Biomimetic preparation and multi-sc ale microstructures of nano-sil ica/polyurethane elastomeric fibers

Bioinspired by the spinning of spider silks,the biomimetic preparation of nano-silica/polyurethane（nano-SiO/TPU） elastomeric fibers with distinctive multi-scale microstructures was successfully implemented.The formation mechanism of the nano-SiO₂/TPU fibers was considered as the integrated mechanism of diffusion,coagulation,self-assembly,and microphase separation,same as that of the native spider silks.The mass ratio of nano-SiO₂ to TPU greatly influenced the external and inner microstructures of the nano-SiO₂ATPU fibers.The formation process of the nano-SiO₂/TPU fibers was simply described as three main stages,and the second stage,such as the adding of the ethanol solvents and nano-SiO₂ in different diameters,was thought to be very crucial for the final external and inner microstructures of the prepared fibers.For example,the adding of the ethanol and the nano-SiO₂ spheres in diameter of 10 nm resulted in the existence of many TPU-self-assembled microspheres mostly spaced apart by the nano-SiO₂ aggregates in the nano-SiOVTPU fibers,while the adding of the ethanol and the nano-SiO₂ spheres in diameter of 100 nm resulted in the existence of the nano-SiO₂ spheres,instead of the TPU-self-assembled microspheres,distributed in the nano-SiO₂/TPU fibers.     

基于氧化石墨烯微加热器的微气泡研究

氧化石墨烯具有良好的光热转换效率,能在微纳米尺度的区域内形成热梯度场。利用氧化石墨烯沉积在微纳米光纤表面可组成微加热器,输入红外光（ASE宽带光源产生的光）,微加热器会加热周围液体,并在微纳米光纤上产生微热气泡和椭圆形微气泡,但两者产生的行为方式不同。结果表明,微热气泡直接形成于氧化石墨烯微加热器表面,而当微加热器置于气液交界面时,椭圆形微气泡则形成于微纳米光纤上。该研究结果加深了对微气泡物理行为的认识,对发展新兴的基于气泡的光热转化设备起到了推动作用。     

微纳马达在生物医疗领域中的应用

 作为微纳尺度的动力装置,微纳马达具有体积小、质量轻和驱动力大等优点,在传感检测、微纳加工和环境治理等方面表现出突出的优势,特别是在生物医疗领域具有巨大应用前景。本文阐述了生物医用微纳马达的制备及驱动控制方法,总结了微纳马达在药物靶向运输、细胞识别捕捉、纳米手术、吸附毒素及溶解血栓等生物医疗领域中的应用,并讨论了其在生物医疗领域面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。     

一种积层式压电驱动微纳喷雾技术研究

经济高效的微纳粉体制备技术是近年来研究的热点问题之一。针对微纳粉体喷雾干燥的要求,研究设计了一种积层式压电驱动微纳喷雾干燥粉体制备技术装置。研究首先构建了动力学模型,在此基础上对其关键结构进行了设计,并制造了一台实验装置;通过微纳喷雾干燥实验研究,证明了该技术装置可以制造出粒径≤600 nm的微纳粉体。该技术的研究,为其实际应用奠定了理论和实验基础。     

Effects of Electrochemical Treatment on the Superficial Properties of Rayon-based Carbon Fibers

The development of surface acidity on rayon-based carbon fibers during mild electrochemical treatment was investigated. Conductimetric titration was the primary method used to investigate the functionalities on the carbon fiber surface. The acidity on the surface of the untreated carbon fiber was very low, while for the treated fibers, the acidity increased significantly. Moreover, with the treatment extent proceeded, the acidity on the fiber surface also increased. SEM analysis shows electrochemical treatment under intense treatment degree caused considerable etch on the fiber surface. Cavities and grooves can be observed on the surface via the SEM microphotograph. While in a more mild treatment, electrochemical treatment didn't cause great etch on the surface of the fiber.     

