碳、锰含量对低碳(锰)钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中铁素体形核率的影响

研究了碳、锰含量对低碳(锰)钢形变强化铁素体晶粒数目变化的影响.结果表明,形变使低碳(锰)钢过冷奥氏体内部形核位置增加,铁素体形核率显著提高,晶粒大大细化.碳、锰含量提高有利于钢中过冷奥氏体累积变形的增加,形变强化相变晶粒细化能力增强,而碳的促进作用尤为显著.     

不同预变形对Q235低碳钢等温相变影响的模拟

材料加工过程中的预变形,会对材料内部的微观组织变化产生影响,研究这种影响能更好地了解变形后的组织结构,并为改善材料性能提供可靠依据。以Q235低碳钢为研究对象,建立了等温奥氏体-铁素体相变的二维元胞自动机模型,并结合铁素体形核、铁素体长大和铁素体粗化的数学模型,模拟出了不同应变量对等温奥氏体-铁素体相变的影响。模拟结果显示,相变过程中的不同预变形会对材料内部组织产生一定影响:随着应变量的增加,铁素体的形核率增加,铁素体的转变分数增加,铁素体晶粒的数量增加;同时,不断增加的应变量,又促使铁素体的平均晶粒尺寸减小,从而进一步促进微观组织的细化;另外,不同的预变形促使相变过程中碳浓度场的扩散距离更短,导致碳浓度场软接触更易发生,微观组织呈带状分布。     

ZrC粒子对低碳钢晶粒细化及力学性能的影响

在低碳低合金钢熔炼过程中加入平均粒径为0.5 μm,体积分数为0.8%的ZrC粒子,研究了不同轧制变形量条件下的晶粒细化行为及力学性能.轧制变形过程中在ZrC粒子周围形成高位错密度和高晶格畸变区,成为形变核心和再结晶核心,促进了高温奥氏体非自发再结晶细化奥氏体晶粒;由于奥氏体晶粒尺寸细化,奥氏体晶界面积增大,随后进行的铁素体相变的铁素体形核位置增多,从而大大细化了铁素体晶粒尺寸;轧制变形量与ZrC粒子体积分数存在一定的最佳配合才能对晶粒细化有作用.本实验中轧制变形量为62%,ZrC粒子体积分数0.8%以及轧后水冷条件下,铁素体晶粒尺寸细化到9.8 μm,屈服强度和抗拉强度明显提高,分别达到386.4 MPa和522.1 MPa;同时冲击吸收功(AKV=118.5 J)不降低且延伸率(δ5=34.5%)有所提高,说明添加ZrC粒子可促进晶粒细化.     

形变量和冷却速度对低碳微合金管线钢晶粒细化的影响

以管线钢X52为研究对象,在Gleeble1500热模拟机上,主要进行了在奥氏体未再结晶区不同形变量和冷却速度对X52的相变行为及显微组织影响的研究·通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析技术可以发现,随形变量和冷却速度的增加,晶粒明显变细·实验结果表明,在奥氏体未再结晶区轧制可以大大地增加铁素体的形核位置,使晶粒细化;同时冷却速度的增大,使铁素体的形核驱动力加大,形核率增加,也使晶粒明显细化·另外,与低碳钢不同的是,在铁素体晶粒边界和铁素体晶粒内部可以观察到有第二相的析出,在奥氏体未再结晶区轧制时,第二相的析出可以抑制再结晶,并且,析出物的存在不仅阻碍位错的运...     

铌对低碳钢形变强化相变的影响

利用热模拟压缩变形实验研究了含铌钢和相应成分的低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变强化相变的组织演变规律,探讨了铌在析出状态时对形变强化相变的影响,进行了转变动力学曲线的分析. 结果表明:形变强化相变之前有Nb(CN)析出可以显著促进铁素体形核. 含铌钢的过冷奥氏体在A3～Ar3之间变形,可以得到平均晶粒尺寸为1.9 μm的形变强化相变铁素体. 其转变动力学与低碳钢相类似,以形变强化相变为主;在铁素体转变基本完成时,含铌钢的铁素体晶粒较细小.     

低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程组织演变机制

低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程将发生形变强化相变及铁素体的动态再结晶,导致晶粒超细化.与未形变的过冷奥氏体等温转变相比,形变极大地促进了奥氏体向铁素体的转变,使铁素体形核率急剧升高,铁素体晶粒尺寸显著降低.形变强化相变是一以形核为主的过程.在形变后期,当形变强化相变铁素体转变基本完成后,将发生铁素体的动态回复和动态再结晶.比较不同应变速率对组织演变影响的结果表明,应变速率较低条件下,易形成铁素体与第2组织层状分布的条带特征;应变速率较高时,组织的条带特征不显著.     

超细第二相粒子强化低碳微合金钢铁材料的研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机进行单向压缩热模拟试验,研究了试验钢在形变诱导铁素体相变过程中ZrC粒子对铁素体晶粒细化的促进作用,结果表明：粒径小于1.0μm的ZrC粒子作为形变和再结晶核心可以加速铁素体形核,从而细化铁素体晶粒,为提高α-Fe形核率,试验钢获得超细组织的ZrC粒子临界体积分数是0.6%,当ZrC粒子的加入量为0.5%、轧制变形量为0.6时,轧后水冷可获得3~4μm的超细晶粒组织,抗拉强度约提高70%,材料综合性能显著提高.     

ZrC/奥氏体相界面形变诱导相变动力学

研究热模拟单向压缩条件下含ZrC粒子的低碳锰(铌)钢在形变诱导相变过程中的铁素体转变动力学关系。研究结果表明:添加ZrC粒子使试验用钢奥氏体晶界的形核率明显增加,影响形变诱导铁素体的形态、分布及晶粒细化效果;高温变形时由于形变诱导的作用,铁素体转变量随应变的增大不断增加,而铁素体晶粒的细化主要是由于动态再结晶的作用,试验用钢在形变诱导相变的变形温度TAe3～TAr3之间的低温区进行变形(TAe3为形变诱导相变的开始温度,TAr3为形变诱导相变的终止温度),可以加速铁素体形核;同时,一定粒径和体积分数(0.6%)的ZrC粒子作为形变和再结晶核心,不仅阻碍位错的运动,而且造成位错密度增大,因而提高α-Fe形核率。在温度为900℃、应变速率为1s-1的条件下,试验用钢获得超细组织对应的ZrC粒子临界体积分数为0.6%。     

动态回复和再结晶获得超细晶粒低碳低合金钢

利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术研究了低合金钢在Ac1点以下大变形量应变(ε=1.5)过程中铁素体晶粒的细化机理,经过扫描电镜观察以及EBSD测定,其平均晶粒尺寸已细化到2μm以下,晶界主要以大角晶界为主,表明所形成的铁素体晶粒为稳定态的组织.在接近奥氏体区的温度,铁素体晶粒在强烈塑性应变条件下,其细化主要通过铁素体动态回复和再结晶完成,热加工参数Z=4×1016s-1,在Z>1×1016s-1条件下,铁素体通过动态再结晶进行细化是可以实现的.     

磁场处理对微合金钢相变过程的影响

磁场处理对微合金钢由奥氏全的转为过程产生影响，主要体现在铁素体的形核率和晶粒长大速度两个方面，磁场处理增加了铁素体的形核率，同时也提高了晶粒的长大速度，由于磁场对铁素体形核率的影响效果显著，缩短了相变时间，最终得到细晶组织。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme