EuI2-KI二元系相图的研究

用差热分析(DTA)和X射线衍射(XRD)的方法则定了EuI2-KI二元体系在3×10-4pa压强下的低压相图,并应用CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagram,相图计算)技术对这一实验相图进行热力学优化计算,获得一组描述该体系液相的热力学数据,并根据这些数据计算了热力学自洽的相图.
     

EuI_2-KI二元系相图的研究

用差热分析(DTA) 和X 射线衍射(XRD) 的方法则定了EuI2 - KI二元体系在3 ×10 -4Pa 压强下的低压相图,并应用CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagram ,相图计算) 技术对这一实验相图进行热力学优化计算,获得一组描述该体系液相的热力学数据,并根据这些数据计算了热力学自洽的相图。     

相图边界理论在物理化学教学中的应用

主要将相图边界理论应用到物理化学的教学中.利用相图边界理论,讨论了物理化学的相平衡一章中,相图的点、线、面和相区及其边界的物理意义.紧邻相区及其边界关系的理论可以应用到二元及三元体系相图中,这对进一步利用热力学平衡原理计算各种边界都是十分重要的.     

LiF-NaF-KF体系的相图计算

基于CALPHAD技术首先评估了LiF-NaF和LiF-KF两个二元熔盐体系,液相和端际固溶体Halite相均采用RedlichKister多项式置换熔体模型描述,模型参数的优化选取实验相平衡数据和热化学数据以及本文根据第一性原理预测的数据.结合文献中已报道的NaF-KF体系的热力学参数,用Muggianu模型扩展至LiF-NaF-KF三元体系,根据三元共晶点的实验数据调整三元交互参数.最终的相图计算结果与绝大部分实验数据和第一原理计算数据吻合较好,由此获得了一套自洽且可靠的热力学参数,其能够准确描述LiF-NaF-KF体系的相平衡与热力学性质.     

HoCl3-NaCl二元系的热力学优化计算

参照实验测定的相图和热力学数据,运用CALPHAD技术对HoCl3-NaCl体系进行了热力学优化和计算.引入短程有序-扩展似化学模型来描述HoCl3-NaCl二元体系液相的Gibbs自由能.通过计算机辅助分析对Na3HoCl6、NaHoCl4、NaHo2Cl7化合物的一系列热力学函数进行了研究.优化计算的热力学参数以及相图与实验测定相图是热力学自洽一致的.     

无铅焊料合金的组织结构与性能

无铅焊料成为电子组装行业的主要焊接材料。在无铅焊料的发展过程中,各种各样的无铅焊料不断涌现,对于无铅焊料合金的组织结构特点和性能的了解就显的十分重要。本文就对几种主要的无铅焊料合金的组织结构和性能进行分析介绍。     

计算热力学：相图计算法

相图广泛应用于材料研究及材料工程,用以了解材料的组成,微结构和工艺条件之间的关系。但是实验确定的相图通常仅仅适用于二组分体系和某些三组分体系,对更多组分的体系应用很少。在复杂系统中,相图计算法（Calphad）常被用作对各相的热力学性质进行建模及模拟多组分体系的相行为。相图计算法基于这样一个事实：即相图代表一个体系的热力学性质。如果知道体系的热力学性质就能够计算出多组分体系的相图。     

CALPHAD技术在稀土氯化物-碱土金属氯化物二元系相图中的应用

随着科学技术的不断发展,CALPHAD技术已经成为相图研究的一个非常重要的方法和手段．根据稀土氯化物一碱土金属氯化物二元系相图的实验数据,利用CALPHAD技术可以获得一系列热力学参数,这些热力学参数为稀土金属的冶炼工业生产提供了非常重要的指导．     

SMT无铅焊接工艺

无铅焊接技术将成为今后电子装联技术的主流,本文主要介绍了SMT无铅焊料的选择、无铅焊技术的应用,以及影响因素进行了分析和研究,并对无铅焊技术今后的发展方向提出了看法     

Be—Cr二元体系热力学优化

在评估现有文献实验相图数据的基础上,采用Calphad技术优化和计算了Be--Cr二元合金体系平衡相图.液相和端际固溶体相采用替换式溶体溶液模型,化学计量比中间化合物CrBe2和CrBe12采用Neumann--Kopp规则描述它们的热力学函数.利用优化所得的热力学参数计算相图,结果能很好地解释大部分实验数据.本工作还采用Miedema模型估算了中间化合物CrBe2和CrBe12的摩尔生成焓,并与热力学计算值比较,所得结果符合良好.     