Fabrication and character ization of electrospun TiO2/CuS micro–nano-scaled composite fibers

A process to fabricate a kind of novel micro–nano scaled TiO2/CuS composite fibers by electrospinning technique and chemical precipitation method was developed in the present study. The microstructures and photoelectronic properties of the fibers were characterize d using SEM, FT-IR, UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results revealed that the TiO2 portion in the composite fibers was a mixture rutile and anatase phases while TiO2 and CuS had been fully composite. The fibers had smooth surface with a diameter of 50–300 nm. Comparing with pure TiO2 fiber, the TiO2/CuS micro–nano-scaled composite fibers exhibited a strong absorption in the visible light region and the efficiency of photo-induced charge separation were enhanced. This composite system is of widely potential applications in the areas such as solar cells, supercapacity, photocatalysis, etc.     

纤维对气凝胶复合材料导热和力学性能的影响研究

采用酸碱两步催化制备硅溶胶,将3种不同类型的纤维（如玻璃纤维、涤纶纤维和静电纺聚偏氟乙烯微纳米纤维等）作为增强材料,在常压干燥条件下制备出结构稳定的纤维增强气凝胶隔热复合材料．研究了纤维种类、直径等对复合材料结构、力学性能和导热性能的影响,结果表明,气凝胶隔热复合材料的导热系数约在0．025～0．028W·m-K^-1间,与常温下静止空气导热系数接近,具有较好的隔热保温性能;而气凝胶复合材料的抗压强度较纯气凝胶大幅提高了4～5倍,其中以微纳尺度静电纺纤维增强的气凝胶复合材料还具有较好的柔性和结构完整性．     

弹性聚四氟乙烯/聚氨酯共混薄膜的制备与性能研究

在分散型聚四氟乙烯树脂（PTFE）中混入热塑性弹性体聚氨酯（TPU）,采用二次双向拉伸制备了具有良好弹性的多微孔薄膜,并对薄膜进行弹性性能测试及透射电镜（TEM）和 表面扫描电镜（SEM）观察。结果表明：TPU在PTFE中能够均匀掺混,经二次双向拉伸后PTFE 形成了网状结构,TPU依附在PTFE纤维上也被拉伸成细小纤维,二者共同形成了多微孔薄膜,而且TPU的加入有效地改善了PTFE薄膜的弹性性能。     

碳/碳复合材料中不同微区的基体结构

为优化碳基体结构,提高碳/碳(C/C)复合材料综合性能,针对沥青基C/C复合材料中纤维束内及纤维束间不同碳基体结构微区,利用显微Raman光谱、原位纳米力学测试、Micro-CT、扫描电镜(SEM)和压汞仪对碳基体结构进行研究。结果表明:碳基体呈片层结构沿纤维、纤维束表面取向堆积排列,在纤维、纤维束表面区域及纤维束之间碳基体中存在一定孔隙、裂纹等缺陷;纤维间基体的石墨化程度是沿着纤维表面向中心区域逐步增强,靠近纤维表面区域基体的弹性模量高于纤维间区域的弹性模量。C/C复合材料中碳基体形成过程存在渐次性和差异性,从而影响C/C复合材料综合力学性能。     

仿生低阻力医用缝合针设计与刺穿过程的数值模拟

针对医用缝合针缝合过程产生的刺穿阻力会对软组织造成损伤且刺穿阻力越大损伤程度越高的问题，提出了低阻力医用缝合针仿生模型。以鼠李科植物酸枣树（Ziziphus jujube）钩刺为仿生原型设计针尖锥度/半径、针体曲率等，并在针体表面设置竖条纹凹槽，形成仿生低阻力医用缝合针；采用LS-DYNA软件与库伦摩擦模型进行仿生低阻力医用缝合针刺穿皮肤软组织过程的数值模拟。结果显示，竖条纹凹槽针体可使仿刺尖锥度/半径与刺体曲率的低阻力医用缝合针的刺穿阻力降低34.24%~58.48%，仿刺尖锥度/半径的低阻力医用缝合针的刺穿阻力降低30.26%~49.86%；采用数控精细加工技术制备仿生低阻力医用缝合针并进行功效测试，其刺穿带皮猪肉过程的刺穿阻力可降低43.02%。研究结果明确了医用缝合针形貌结构特征对刺穿阻力的影响规律，为低阻力医用缝合针仿生设计提供了理论参考。     

