与模型方程理论预测值26.90%相对误差为1.12%;(2)海西黑枸杞多糖对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基具有较强的清除作用。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.