高含碳金属化球团强度性质

在1050～1200℃条件下研究了不同的配碳比、添加剂、还原温度、生球粒度等对高含碳金属化球团强度的影响.结果表明:高含碳金属化球团还原后的强度随温度的升高而升高;并且以粘土为添加剂的高含碳金属化球团具有较高的强度.     

生物质用于转底炉直接还原工艺研究

为了探讨生物质还原剂用于生产金属化铁的可行性,针对转底炉直接还原工艺,从金属化率、抗压强度和体积收缩率三方面入手,分析了竹炭、木炭、秸秆纤维等3种生物质还原剂以及传统还原剂煤粉对含碳球团还原效果的影响。试验结果表明,生物质能够替代传统还原剂用于转底炉直接还原工艺。与传统还原剂相比,生物质还原剂在含碳球团金属化率方面的影响较小,但不同生物质对含碳球团强度和体积收缩率等方面的影响较大。秸秆纤维含碳球团的强度相对较高,但竹炭和木炭含碳球团的强度较低,需在较高温度下(1 300℃)焙烧才能达到后续生产要求;使用竹炭作还原剂的球团前期膨胀较其他还原剂更为严重,直接导致其高温区体积收缩率较小,从而影响含碳球团的强度和热量传递,需与其他还原剂搭配使用。     

含碳球团的还原性和还原冷却后的强度

在 １２７３～１５７３ Ｋ条件下研究了不同煤种、木炭和石墨与不同种类矿石制成含碳球团 的还原速度;进而讨论了温度、配碳比（Ｃ／Ｏ）、挥发分含量等因素对含碳球团还原所需时间和 金属化率的影响．通过测定含碳球团还原冷却后的强度,对影响强度因素进行了分析．还原冷 却后的强度在温度 １２７３ Ｋ时较低,配入含挥发分较高的气煤,可以使还原冷却后的强度提高, 加快反应速度．     

含碳球团生产海绵铁的研究

研究了含碳球团直接还原的金属化率与还原时间、温度和气氛之间的关系,并得到含碳球团生产海绵铁的工业参数。     

转炉细灰对转底炉直接还原含碳球团性能的影响

将转炉细灰用于转底炉直接还原含碳球团造球试验。结果表明,转炉细灰对提高球团抗压强度和落下强度有一定效果,但要想获得理想的球团强度,须达到一定的添加量;添加一定量的转炉细灰,可以提高含碳球团的还原速率和金属化球团的TFe、MFe含量;用转炉细灰调节渣相碱度,在还原温度为1450℃时可实现渣铁良好分离,其脱硫效果好于同碱度下的石灰石。     

白云鄂博矿含碳球团直接还原过程工艺参数优化的数值模拟

利用管式电阻炉研究了炉气温度在900~1 100℃之间球团的还原过程。建立数学模型;考虑传热、传质以及化学反应来模拟白云鄂博矿含碳球团直接还原过程。实验结果表明,随着炉气温度的升高,球团质量减小的越快,还原反应结束的时间缩短。模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。通过正交试验研究影响白云鄂博矿金属化率主要因素大小排序为:炉气温度时间碳氧比直径。最后研究两种不同工况观察白云鄂博矿含碳球团金属化率的变化规律,结果显示较低的炉气温度对金属化率作用不大;在高温段反应10 min左右就可以达到最大金属化率。粒径为12 mm、碳氧比0.9的含碳球团,在炉气温度为1 100℃时各段反应时间可以控制在10 min左右。     

含碳球团还原的显微观察

利用万能金相显微镜 Me F3观察含碳试样在惰性气体中的还原过程 ,验证了含碳球团的反应机理 ,即通过气体介质将固 -固反应转化为气 -固反应 ;渣相及排气现象的变化清楚的表明 :提高温度 ,可提高含碳球团的金属化率 ,但温度过高 ,将加重矿粉间的烧结 ,导致还原反应动力学条件恶化。     

含碳球团还原的显微观察

利用万能金相显微镜MeF3观察含碳试样在惰性气体中的还原过程,验证了含碳球团的反应机理,即通过气体介质将固-固反应转化为气-固反应;渣相及排气现象的变化清楚的表明:提高温度,可提高含碳球团的金属化率,但温度过高,将加重矿粉间的烧结,导致还原反应动力学条件恶化.     