Coating for Nano Super Soil-repellency of Cashmere Fabric

The nano-size metal oxide was prepared by the single-disperse technique on liquid phase, and formed sol dusters, its uniform film was covered on the surface of cashmere fibers by coating, and it had good oil repellency and water repellency. The results of IR（infrared） Spectrometer analysis revealed： The nano material combines through the strong bonds with the surface of cashmere fibers by the live groups. These analyses by SEM techniques showed that the nano material was distributed on the fiber surface even, and the nano material formed the strong peak of the regular crystal phase structure using the X-Ray Diffractometry （XRD） to analysis the fabric. The optimum techniques were selected by a series of experiments, coated cashmere fabric not only has preserved original properties of softness and comfort, but also has good properties of Bi-repellency function. Therefore, the technique will have potential appfication in engineers.     

铝溶胶改性杨木纤维性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法以铝的无机盐为原料制备溶胶,通过真空加压法将溶胶引入杨木纤维细胞壁内,分析改性后杨木纤维的性能。结果表明,铝溶胶处理木纤维的质量增加率受其含水率的影响,木纤维含水率越高,木纤维／氧化铝纳米复合材料的质量增加率越低。在溶胶处理木纤维过程中采用超声波处理,超声波时间越长,木纤维／氧化铝纳米复合材料的质量增加率越高。红外分析表明,在处理后木纤维的内部已经形成O—Al—O键,可以推测Al2O3凝胶的存在;扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDX)可看出,溶胶粒子已经渗入到细胞壁内,并保持了木材多孔结构。以杨木纤维-氧化铝纳米复合材料压制的中密度纤维板尺寸稳定性和阻燃性明显提高。     

炭纤维硝酸氧化及对热解炭微观结构的影响

在CVD增密前对预制体炭纤维进行表面硝酸氧化处理,研究不同浓度硝酸、不同氧化处理时间对炭纤维表面结构状态的影响,以及最终对CVD热解炭微观结构的作用及机理.研究结果表明:对炭纤维表面用质量分数为66％浓硝酸处理时,炭纤维表面形成沿纤维轴向的沟槽；随着处理时间的延长,沟槽先加深后减弱,经40min处理后炭纤维表面刻蚀沟槽最均匀；预制体经不同硝酸质量分数(66％,33％和22％)处理40 min后进行CVD沉积得到C/C复合材料,其中经33％硝酸处理的样品中所沉积的热解炭微观有序度最高,且近炭纤维表面处热解炭有序度最高,由内至外有序度逐渐降低；在优化处理条件下,纤维表面氧化刻蚀均匀,表面所形成的含氧官能团(羰基和羧基)有效诱导了CVD过程中热解炭在纤维表面的有序沉积.     

非均质储层纳微米聚合物颗粒体系驱油实验研究

为了深入揭示低渗透储层非均质性对聚合物颗粒分散体系驱油效果的影响,采用平板填砂模型和岩芯串、并
联组合实验技术,对纳微米聚合物颗粒分散体系进行了非均质驱油实验研究,并分析了纵向、横向非均质性和渗透率
级差对驱油效果的影响。平板填砂模型模拟实验结果表明,聚合物颗粒分散体系对改善储层纵向非均质性效果更明
显,在纵向非均质模型中提高的采收率比横向非均质模型高9.83%。岩芯组合模拟实验结果表明,随着渗透率级差增
加,聚合物颗粒分散体系提高串、并联岩芯组合模型的采收率均逐渐增大,在相近渗透率级差变化情况下,聚合物分散
体系提高串联岩芯组合模型的采收率增幅为6.65%,而提高并联岩芯组合模型的采收率增幅为9.48%;渗透率级差越
大,高、低渗岩芯的分流量相差越大,聚合物颗粒分散体系调驱后,高渗岩芯的分流量降低,低渗岩芯的分流量增大。     

