A new method of identifying and locating gross errors——Quasi-accurate detection

A new idea and a distinctive method have been proposed, which concern real errors and their estimators. By using the idea of "Quasi-Stable Adjustment" created by Prof. Zhou Jiangwen for reference, the rank-deficient equations on real errors are resolved by adding the conditions under which the minimum of the norm of the real errors of the quasi-accurate observations is restrained. The formulae and the scheme of the new method called "quasi-accurate detection of gross errors (QUAD)" are presented. By using this method, not only multiple gross errors can be identified and located exactly with these estimators calculated accurately, but also the precision of the estimators is able to be evaluated strictly. This method may be suitable to dealing with the gross errors existing in various fields of science and engineering.     

测量数据处理中粗差问题的探讨

粗差的探测与剔除是测量数据处理中非常重要的一项工作,它直接关系到平差结果的可靠性。对测量粗差的来源进行了分析,指出了粗差的特点,从粗差探测与抗差估计两个方面对粗差的处理方法进行了探讨,并给出了粗差处理的建议。     

基于核估计的滤波补偿法

为了解决Kalman滤波算法进行动态定位时,模型中存在的系统误差使得动态定位结果产生偏差的问题,采用基于核估计的滤波补偿法,在移动的窗口内,利用核估计拟合模型系统误差,修正相应的观测向量和状态预测向量的协方差矩阵估值,以消除系统误差对滤波的影响,推导了利用核估计拟合系统误差的公式。通过一个模拟算例证明了改算法的有效性,而且在滤波过程中不需要对系统误差做任何假设,对开窗窗口的宽度也不敏感。     

抗差与自适应组合的卡尔曼滤波算法在动态导航中的研究

针对观测信息不充足时,无法使用现有的一些抗差自适应滤波的问题,提出一种组合抗差滤波和自适应滤波的方法.该方法利用基于m估计实现的抗差滤波和基于新息向量马氏距离平方服从卡方分布而构造的自适应滤波,同时采用2次对检验统计量进行判别的方法,可以在单个历元实现在标准卡尔曼滤波、自适应卡尔曼滤波和抗差卡尔曼滤波之间选择一种当前时刻的最优滤波,因此,采用该方法也能构成抗差自适应卡尔曼滤波.仿真结果表明,在观测信息不足且滤波模型出现异常时,该方法能有效控制动力学模型误差和观测异常对导航解的影响,使导航解更能反映导航系统的真实情况.     

复杂信号环境下的鲁棒卡尔曼滤波算法

该文提出一种有效减小全球导航卫星系统接收机在复杂信号环境下定位误差的鲁棒卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法对基于高斯白噪声模型的传统Kalman进行了改进,引入了污染分布,并提出了一种基于加权组合正态分布模型下的滤波算法。同时利用矩估计理论对算法中的污染率给出了一种在线估计方法。通过模拟数据和真实采集信号的测试证明,本文提出的算法可在线对污染率进行准确稳定的估计,抑制粗差的效果明显优于传统Kalman滤波算法,定位误差显著减小。     

Multi-sensor federated unscented Kalman filtering algorithm in intermittent observations

Aiming at the adverse effect caused by limited detecting probability of sensors on filtering precision of a nonlinear system state,a novel multi-sensor federated unscented Kalman filtering algorithm is proposed.Firstly,combined with the residual detection strategy,effective observations are correctly identified.Secondly,according to the missing characteristic of observations and the structural feature of unscented Kalman filter,the iterative process of the single-sensor unscented Kalman filter in intermittent observations is given.The key idea is that the state estimation and its error covariance matrix are replaced by the state one-step prediction and its error covariance matrix,when the phenomenon of observations missing occurs.Finally,based on the realization mechanism of federated filter,a new fusion framework of state estimation from each local node is designed.And the filtering precision of system state is improved further by the effective management of observations missing and the rational utilization of redundancy and complementary information among multi-sensor observations.The theory analysis and simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

数据协调与过失误差侦破的鲁棒估计同步方法

为获得较准确的满足物料平衡和热量平衡的数据,传统的测量数据检验法（MIMT）计算复杂,而已有的数据协调和过失误差侦破的同步方法存在着不能准确识别过失误差等问题。基于鲁棒估计原理以及影响函数提出了一种新的鲁棒估计方法,用于稳态情况下的数据协调和过失误差侦破,并对计算过程中遇到的变量相关性问题进行了分析。计算结果表明,这种方法对线性和非线性问题都具有良好的效果,在侦破出过失误差的同时,可得到相应的数据校正结果。     

Maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on CDKF in observation bootstrapping strategy

The selection and optimization of model filters affect the precision of motion pattern identifica-tion and state estimation in maneuvering target tracking directly.Aiming at improving performance of model filters, a novel maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on central difference Kalman filter in observation bootstrapping strategy is proposed.The framework of interactive multiple model ( IMM) is used to realize identification of motion pattern, and a central difference Kalman filter ( CDKF) is selected as the model filter of IMM.Considering the advantage of multi-sensor fusion method in improving the stability and reliability of observation information, the hardware cost of the observation system for multiple sensors is adopted, meanwhile, according to the data assimilation technique in Ensemble Kalman filter( EnKF) , a bootstrapping observation set is constructed by in-tegrating the latest observation and the prior information of observation noise.On that basis, these bootstrapping observations are reasonably used to optimize the filtering performance of CDKF by means of weight fusion way.The object of new algorithm is to improve the tracking precision of ob-served target by the multi-sensor fusion method without increasing the number of physical sensors. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

基于改进卡尔曼滤波的配电网动态数据平差方法

受设备、天气等多方面因素影响,电网量测数据不可避免的存在误差。在实际应用前,应选用合适的估计方法进行数据平差。为减小不良数据对估计精度的影响,本文提出了一种鲁棒性无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(RUKF),在进行无迹卡尔曼滤波之前引入基于运行模式的不良数据检测方法,通过分析量测量的变化趋势调整阈值,避免出现不良数据的漏检与误检现象。以IEEE 33-bus与某实际107节点系统为例,进行仿真验证。实验结果表明,在存在不良数据的情况下,RUKF与传统UKF相比,求得的数据平差结果具有更高的估计精度,提高了数据估算的鲁棒性。多个实验表明本文提出的RUKF算法对数据平差计算可以提供有效的理论支撑。     

组合导航系统新息自适应卡尔曼滤波算法

全球定位系统(GPS)量测噪声的不稳定变化将造成惯性导航系统(INS)/GPS舰用组合系统卡尔曼滤波器性能下降,在对自适应卡尔曼滤波器分析的基础上,提出了一种新的基于新息估计的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法.该算法通过计算新息方差强度的极大似然估计最优估计,将新息方差计算直接引入卡尔曼滤波器的增益计算.仿真结果表明,本文方法较标准卡尔曼滤波器可以提高系统精度和抗干扰能力.     

基于观测误差调整的集合预报同化方法?

集合卡尔曼滤波对预报方差阵的估计不准,导致了滤波发散.为解决此问题,我们从状态与观测的关系出发,提出一种判断预报误差方差阵估计是否准确的准则.在此基础上,我们构建了基于观测误差控制的一种膨胀集合预报同化方法.数据模拟结果表明,与其他膨胀EnKF相比,这种方法能很好地克服滤波发散现象,其均方根误差更小,其长时间估计结果更为稳定,且构造更为简单,计算效率更高,是克服EnKF滤波发散现象的理想途径.     

Maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on cubature Kalman filter with observation iterated update

Reasonable selection and optimization of a filter used in model estimation for a multiple model structure is the key to improve tracking accuracy of maneuvering target.Combining with the cubature Kalman filter with iterated observation update and the interacting multiple model method,a novel interacting multiple model algorithm based on the cubature Kalman filter with observation iterated update is proposed.Firstly,aiming to the structural features of cubature Kalman filter,the cubature Kalman filter with observation iterated update is constructed by the mechanism of iterated observation update.Secondly,the improved cubature Kalman filter is used as the model filter of interacting multiple model,and the stability and reliability of model identification and state estimation are effectively promoted by the optimization of model filtering step.In the simulations,compared with classic improved interacting multiple model algorithms,the theoretical analysis and experimental results show the feasibility and validity of the proposed algorithm.     

Two-stage prediction and update particle filtering algorithm based on particle weight optimization in multi-sensor observation

The reasonable measuring of particle weight and effective sampling of particle state are consid- ered as two important aspects to obtain better estimation precision in particle filter. Aiming at the comprehensive treatment of above problems, a novel two-stage prediction and update particle filte- ring algorithm based on particle weight optimization in multi-sensor observation is proposed. Firstly, combined with the construction of muhi-senor observation likelihood function and the weight fusion principle, a new particle weight optimization strategy in multi-sensor observation is presented, and the reliability and stability of particle weight are improved by decreasing weight variance. In addi- tion, according to the prediction and update mechanism of particle filter and unscented Kalman fil- ter, a new realization of particle filter with two-stage prediction and update is given. The filter gain containing the latest observation information is used to directly optimize state estimation in the frame- work, which avoids a large calculation amount and the lack of universality in proposal distribution optimization way. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