矿壳内配碳球团试制金属化球团的实验室研究

矿壳球团在带式焙烧机上焙烧还原是一种投资少、成本低的生产高炉金属化球团的直接还原法。本文从理论上分析了矿煤球团用铁精矿（加添加剂）包壳所具有的优点，并介绍在实验室研究矿壳球团的配碳量、用铁精矿包壳时添加剂种类和用量、最高还原焙烧温度和升温速度、还原焙烧气氛等因数对金属化球团强度和金属化率的影响。     

钒钛磁铁矿含碳球团还原的影响因素

通过单因素实验考察了还原温度、还原时间及碳氧摩尔比（nC/nO）对钒钛磁铁矿含碳球团还原的影响,结合扫描电镜照片解释了钒钛磁铁矿的还原机理.实验结果表明,适当升高还原温度、延长还原时间及增加碳氧摩尔比均可以促进钒钛磁铁矿的还原,并且金属化率随还原温度的升高先急剧升高而后趋于平缓,随着还原时间的延长及碳氧摩尔比的增加而先升高后降低,而残碳量随着反应的进行不断降低.当还原温度为1350℃,还原时间为30 min,碳氧摩尔比为1.2时,球团的金属化率达到最大值.通过扫描电镜照片可以看出,球团在还原过程中形成了铁连晶,并且在不同的还原条件下铁连晶的大小及形态不同.     

钢铁厂含铁尘泥球团自还原实验研究

以高炉工序的重力除尘灰和转炉工序的转炉污泥作为主要原料,配加一定量的还原剂、黏结剂和水制成冷固结球团,在高温下进行含铁尘泥球团自还原实验.结果表明,将重力除尘灰和转炉污泥混合制成自还原冷固结球团,不仅可弥补单种物料成球性能的不足,还可实现含铁尘泥球团的自还原,充分利用尘泥中的Fe,C和Ca O等资源;含铁尘泥球团的金属化率和脱锌率都随反应温度的升高而逐渐增大,1 300℃时,球团金属化率和脱锌率可分别达到91.35%和99.25%;随着反应时间的延长,球团的金属化率和脱锌率也逐渐增大,且在反应开始5 min内即可分别达到50.68%和75.82%;含铁尘泥球团的金属化率和脱锌率随着配碳量的增加而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,变化幅度较小.     

有机结合剂对硬质磁铁矿球团活化及性能的影响

In the ironmaking process, the addition of an organic binder to replace a portion of bentonite has the potential to improve the performance of pellets. The interaction between original bentonite (OB) and organic binder was investigated. Results indicated that the micromorphology of organic composite bentonite (OCB) became porous and the infrared difference spectrum exhibited a curved shape. In addition, the residual burning rates of OB and organic binder were determined to be 82.72% and 2.30%, respectively. Finally, the influence of OCB on the properties of pellets was investigated. The compressive strength of OCB-added green pellets (14.7 N per pellet) was better than that of OB-added pellets (10.3 N per pellet). Moreover, the range of melting temperature of OCB-added green pellets (173°C) was narrower than that of OB-added pellets (198°C). The compressive strength of OCB-added green pellets increased from 2156 to 3156 N per pellet with the increase in roasting temperature from 1200 to 1250°C.     

轻烧菱镁石对生球爆裂温度的影响

在850℃条件下,对菱镁石进行焙烧、磨细处理后获得轻烧菱镁石粉末.将该粉体作为黏结剂用于球团矿生产,研究考察了轻烧菱镁石对生球爆裂温度的影响.结果表明,随着轻烧菱镁石质量分数的增加,生球爆裂温度逐渐增大,当轻烧菱镁石质量分数由0增至20%时,爆裂温度最大增幅可达200℃.主要原因如下:由于该黏结剂的加入,生球内部水分蒸发速率减小,生球内部产生的蒸汽压相对较小,同时,该黏结剂可使生球在干燥过程强度迅速提升,这使得生球爆裂温度逐渐增大.     