Development and application of phase diagrams for Li-ion batteries using CALPHAD approach

Phase diagrams provide fundamental knowledge about design map of new electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. The CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach is widely applied to the development of phase diagrams and property diagrams in a thermodynamic language. Within the CALPHAD framework, the theoretical modeling can be performed to predict phase equilibria, thermodynamics, electrochemical and physical properties of electrodes. This review provides the successful application of high quality calculated phase diagrams and thermodynamic property diagrams in CALPHAD investigation to both cathodes and anodes of Li-ion batteries, including Li–Co–O, Li–Ni–O, Li–Co–Ni–O, Li–Mn–O, Li–Cu–O, Li–Si, Li–Sb and Li–Sn systems with. The intensive CALPHAD-type research may also predict electrochemical properties, cell performance of the Li-ion batteries to achieve more efficient development of electrode materials.     

Sn-8Zn-3Bi-P无铅钎料微观组织及性能

研究了Sn-8Zn-3B i-xP钎料的抗氧化性、熔点、组织及力学性能.热重分析表明:P元素的加入显著降低了钎料熔体表面的氧化量;采用俄歇能谱分析氧化层的成分和厚度,发现含P的钎料表面形成的ZnO层厚度明显降低,约为80 nm;对合金进行差热分析发现少量P的加入并不改变钎料的熔点和熔程;P的加入对钎料合金的强度几乎没有影响,但却降低了合金的塑性,这是因为含P合金中有粗大的富Zn相形成,断口分析显示在Zn相与Sn相晶界上容易出现裂纹,从而导致钎料的塑性下降.     

无钎焊料与Zr基块状非晶合金的润湿行为

通过座滴法研究了Sn-In、Sn-Bi和Sn-Ag-Cu三种焊料分别与块状非晶合金Zr44Cu40Al8Ag8的润湿行为.结果显示在三种焊料中,Sn-In对块状非晶合金Zr44Cu40Al8Ag8的润湿性最好,而Sn-Bi焊料对块状非晶合金Zr44Cu40Al8Ag8的润湿性最差.利用扫描电镜研究了Sn-In焊料与块状非晶合金Zr44Cu40Al8Ag8的界面特征,其界面处有化合物出现.     

CALPHAD modeling of molar volume

Databases concerning basic physical properties of materials, such as molar volume, density, thermal expansion coefficient, elastic constants, thermal conduc- tivity, etc., are essential parts of the underlying knowledge for materials design. While thermodynamic databases provide chemical driving forces and phase equilibrium data, physical property databases provide essential physical parameters, such as volume, lattice constant, lattice misfit, elastic energy, interfacial energy, etc., for phase transfor- mation and microstructure simulations. Combined with thermodynamic databases, physical property databases established on the basis of the calculation of phase diagram （CALPHAD） method can be used to calculate physical properties together with phase equilibria, phase fractions, phase compositions, and thermodynamic properties for multi-component and multi-phase material systems and for the constituent phases. In this paper, we will discuss in detail various volume models based on the CALPHAD method which are capable of describing experimental data in a wide range from cryogenic temperatures to melting points, from the atmospheric pressure to high pressures for pure substances as well as multi-component and multi- phase materials.     

LaF3-NaF体系的热力学优化

运用新改进的用于短程有序体系的对近似似化学模型对LaF3-NaF体系进行了优化，并运用CALPHAD技术对相图进行了计算．改进的似化学模型用来描述体系的吉布斯自由能．借助计算机辅助分析。计算得出一些热力学函数．计算的相图和热力学参数是热力学自恰一致的．     

Computational thermodynamics,computational kinetics,and materials design

Computational thermodynamics, known as CALPHAD method when dawned in 1950s, aimed at cou- pling phase diagrams with thermochemistry by computa- tional techniques. It eventually evolves toward kinetic simulations integrated with thermodynamic calculations, i.e., computational kinetics, including diffusion-controlled phase transformation, precipitation simulation, and phase- field simulation. In the meantime, thermodynamic, mobility, and physical property databases for multi-component and multi-phase materials, served as basic knowledge for materials design, are critically evaluated by CALPHAD approach combining key experiments, first-principles cal- culations, statistic methods, and empirical theories. The combination of these computational techniques with their conjugated databases makes it possible to simulate phase transformations and predict the microstructure evolution in real materials in a foreseeable future. Further links to micro- and macro-scale simulations lead to a multi-scale compu- tational framework, and aid the search for the quantitative relations among chemistry, process, microstructures, and materials properties in order to accelerate materials devel- opment and deployment. This is a new route of materials and process design pursued by Integrated Computational Materials Engineering （ICME） and Materials Genome Ini- tiative （MGI）. This article presents a review on the basic theories and applications, the state of the art and perspective of computational thermodynamics and kinetics.     

EuCl3-CaCl2二元系的热力学优化和计算

引入短程有序-扩展似化学模型来描述EuCl3-CaCl2二元体系液相的Gibbs自由能,根据实验测定的相图和混合焓数据,运用CALPHAD技术对该体系进行了热力学优化和计算,优化计算的结果和实测值符合很好.