Discovery of Middle Jurassic palaeontinids from Inner Mongolia, China (Homoptera: Palaeontinidae)

A new genus and three new species of fossil Palaeontinidae， Papilioncossus conchatus sp. nov., P. giganteus sp. nov.　and P. pteroideus sp. nov.， are described. All of them were collected from Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia, China. Based on distal part of forewing broader and longer than basal and Sc usually with branches, the new taxa are attributed to Palaeontinidae of Homoptera and compared with genus Pseudocossus. A key to species of Papilioncossus gen. nov. is provided. All type specimens are deposited in the Capital Normal University.     

Discovery of Middle Jurassic palaeontinids from Inner Mongolia, China (Homoptera: Palaeontinidae)

A new genus and three new species of fossil Palaeontinidae, Papilioncossus conchatus sp. nov., P. giganteus sp. nov. and P. pteroideus sp. nov., are described. All of them were collected from Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia, China. Based on distal part of forewing broader and longer than basal and Sc usually with branches, the new taxa are attributed to Palaeontinidae of Homoptera and compared with genus Pseudocossus. A key to species of Papilioncossus gen. nov. is provided. All type specimens are deposited in the Capital Normal University.     

Discovery of Cathaysiodendron Lee from the Early Carboniferous of Jingyuan, Gansu, western China

As one of the representative members of the Late Palaeozoic Cathaysian flora, Cathaysiodendron has been previously recorded from the Early Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations in north China. The species of Cathaysiodendron presented here are from the lower member of Chouniugou Formation of Ciyao, Jingyuan, Gansu. The overlying marine beds yield fusulinids that are of Visean age in western Europe and conodonts of the Datang Stage in south China, so that the age of the bed containing Cathaysiodendron as Visean, Early Carboniferous, is well constrained. Such a record of Cathaysiodendron is significant in terms of Carboniferous phytogeography and the evolution of the Cathaysian Lepidophytes. A new species, Cathaysiodendron jingyuanense Wang & Wu sp. nov. is described and a second one mentioned.     

The first Sinomastodon (Gomphotheriidae, Proboscidea) skull from the Quaternary in China

The first Sinomastodon(Gomphotheriidae,Proboscidea) skull of the Early Pleistocene,collected from the Renzidong Cave deposits in Anhui Province,Eastern China,is described here as S.jiangnanensis sp.nov.As the only brevirostrine trilophodont gomphotheriid known from the Old World,Sinomastodon was mainly indigenous to China from the Early Pliocene to the Pleistocene.Compared with a few single Pleistocene teeth previously found in China,S.jiangnanensis sp.nov.is represented by a relatively complete skull,mandible and dentition,which is the first discovery of a Quaternary Sinomastodon skull from China.With a brevirostrine,elephant-like skull,no lower tusks,and simple bunodont and trilophodont intermediate molars,the new species is morphologically distinct from other gomphotheres and should belong to the genus Sinomastodon.The new species is more progressive than S.hanjiangensis and the Pliocene type species S.intermedius in its skull and mandible morphology,but is evidently more primitive than the Pleistocene S.yangziensis in its molar morphology.The faunal analysis suggests that the emergence of S.jiangnanensis sp.nov.in Jiangnan area and its southward migration may have been related to a cooling event at the beginning of the Quaternary in Eastern China.     

Molecular identification and phylogenetic position of Cuora yunnanensis

The Yunnan box turtle (Cuora yunnanensis, Boulenger, 1906), which has drawn much attention in conservation biology, was regarded as extinct since it was previously known only from 12 specimens collected in Yunnan, China, before 1908. Recently, live specimens have been discovered which are suggested to be C. yunnanensis. To determine whether the newly discovered specimens are really C. yunnanensis, we have established a molecular phylogeny, with a 1725-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA, using samples from three live individuals of C. yunnanensis, together with sequence data from a museum specimen of C. yunnanensis (MNHN 1907.10) and other members of the genus Cuora. We found that the three newly discovered individuals and the old museum specimen of C. yunnanensis are very similar both in morphology and in mitochondrial DNA sequence, suggesting that the three new individuals are the very C. yunnanensis, and thus the species is not extinct. Our phylogenetic analysis also demonstrates that C. yunnanensis is not of recent hybrid origin, but rather represents a distinct evolutionary lineage.     