用焦煤和氧化钙制备含CaO碳球团: 热解炉中温度、孔分布和碳结构对球团抗压强度的影响

CaO-containing carbon pellets (CCCP) were successfully prepared from well-mixed coking coal (CC) and calcium oxide (CaO) and roasted at different pyrolysis temperatures. The effects of temperature, pore distribution, and carbon structure on the compressive strength of CCCP was investigated in a pyrolysis furnace (350–750°C). The results showed that as the roasting temperature increased, the compressive strength also increased and furthermore, structural defects and imperfections in the carbon crystallites were gradually eliminated to form more organized char structures, thus forming high-ordered CC. Notably, the CCCP preheated at 750°C exhibited the highest compressive strength. A positive relationship between the compressive strength and pore-size homogeneity was established. A linear relationship between the compressive strength of the CCCP and the average stack height of CC was observed. Additionally, a four-stage caking mechanism was developed.     

含铁尘泥高碱度内配碳球团自还原过程中脱硫和脱磷研究

在竖式碳管炉中进行含铁尘泥高碱度内配碳球团的还原试验,并通过改变温度、配碳比和碱度对含铁尘泥还原过程中的脱硫和脱磷进行研究。结果表明,高碱度内配碳球团在高温下快速还原制备金属铁粒的脱硫率高于97%,铁粒中硫含量最低达到0.007%,而脱磷率一般为25%~35%,最高达到38.52%。随着温度和配碳比的升高,铁粒的脱硫率和脱磷率均增加;而随着碱度的增加,铁粒的脱硫率和脱磷率均先增大后减小。     

Utilization of gold-bearing and iron-rich pyrite cinder via a chlorination-volatilization process

The chlorination-volatilization process has been adopted to make full use of gold-bearing and iron-rich pyrite cinder. However, problems of low recovery rate, pulverization of pellets, and ring formation have been encountered during the industrialization of this process. The effects of various parameters on the volatilization rates of valuable metals and on the compressive strength of roasted pellets were investigated in this paper. The parameters include the CaCl₂ dosage, heating temperature, and holding time. The results show that heating temperature is the most important parameter for the recovery of target metals. More CaCl₂ was needed for the recovery of zinc than for the recovery of gold, silver, and lead. CaCl₂ started to react with sulfides/SO₂/SiO₂ at temperatures below the melting point of CaCl₂ to generate Cl₂/HCl. Gaseous CaCl₂ was formed at higher temperatures and could react with any of the components. The compressive strength of roasted CaCl₂-bearing pellets first decreased slowly with increasing temperature at temperatures lower than 873 K, which could result in the pulverization of pellets during heating. Their compressive strength increased dramatically with increasing temperature at temperatures greater than 1273 K. Certain quantities of CaCl₂ and Fe(Ⅱ) could improve the compressive strength of the roasted pellets; however, the addition of excessive CaCl₂ decreased the compressive strength of pellets.     

高碳粉煤灰超轻空心陶粒的制备

以高碳粉煤灰、凝灰岩和膨润土为主要原料,SiC和CaF_2分别作为发泡剂和助熔剂。原材料经磨细、筛选、混合、成球、晾干和高温焙烧等一系列程序后制成空心陶粒。用均匀试验法和单因素实验法探索原料用量、SiC添加量、CaF_2添加量以及烧结温度对陶粒物理性能的影响。确定最优配比和最佳温度后,对陶粒的表观密度、抗压碎强度、吸水率和软化系数进行测试。此外,还利用X射线衍射仪对陶粒原料和成品进行物象分析。结果表明,当高碳粉煤灰∶膨润土∶凝灰岩=40∶15∶47. 5、碳化硅用量为0. 6%、氟化钙用量为0. 5%、烧结温度为1 300℃时,可获得空心陶粒;此时,陶粒的堆积密度为187 kg/m~3,筒压强度为0. 204 MPa,24 h吸水率为1. 48%,软化系数为0. 833。