首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
China is a country with high seismieity. It is very important for industry and structure to fortify against earthquakes. In this paper the outline of seismicity in China, the criteria for fortification against earthquakes and the contents of seismic zonation map of China are described. The contents of seismic safety evaluation for major construction projects, such as large dams, large bridges, long distance pipe lines for transporting oil and natural gas, nuclear plants, petrochemical enterprises and so on, are presented. Some geological disasters caused by destructive earthquake, such as earthquake-caused collapse and landslide, liquefaction of saturated soll and earthquake fault and so on, are also presented. Preventive countermeasures for these disasters are discussed.  相似文献   

2.
Scale formation is a serious and costly problem encountered in the oil and gas industry. Polyphosphinocarboxylic acid (PPCA) is a common commercial organic scale inhibitor used in the oil and gas industry which is normally referred to a nucleation inhibitor. In this paper, the effect of PPCA on calcium carbonate scale is studied systematically and some new insights into the mechanisms of PPCA inhibition are given. Traditionally, the studies of scale formation and inhibition have focused on bulk precipitation or surface deposition. Few studies have focused on the difference between surface deposition and bulk precipitation processes. In this paper, the effect of PPCA inhibitor on calcium carbonate scale formation is studied both in the bulk solution and on the metal surface in supersaturated scale formation solutions which represent typical waters encountered in oil and gas production. It is clear that PPCA inhibits both bulk precipitation and surface deposition but to a different degree. At 4 ppm PPCA, the inhibition efficiency of surface deposition is greater than the inhibition efficiency of bulk precipitation. It is assumed that the inhibitor film formed on the metal surface at the highest concentration of PPCA (4 ppm) prevent the adsorption of scale crystals on the metal surface. In addition, PPCA suppresses aragonite and calcite crystal formation and results in the least stable vaterite crystal dominating the scale.  相似文献   

3.
Different from the traditional hydraulic oil cooling method,a new type of constant temperature oil tank cooling system based on semiconductor refrigeration technology is designed. This paper studies the principle of semiconductor refrigeration and establishes a heat transfer model. Semiconductor cooler on piping refrigeration is simulated,and influence of the parameters on the outlet temperature,such as pipe pressure difference of inlet and outlet,pipe length,pipe radius,are gotten,and then hydraulic tank semiconductor refrigeration system is proposed. The semiconductor refrigeration system can control temperature at 37 ± 1°C.  相似文献   

4.
The west-east gas transmission engineering is an important project attracting domestic and foreign attention. The gas pipeline used in this project is a gas pipeline with the longest distance, largest pipe diameter and highest transmission pressure in the history of petroleum pipeline construction of China. For the construction of top-rank gas pipeline in the world with high standard, high speed and high benefit, the key of specifying production of metallurgical and pipe-making enterprises and ensuring quality performance of the steel and steel pipe is to research and formulate a feasible and satisfactory technical Specification for engineering steel and steel pipe with international level. In this paper the author introduces the establishment of the technical specification for West-East gas pipeline project, and lays emphasis on the analysis and discussion of principle and method determining major technical indexes related to line pipes for West-East gas pipeline. The author also introduces actual material selection of gas pipeline home and abroad, and presents examination and application of the technical specification for West-East gas pipeline.  相似文献   

5.
The potentials of gas generation by kerogen in the late period and by crude oil cracking are closely related to the origin of natural gas in the high- to over mature marine area and their exploration perspectives. The carbon structure of kerogens, with different types and at different evolution stages, have been experimentally studied using the high magnetic field solid ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance technique in order to determine the oil and gas potential of kerogens. Results show that the contents of gas potential carbon(GPC) of types Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ kerogens at the high- to over mature stage are very low, indicating their weak gas-generating capacity and limited gas production; however, the content of oil potential carbon(OPC) of the low mature type Ⅰ kerogen is much higher, implying that a large amount of crude oil generated during the oil-generating period will be the material for later gas generation by oil cracking. The kinetic experiment of gas generation by crude oil cracking shows that, when the temperature is about 160℃(R0=1.6%), the crude oil will start to produce large amounts of gas; the temperature range for major gas generation of crude oil is higher than that of the kerogens, and the gas production is 2 to 4 times higher than that of kerogens. The natural gas derived from oil cracking (called oil-cracked gas) is much abundant in methyl hexamethylene, which is quite different from the natural gas produced by thermal degradation of kerogens (named kerogen degradation gas) at high- to over mature stage.  相似文献   

6.
Flowline bundle system consisting of carrier pipe,sleeve pipe and internal flowlines offers innovative solution for the infield transportation of oil and gas. Due to its features,flowline bundle offers a couple of advantages over conventional flowline in particular for cases where multi-flowlines and high thermal performance is of great interest. The main benefits and advantages of such system include excellent thermal performance to prevent wax formation and hydrates,multiple bundled flowlines,mechanical and corrosion protection,potential reuse, etc. With the developments of offshore oil and gas industries,more and more hydrocarbon resources are being explored and discovered from shallow to deep water. Pipeline bundle system can be a smart solution for certain applications,which can be safe and cost effective solution. The objective of this paper is to overview pipeline bundle technology,outline detailed engineering design issue and procedure. Focus is given to its potential application in offshore for infield transportation. Engineering design principles and procedures for pipeline bundle system are highlighted. Construction methods of flowline bundle onshore are reviewed. Offshore towing and installation of pipeline bundle procedure is outlined.  相似文献   

