INTER-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION SECRETARIAL ENGLISH

Secretarial English learners who will contact with many kinds of people may be required to communicate with people from other countries, intercultural communication is involved in their work in the future, they will meet cultural shock, make cultural mistakes if they learn nothing about it. In order to communicate cross-culture smoothly, they need to acquire cultural differences. But the face is that filling students head with knowledge (of language) almost become the whole thing, cultural differences is neglected in teaching and learning .The main source of their learning -textbooks have not presented materials of culture difference. The learners seem to know little about cultural differences, except a few personal questions that are told not to ask.     

How to Take a Correct Attitude Towards Students''''Errors

As everybody knows, in learning English, listening, speaking, reading and writing are the major parts. In the process of learning English, the students endeavour to get every sound right, to spell every word correctly and to speak English without making any mistakes. But in real terms it is impossible. Most students don't realise that making errors is a natural part of the accquisition process. So many students of English are always worrying about making errors. They often ask themselves, 'Why?' when they make a mistake. In order to find out, let's divide the subject into three parts for discussion. Everyone knows that most learners insist on a conventional idea about errors in learning.They usually think that making errors is not good. If someone makes a mistake he will be laughed at by the others. In this case, the students are constantly afraid of being laughed at by the others.Then, when they are asked to answer the teacher's questions, they often     

A Symbolistic Study of Robert Frost＇s＂The Road not Taken＂ and ＂Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening＂

Synabolism is a major literary theory which is often adopted by many poets. It refers to the use of symbols to represent things. Robert Frost is among the best poets who are well-known for the symbolic poems. His poems are easily understood since they are written like everyday speech. Robert Frost uses natural symbolism in a lot of his poems. He has written about the natural scenes and wildlife so much that some people consider him as a natnre Doer.     

What are universities for?

Governments worldwide rightly regard universities as fundamental to the achievement of many national priorities. But it is the paper’s contention that many misunderstand their true benefit to society. Investments in universities are increasingly based on the belief that the science labs in particular of research-intensive universities can be the source of a continuous stream of people and ideas that will spawn innovative and fast growing companies to form the nexus of the knowledge-based economy. This belief is a source of misconceived policies that offer only ultimate disillusion. It is the totality of the university enterprise that is important, as the only place where that totality of ourselves and our world is brought together, and which makes it the strongest provider of the rational explanation and meaning that societies need. In research, universities create new possibilities; in teaching, they shape new people. Its graduates learn to seek the true meaning of things: to distinguish between the true and the merely seemingly true, to verify for themselves what is stable in that very unstable compound that often passes for knowledge. It is the complex, interacting whole of the university that is the source of the separate economic, social, cultural and utilitarian benefits valued by society. It needs to be understood, valued and managed as a whole. These perceptions are a direct challenge to not only to governments but to university administrators who have been either cowed or seduced into the slipshod thinking that is leading to demands that universities cannot satisfy, whilst obscuring their most important contributions. The challenge to both is to permit autonomy without oppressive accountability, and to give staff and students the freedom to think, speculate and research. These are the very conditions of the personal and collective creativity that are the sources of a university’s deepest benefits to its society.     

Communication Styles and Business English Teaching

Nowadays,more and more people in the business community realize an urgent need to use English to cope with increasing economic globalization.Some people claim that they cannot communicate well because they do not learn English vocabulary and grammar well.However,we should understand that linguistic capability and communicative competency are two different things.Communicative competency is in fact largely affected by the culture that a language represents.This paper will focus on differences between the ways in which Chinese English speakers and native English speakers communicate in business situations,and furthermore,analyze their cultural roots.The purpose of this paper is to make people be more aware of the difficulties or problems that may occur when using English in business activities,and therefore,improve the ability to reduce or avoid misunderstandings,embarrassment and even conflicts in cross-cultural communication.     

Truth Discovery from Conflicting Data: A Survey

With the rocketing progress of the Internet, it is easier for people to get information about the objects that they are interested in. However, this information usually has conflicts. In order to resolve conflicts and get the true information, truth discovery has been proposed and received widespread attention. Many algorithms have been proposed to adapt to different scenarios. This paper aims to investigate these algorithms and summarize them from the perspective of algorithm models and specifi...     

Functionalist Approaches to Advertisement Translation

The 1970s saw a development of the Functionalism, with its three representative scholars Katharina Reiss, Hans. Vermeer and Justa Holz Manttari. Kathafina Reiss proposed the text type theory; Vermeer brought up the skopostheory and Mantarri translational action theory. The Functional theories are very useful for the translators to adopt a right translation strategy. In these years, various kinds of advertisement have appeared in people＇s daily life. They are becoming one important part in our culture. The companies need advertisementS to sell their productS and the consumers need the advertisement to decide which brand to buy after comparison. This paper will discuss how they are applied to the advertisement translation     

On site tests to estimate aquifer permeability of drainage area of south caisson anchorage construction of Taizhou Bridge

During the construction of the south caisson anchorage of Taizhou Bridge, the drainage area is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the permeability of stratums there is considerable. In order to maintain progress and guarantee safety during the sinking of the caisson, water should be drained in the initial period. Subsequently, detailed information about the aquifer permeability is required to make sure that the drainage will proceed successfully, which consequently necessitates the on-site estimation of the aquifer permeability in the drainage area. Therefore, the traditional pumping test and slug test are implemented respectively on site. The comparison of computational results of these two tests indicates that they are consistent overall. Notwithstanding, as slug test can be conducted with portable facilities in a short time and the manipulation is easy and few people need to be involved, the advantages of slug test is conspicuous compared with the traditional pumping test. It could be speculated that slug test will gain a prevalent application in the measurement of aquifer permeability in the future.     