拟准检定法实施过程的有关问题

为了使拟准检定法能够更加可靠、客观、实用，便于实现自动化，对拟准检定法进行深入的理论研究和数值试验的基础上，对观测值的捧序指标、粗差的判别准则、判别标准中涉及的单位权中误差等有关实施细则做了适当的改进。当观测值较少时，初选之前观测值的捧序指标宜采用单位权中误差进行；粗差的判别和复选之前的捧序都应该考虑权重的影响：判别准则中的单位权中误差应该采用先验值。进而对改进后的拟准检定法的可靠性进行了大量的试验，试验结果表明该方法的成功率较高，可靠性较好。最后给出一个算例说明改进后的算法的检测过程。     

新型抗差Kalman滤波及其在GPS动态导航中的应用

目前,抗差Kalman滤波一般采用独立等价权形式,观测值相关时等价权的确定是一个难题.从抗差估计的原始定义出发,首先直接对观测残差进行限制,然后利用观测残差与状态预报值残差的关系对状态预报值残差进行限制,这样可同时消除观测模型误差和状态模型误差的影响.此外,本方法无需考虑观测值是独立的还是相关的.最后给出了算例,结果表明,该方法是切实可行的.     

一阶差分与小波分析的GPS观测数据粗差探测

赫章特大桥超高桥墩在施工过程中,采用GPS对桥墩在施工过程的变形进行了监测。受施工现场环境影响,GPS变形观测数据中存在多种粗差,含有粗差的观测量如果直接参与后续数据分析,将导致分析结果的不正确。本文基于一阶差分法与小波分析法,对赫章特大桥的GPS变形观测数据进行了粗差探测。结果表明,两种方法对粗差探测的结果不完全一致,都不能将粗差全部探测出来,且此两种方法都存在将部分正确值当成粗差观测值的现象。     

卡尔曼滤波模型粗差的探测及其在施工变形测量中的应用

在施工变形监测中，由于监测点的多余观测值较少，因此很难发现观测值中存在的粗差。用卡尔曼滤波方法进行数据处理时，观测值中的粗差将在预测残差向量中得到反映。通过分析卡尔曼滤波模型误差与预测残差向量之间的关系，提出了对粗差进行探测的方法，并通过一个实例说明了该方法的有效性。     

Federal extended Kalman filter based on reconstructed observation in incomplete observations

In the estimation and identification of nonlinear system state,aiming at the adverse effect of observation missing randomly caused by detection probability of used sensor which is less than 1,a novel federal extended Kalman filter( FEKF) based on reconstructed observation in incomplete observations( ROIO) is proposed in this paper. On the basis of multi-sensor observation sets,the observation is exchanged at different times to construct a new observation set. Based on each observation set,an extended Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate the state of the target,and then the federal filtering algorithm is used to solve the state estimation based on the multi-sensor observation data. The effect of the sensor probing probability on the filtering result and the effect of the number of sensors on the filtering result are obtained by the simulation experiment,respectively. The simulation results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Adaptively robust filtering with classified adaptive factors

The key problems in applying the adaptively robust filtering to navigation are to establish an equivalent weight matrix for the measurements and a suitable adaptive factor for balancing the contributions of the measurements and the predicted state information to the state parameter estimates. In this paper, an adaptively robust filtering with classified adaptive factors was proposed, based on the principles of the adaptively robust filtering and bi-factor robust estimation for correlated observations. According to the constant velocity model of Kalman filtering, the state parameter vector was divided into two groups, namely position and velocity. The estimator of the adaptively robust filtering with classified adaptive factors was derived, and the calculation expressions of the classified adaptive factors were presented. Test results show that the adaptively robust filtering with classified adaptive factors is not only robust in controlling the measurement outliers and the kinematic state disturbing but also reasonable in balancing the contributions of the predicted position and velocity, respectively, and its filtering accuracy is superior to the adaptively robust filter with single adaptive factor based on the discrepancy of the predicted position or the predicted velocity.     

一种自适应LOS/NLOS环境的定位方法

非视距(NLOS)传播时传播路径的不确定性是产生定位误差的主要原因.通过对测量数据方差大小的判断来识别NLOS,并采用卡尔曼滤波方法,实现对有偏分布的NLOS误差平滑处理,减小NLOS的影响.仿真结果表明,该方法能在多种LOS/NLOS环境下提高定位的精度.