7.
Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribution prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.  相似文献   

8.
The evidence about hydrocarbon migration within reservoir rocks in two wells has been obtained according to results of magnetic and mineralogical analysis of the Kapushaliang Group reservoir rocks from wells S15 and S4 located at the Yakela oil field, Tarim Basin. Results show that the secondary alteration associated with oil and gas accumulations above oil and gas field is predominantly magnetite mineralization, and that sulfur alteration occurs commonly at oil-water boundary and their products are generally pyrite and pyrrhotite, except for magnetite alteration which is closely related with hydrodynamical conditions in situ. The spherical magnetite grains of cauliflower microtexture on surface extracted from oil-bearing cores are secondary magnetite related with hydrocarbon microseep-age and their diameters are usually less than 50 μm.  相似文献   

9.
In order to get high quality of products, the combustion of aluminium-iron oxide thermite in SHS-gravitational process must be under control. The effects of thermite filling density, hole in thermite and inclined angle of pipe on combustion rate were studied. It shows that the combustion rate decreases with the decrease of filling density. The thermite combusts downwards the pipe much more quickly if there are holes in the thermite. And the combustion rate increases with the increase of the inclined angle of pipe. The experiment results show that the combustion of thermite is predominantly controlled by gas phasereaction, which is attributed to the high temperature of the thermitecombustion.  相似文献   

10.
Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) causes increasing of sulfur content in the oils, reduction of oil quality, and produces a toxic and corrosive H2S which may take great adverse effect on health and equipment. Although there are several ways to identify presence of TSR in gas field, yet in the case of oil with low H2S content, it is still very difficult to identify TSR. 2-thiaadamantanes is one of the most effective indicators of TSR. This paper for the first time discovers 2-thiaadamantanes in the oil from Well TZ-83 in Tarim Basin. A silver nitrate silica gel chromatography was used to enrich the oil from low 2-thiaadamantanes content to the level that GC/MS and GC/MS/MS can detect. 2-thiaadamantanes were assigned by comparison of mass spectra with published data, and the fragmental ions in mass spectra were confirmed by MRM mode of GC/MS/MS. H2S gas produced in Tazhong area is thought to be generated from TSR since 2-thiaadamantanes were present in the oil.  相似文献   

11.
一种新型管道检测机器人系统   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
摘要:研制了适用于管径为400~650mm的煤气管道内缺陷自动探测系统.该系统由采用远程网络控制技术的管道机器人移动机构、无损检测传感器和地面工作站等组成.综述了管道检测机器人的系统总体设计、关键技术和性能实验.实验结果表明,所研制的管道检测机器人系统在管道中运行平稳,具有稳定的牵引力,其值可达1.404kN,适用于400-650mm管径的油气管道检测.  相似文献   

12.
煤气管道机器人管径适应调整机构分析   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
提出了一种基于平行四边形轮腿机构、采用丝杠螺母调节方式的煤气管道检测机器人管径适应调整机构,介绍了该机构的工作原理;围绕机器人牵引能力的改善,对其工作过程中相关力学特性建立了数学模型,并进行了实验测试和验证,结果表明理论分析是正确的.该管径适应调整机构具有结构简单、管径适应范围大的特点.  相似文献   

13.
针对目前输电线路巡检机器人作业空间小、越障能力差的问题,通过观察与分析尺蠖运动特点,结合仿生学原理,提出了一种仿尺蠖运动的输电线路巡检机器人。运用运动学方法及虚拟样机技术对机器人蠕动式越障运动过程进行仿真与分析,仿真结果表明,机器人结构设计合理,具有较大作业空间,能以蠕动式运动方式跨越线路上引流线等复杂障碍。研制机器人样机并置于模拟线路环境进行实验,实验结果表明,机器人越障过程中重心波动平稳,越障性能稳定可靠。  相似文献   

14.
This paper presents a robotic system for weld-joint inspection of the big-caliber pipeline, which is developed for the purpose of being utilized as automation platform for X-my real-time imaging inspection technique (RTIIT). The robot can perform autonomous seeking and locating of weld-seam position in-pipe, and under the control of synchro-foUow control technique it can accomplish the technologic task of weld inspection. The robotic system is equipped with a small focal spot and directional beam X-my tube,so the higher definition image of weld-seam can be obtained. Several key techniques about the robotic system developed are also explained in detail. Its construction is outlined.  相似文献   