Teach with movies——Educate and Entertain with Hamlet

In modern time, with the development of the society and the intensity of competition, the demand for people of great ability is increasing. So education is becoming very important and various ways of education arise. This paper is intended to introduce the ways of how to apply movies to teaching effectively by illustration and deduction. This paper is going to take Hamlet as an example of how to teach by using movies.     

One Way to Eliminate Corruption-Educating People——Brief Introduction on Bid

This article,according to the author's working experience in a hydropewer project,briefly introducessome basic knowledge about bidding process and sample contract document.It is aiming at giving a commonknowledge to the students who will be involved in work relating to bid after their graduation in the college.It ishoped that this kind of knowledge can help people properly use funds for a project and thus corruption can beminimized.     

The cultural connotations of animal idioms among different countries

From the day that human beings came into existence,people began to encounter all kinds of animals.The primitive beings at an early age lived only on what the nature offered them and they hunted wild animals with stone implements.Instead of the essential maigre food,they took their own-made implements to capture animals in order to maintain their life.Through years of struggle with animals,human beings are closely related to animals and many customs and idiomatic usages about animals have come into existence,which makes the special culture based on them appear and the emotions human beings show to those animals have got deepened.From what has been mentioned above,we can see that ecological culture about animals has much to do with human society.So it can be said that the culture of human society originates from ecological culture.Different nations have their own totem,that is to say,every nation has its own preference for animals.Some quality and character is often associated with some sort of animal,but these associations seldom or have nothing to do with science.These associated character or quality with animals differ in different countries.The paper mainly talks about some idioms about animals and their translation and the same or different associations reflected by these idioms under the different cultural environment between China and English language.Chapter One mainly talks about the different cultural connotation and translation of idioms relating to the same animals between Chinese and English.Chapter Two mainly talks about the same cultural connotation and translation of idioms relating to the same animals between Chinese and English.     

Tree-ring precipitation records from Baiyinaobao,Inner Mongolia since A.D. 1838

Tree rings have attracted the wide attention of geo- environmental and climatic scientists due to its high resolution and accuracy. Lots of important results about climatic change have been obtained for the last 100 to 2000 years when it has no instrumental observation and people are very concerning about it nowadays. For example, by using tree-ring data, temperature, precipitation and drought history have been reconstructed back to hundreds of or thousands of years for different regions in th…     

Language Context and English Teaching

Improvisation or transfer is the core of a course,based on the communicative approach. That is,the students are required to transfer what they learned in the textbook to real-life situation as far as possible. And in the present-day textbook of Middle School, the courses are organized in authentic everyday situations in which students can easily identify. So in the process of English teaching,it is very important for the teachers to set the language contexts correctly and flexibly.     

The Differences between English Synonyms

English is particularly rich in synonyms for many reasons. Based on semantic similarity, synonyms are usually arranged into synonymic groups or sets. Some words are different in meaning; some words are different in emotional and stylistic colouring; Some words are different in collocation and distribution. So it is very indispensable to analyze the general methods of English synonyms.     

The Semantic Analysis of Lexical Ambiguity

Lexical ambiguity is a very common phenomenon in English and other language,which brings many troubles to people in communication.And that is also why people have deeply studied this phenomenon for a long time.This thesis makes a profound analysis of lexical ambiguity from semantic perspective.The thesis talks about the three sources that contribute to lexical ambiguity: homonyms,polysemy and word class ambiguity.Through the analysis of lexical ambiguity from semantic perspective,this thesis aims at helping people eliminate troubles in communication.     

A Preliminary Study on the English Translation of Chinese Idioms

As we all know,some Chinese idioms are very different from English idioms in their constitutions and the figurative usages.How to comprehend and translate those idioms is a troublesome problem for most children.This paper will help you to make a successful translation.This paper falls into three parts.The first part,gives a brief introduction about the features of idioms.The second part gives a detailed introduction about how to retain those character in translation and the methods of translating idioms.And finally,it sums up several problems which we should pay attention to in translating idioms.     

The Application of Survey Study and Experimental Study to Second Language Acquisition

Survey study and experimental study are two kinds of important methods in applied linguistics.They are typically to collect quantitative data in the research of SLA.However,they are different.This paper mainly demonstrates their application to the research of SLA through the comparative analysis of these two kinds of studies.This will offer researchers a reference which study is better for their SLA research.     

Clarification of Mosuo Culture

Mosuo people are often misunderstood by mass media,scholars and even experts.As time goes by,people tend to accept Mosuo people as legendary.Many think that Mosuo in today’s world are not acceptable,and their existence is not reasonable.The focus of this paper is to clear up any misunderstandings people may have about Mosuo people and their culture.I wish to demonstrate that Mosuo people are not uncivilized,incestuous or fatherless.     

The Quantitative Analysis of Test Papers

Testing, as a part of English teaching, is a very important procedure, not just because it can be a valuable source of information about the effectiveness of learning and teaching but also because it can improve teaching. But most people are only interested in the scores of the test and neglect the reliability of the scores. This article tries to describe the test paper quantificationally and thus has the conclusion that the scores are imperfect.     

Is the Internet an Effective Marketing Tool to "Generation X" on Fashion?

Generation X (Xers) is a group of people born between 1961-1981. They grew up in an era of technology, in which they have more chances to access the internet for information than the previous generation (Baby boomers). In this study, the reasons of setting up a fashion web site and its barriers are investigated. Besides, the behavior and attitude of Xers on the internet fashion marketing and the impact of fashion web site (FWS) on Xers was examined. As the internet fashion marketing in Hong Kong is not a full fiedged marketing tool to Xers in the mean time, recommendations about how to design an attractive FWS to Xers have been given.