Molecular identification and phylosenetic position of Cuora yunnanensis

The Yunnan box turtle （Cuora yunnanensis, Boulenger, 1906）, which has drawn much attention in conservation biology, was regarded as extinct since it was previously known only from 12 specimens collected in Yunnan, China, before 1908. Recently, live specimens have been discovered which are suggested to be C. yunnanensis. To determine whether the newly discovered specimens are really C. yunnanensis, we have established a molecular phylogeny, with a 1725-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA, using samples from three live individuals of C. yunnanensis, together with sequence data from a museum specimen of C. yunnanensis （MNHN 1907.10） and other members of the genus Cuora. We found that the three newly discovered individuals and the old museum specimen of C. yunnanensis are very similar both in morphology and in mitochondrial DNA sequence, suggesting that the three new individuals are the very C. yunnanensis, and thus the species is not extinct. Our phylogenetic analysis also demonstrates that C. yunnanensis is not of recent hybrid origin, but rather represents a distinct evolutionary lineage.     

Tingia unita sp. nov. （Noeggerathiales） with strobilus from the Lower Permian of Wuda, Inner Mongolia, China

A number of specimens recently collected from the Early Permian Shanxi Formation of Wuda, Inner Mongolia demonstrate that the leafy shoot and strobilus of Tingia unita sp. nov. are both sprouting from a common stem, and consequently improve our understanding of the whole plant mor- phology of this enigmatic taxon of the Cathaysian flora. The strobili are cylinder-like, 1.7-2.5 cm in diameter and over 20 cm in length, with a basal stalk 7―8 mm in width and about 7 cm long. Sporophylls are verticillate, with approximately 8-10 in a whorl. On the adaxial side of each sporophyll a sporangium is attached. The strobilus is heterosporous and the microspores are of the Punctatisporites type. Large leaves vary from linear to oblong with entire lateral margins but are slightly lobed at the apex. Small leaves are generally the same as the large leaves but much narrower. The whole plant is probably a small arborescent tree with leafy shoots and strobili forming a crown, rather than a water plant with larger leaves floating on the surface of the water as previously understood. Features of the new species are in favor of the close affinity between Tingia Halle and Noeg- gerathiales, and accordingly the affinity of Noeg- gerathiales to Progymnospermophyta.     

Computational algorithms for simulating the grain structure formed on steel billets using cellular automaton and chaos theories

The development of some computational algorithms based on cellular automaton was described to simulate the structures formed during the solidification of steel products. The algorithms described take results from the steel thermal behavior and heat removal previously calculated using a simulator developed by present authors in a previous work. Stored time is used for displaying the steel transition from liquid to mushy and solid. And it is also used to command computational subroutines that reproduce nucleation and grain growth. These routines are logically programmed using the programming language C++ and are based on a simultaneous solution of numerical methods (stochastic and deterministic) to create a graphical representation of different grain structures formed. The grain structure obtained is displayed on the computer screen using a graphical user interface (GUI). The chaos theory and random generation numbers are included in the algorithms to simulate the heterogeneity of grain sizes and morphologies.     

Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gymnodinium</Emphasis>-like species from the Chinese Coast

A Gymnodiniurn-like species was studied with light microscopy （LM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Also, the internal transcribed spacers （containing 5.8S rDNA） and large ribosomal subunit DNA （D1-D2） sequences were obtained by PCR amplification, and then sequenced to explore the relationships within our isolate, Gymnodinium and other Gymnodiniurn-like species, including Karenia, Gyrodinium, Karlodinium and Symbiodinium. The LM observation showed that the species was characterized by moving in a levorotatory direction, visible hypocone, epicone and transverse groove, all of which are typical for Gymnodinium. In addition, two flagella could be found under SEM. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate grouped with Symbiodium, rather than other relevant dinoflagellates. All results showed our isolate belongs to Symbiodium. The strain was isolated from a red tide water sample, denoting that Symbiodium may be causative species for algal bloom.     

A new species from an ornithuromorph（Aves： Ornithothoraces）dominated locality of the Jehol Biota

We report on a new species of ornithuromorph bird, Iteravis huchzermeyeri gen. et sp. nov., from the previously unreported Sihedang locality of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation, the oldest ornithuromorph bearing deposit in the world. Unlike most other Cretaceous localities, specimens from this new quarry are largely referable to Ornithuromorpha, similar to the Lower Cretaceous Aptian Xiagou Formation in Gansu Province. Also similar to the Xiagou avifauna, the fauna at Sihedang is largely dominated by a single taxon（described here）.Differences in faunal dominance may suggest the Sihedang records a unique ecological habitat. This may also explain the dominance of Gansus in the younger Xiagou Formation locality and suggests that previous hypotheses regarding the shift in dominance between Enantiornithes and Ornithuromorpha need to be reassessed in terms of potential ecological biases due to limited sampling. Furthermore, the recognition of an ornithuromorph dominated locality in the Sihedang significantly weakens the signal of such an inferred trend. Compared to most Jehol birds, the new specimen is relatively better preserved in three dimensions revealing morphological details of the skeleton, as well as preserves feather impressions including a rectricial morphology previously unknown among Mesozoic birds.     