15.
微型气浮轴承高速透平膨胀机的研制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了发展微型气体轴承高速透平,在优化设计的基础上,研制了国内首台轴径为6 mm、叶轮直径为9 mm、设计转速为300 000 r/min的微型气体轴承透平膨胀机.对研制样机进行了全面介绍,阐述了该研制样机的结构设计特点,并对研制样机进行了初步的机械性能和热力性能考核.通过转子起浮试验,系统机械性能、热力性能的连续运转及超速试验考核,结果显示:所研制的样机振动小、运转平稳、效率高,最高转速超过342 000 r/min,满足超速15%的要求;在室温为23℃、无回热器的情况下,当进气压力从0升到0.27 MPa的45 min升速时间内,温降就达42℃,具有降温速度快,降温效果显著的特点.由于其机械及热力性能均达到预期要求,因此为今后进一步发展我国微型高速气体轴承透平机械奠定了坚实基础.  相似文献   

16.
中国天眼,即五百米口径球面射电望远镜,简称FAST,是中国的重大科技基础设施。而馈源支撑系统是FAST中对馈源舱进行高精度位姿调节的重要部件。为保障FAST的正常运行,必须定期开展馈源支撑系统的安全检测。为此,需要设计能够自主进行馈源支撑缆索缺陷检测的机器人系统。本文针对机器人在FAST馈源支撑缆索上的工作环境,设计机器人总体方案。根据缆索上障碍多的特点,将检测机器人设计为底部开口、多轮抱索、多节串联形式;根据缆索长、陡的特点,确定两端卷扬机牵引驱动为主、轮驱为辅的驱动形式。依据总体设计方案,分别开展机器人各部分的详细结构设计,保障机器人能够可靠地沿缆索运动与避障;设计主动调整、弹性适应的连接机构实现各节机器人之间连接与相对位置调整。最后,进行机器人整机样机运行实验。实验结果表明,机器人能够稳定地在缆索上运动及避障,验证了所设计的机器人系统沿FAST缆索检测所需的运动能力。  相似文献   

17.
胡卉桦 《科学技术与工程》2021,21(22):9372-9377
管板定位机器人用于高温气冷堆核电站蒸汽发生器的传热管检修工作。作为堵管工具的载体,搭载各种不同的堵管执行单元,将其引导至指定的工作管孔,实施堵管工序。根据施工需求,开展了管板定位机器人研究。受限于被检对象及施工工况条件,管板定位机器人采用了模块化、轻量化设计。为消除管板定位机器人工作过程中管板结构应力变形、机器人自身运动误差和姿态调整引起的变形误差等因素影响,采用机器视觉辅助定位设计方案,消除上述各种非线性误差影响,提高管板定位机器人的位置控制精度。所设计的机器人样机在蒸汽发生器模拟体上进行了实际测试。结果表明,应用机器视觉技术进行目标定位及运动反馈控制是进行非线性误差补偿的有效手段,该方法控制精度高,控制系统相对简单可靠。  相似文献   

18.
为解决输电拉线的自动除锈防护难题,提出了一种新型拉线除锈机器人的总体方案,完成了行走、压紧、调节、除锈等主要机构的设计及控制系统的设计,构建了拉线除锈机器人的总体系统。基于SolidWorks创建了机器人三维实体模型,并应用ADAMS软件建立了机器人的虚拟样机,对其运动学和动力学特性进行了仿真分析,进而制作了实物样机,完成了现场试验,仿真和试验结果均证明了设计方案的可行性和有效性,实现了拉线表面的自动除锈和防护。  相似文献   

19.
输电线路带电检修机器人是一种辅助和代替人工进行输电线路带电作业检修的一种智能化装备,其对于提高作业效率、作业可靠性、作业安全性具有重要实际意义,然而机器人在上下线过程中耗费大量的人力物力,大大降低了整体作业效率,机器人上下线问题已经成为制约机器人实用化的一个重要瓶颈。针对上述问题,提出了大荷载无人机(unmanned aerial vehical, UAV)和机器人的输电线协同检修新方法,该系统分为无人机、机器人和联接件,联接件用于联接无人机和机器人,通过电磁铁磁力的控制实现无人机与机器人系统的对接与分离,同时,通过对机器人机械臂系统的运动学建模与分析,得到了作业末端套筒所能到达的运动空间,从而进一步优化机械臂的结构参数,最后,通过硬件系统、软件系统、机械系统的集成设计,开发了机器人物理样机系统,在四分裂输电线路上进行引流板拧紧作业实验。实验结果表明:改系统能够顺利完成四分裂引流板作业任务,具有较强工程实用性,研究结果对于输电线路智能运维管理具有重要理论意义和实际应用价值。  相似文献   

20.
下肢康复训练机器人单片机控制系统设计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
康复训练机器人是近年来出现的一种新型机器人,下肢康复训练机器人是其中的一种,它可以模拟正常人的行走姿态,对下肢有运动障碍的病人进行下肢康复训练.详细介绍了它的机械结构和工作原理,由AVR单片机实现的控制系统以及软件设计,给出了实验样机照片和实验所得数据,样机基本实现了模拟正常人的行走姿态的功能,为康复训练机器人的进一步研究打下了基础.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号