厦门港骨条藻属的记述

对在厦门港采到的中肋骨条藻(Skeletorema costalum),江河骨条藻(S.potamo),曼氏骨条藻(S.muazelii)和热带骨条藻(S.tropicum)进行分类研究。     

长江口九段沙附近水体浮游植物的种类组成与数量分布

2005年9月对吴淞口至九段沙下沙近海水域的水体进行了浮游植物调查，结果表明，此调查区域共有浮游植物70属135种．其中硅藻种类最多，共42属82种，占总种数的60．8％；绿藻门14属24种；其他藻类14属29种．浮游植物的数量分布表现为：从吴淞口至江亚南沙段较低，九段沙上沙、中沙段显著高于其他采样点，在九段沙下沙近海水域出现了急剧下降的趋势．中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum（Grev．）Cleve）是调查区域的优势种，其数量占浮游植物总数量的平均百分比达到了71．8％．作者还对该区域浮游植物数量分布的影响因素进行了讨论．     

中国水云科的新记录Ⅰ

本文报导辽东半岛和山东半岛威海水云科藻类7种,其中水云属3种,费氏藻属1种,带绒藻属1种,扭线藻属2种,均为中国首次记录。     

西北叶盲蝽区系调查一新种记述（半翅目：盲蝽科）

文章记述了我国西北地区半翅目盲蝽科叶盲蝽亚科的十九种昆虫，其中有一新种，多斑斜唇蝽Ｐｌａｇｉｏｇｎａｔｈｕｓｍｕｃｕｌｏｓｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ     

中国多孔菌一新纪录种——法国粗毛盖孔菌

法国粗毛盖孔菌（Funalia gallica（Fr.）Bondartsev＆Singer）曾经被报道分布于中国,但研究发现此前报道的标本实际上都是硬毛粗毛盖孔菌（Funalia trogii（Berk．）Bondartsev＆Singer）,进一步的研究确定2008年采集自海南省的标本是法国粗毛盖孔菌,应为中国多孔菌一新纪录种。本文给出了该菌的详细描述,并与其近似种进行了比较研究。     

白粉菌一新种和一变种

报道了采至四川省南坪县九寨沟自然保护区的白粉菌两个新分类单位:九寨沟球针壳Phyllactinia Jiuzhaigouica Xie et Yin sp.nov.寄生在小蘖Berber sp.植物的叶片上,蔷薇波丝壳厚壁变种Medusosphaera rosae Golov.& Gamal var.crassiparietalis Xie et Yin寄生于红花蔷薇Rosa moyesii Hemsl.et Wils.植物的叶片上,还讨论了新种与近似种之间的区别。     

美口菌属的一新种

本文报道了产于中国广西的一个美口菌属Calostoma的新种:广西美口菌Calostoma guangxiensis Fan et Liu sp. nov.。     

天津北疆博物院考实

天津北疆博物院在近代中国科学界和科技史上具有举世知名地位。它由法国天主教耶稣会于1924年创办,挂靠于天津马场道的工商学院。桑志华、德日进等人在中国北方进行了多年的考察和采集活动,其部分动植物标本和化石就收藏在该博物院内。博物院自始至终受到天主教耶稣会在经济和人员上的支持,收集植物标本3.5万余种、人类生物标本7千余种、动物标本2千余种、矿物标本千余种,还有大批有关人种学、动物学、植物学、古生物学、岩石学、矿物学以及华北特有的工业等方面的文献,被誉为东亚第一博物馆。     

新疆禾本科野青茅属一新记录种——矮野青茅

笔者在整理和鉴定采自阿尔金山国家级自然保护区的植物标本时发现,该地区产的禾本科野青茅属一新疆新记录种,即矮野青茅Deyeuxia tibetica Bor var.przevalskyi(Tzvel.)P.C.Kuo et S.L.Lu。该变种为新疆迄今未曾记录过的新变种,现予以报道。     

中国毛背棘蝇雌性补充描述(双翅目:蝇科)

近年来,在云南蝇科昆虫调查工作中,采集到了很多蝇科标本,在标本的检视中,首次发现了毛背棘蝇Phaonia villana的雌性标本。在原始文献中仅描述雄性,该种雌性过去一直没有做过系统描述。为此,对雌性毛背棘蝇外部形态进行了补充描述,并绘制了尾器特征图[1]。毛背棘蝇种团原本隶属于棕斑棘蝇种团,由于径脉结节腹面有毛,从而从后者分离出来,另立一个种团[2]。毛背棘蝇种团中国已知3种:褐端棘蝇Phaonia fusciapicalis Feng et Ma,2002、毛背棘蝇Phaonia villana Robineau-Desvoidy,1830和宝兴棘蝇Phaonia baoxingensis Feng et Ma,2002。研究标本均保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所。