纳微米聚合物颗粒分散体系微孔滤膜流动特征

为了评价纳微米聚合物颗粒分散体系在低渗透油藏中的流动特征,利用微孔滤膜模拟低渗透油藏的喉道,采 用激光粒度仪和微孔滤膜过滤装置,对其流动特征及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明：水化时间小于120 h 时,聚 合物颗粒的封堵作用较强;水化时间大于120 h 后,聚合物颗粒逐级调驱能力增强;随着压力差增大,聚合物颗粒储层 深处逐级调驱的效果增强,压力差大于0.15 MPa 后,逐级调驱效果增加的速度明显加快;随着滤膜孔径减小,聚合物 颗粒过滤速度急剧降低,在0.45,0.80µm 微孔滤膜上粒径为1.68µm 聚合物颗粒具有很强的封堵能力,而在3.0 µm 微 孔滤膜上具有较强的储层深部逐级调驱效果;随着聚合物颗粒浓度增加,储层深部逐级调驱效果变弱,颗粒浓度增至 2.0 g/L 后,聚合物颗粒已经没有深部逐级调驱的效果。     

铜热管内壁微沟槽的高速充液旋压加工

对直齿微沟槽铜热管的高速充液旋压拉拔成形加工机理进行了研究,建立了微沟槽高速充液旋压成形的几何模型,通过实验发现:微沟槽的加工包括挤压和成形两个阶段;影响微沟槽成形的主要因素包括多齿芯头几何参数、芯头位置、减薄量、拉拔速度、旋压器转速和工作温度等;通过控制挤压深度、进给量、芯头形状与位置等,可加工出不同形状、不同深宽比及不同壁厚的微沟槽;高速充液旋压加工微沟槽在生产上具有可行性,其材料利用率和生产效率高,成本低廉.     

Exfoliated sodium-montmorillonite in nitrile butadiene rubber nanocomposites with good properties

We prepared and utilized a novel ultrafine fully-vulcanized powder nitrile butadiene rubber (UFPNBR)/sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) nanocompound powder, in which nanoscale UFPNBR particles and nanoscale platelets of Na-MMT were isolated and stuck each other. When the UFPNBR/Na-MMT nanocompoud powder was mixed with crude nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), UFPNBR particles could be easily dispersed in NBR matrix because of good compatibility, and nanoscale Na-MMT was also dispersed well in NBR matrix due to the carrier aidance of UFPNBR particle, thus the NBR/UFPNBR/Na-MMT ternary nanocomposites adapting to industry was fabricated. X-ray diffraction test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation indicated that nanoscale Na-MMT was dispersed well in NBR matrix. Compared with NBR/Na-MMT binary composites, NBR/UFPNBR/Na-MMT ternary nanocomposites have shorter vulcanization time and higher flame retardancy due to the exfoliated Na-MMT in NBR matrix. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50873049), Shandong Young Scientists Encouragement Foundation (Grant No. 2007BS04038), Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong Education Department (Grant No. J07YA12), and the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects of China (Grant No. 2005CB623805)     

后处理对聚丙烯中空纤维膜性能的影响

采用熔融挤出拉伸法制备了聚丙烯中空纤维膜，详细探讨了中空纤维的机械性能，尤其是各种条件对其弹性恢复性能的影响，研究发现后处理(热处理条件和牵伸比)对膜材料的孔隙率，平均孔径和气体的穿透性能有很大的影响，采用片晶和微纤模型可以很好地解释中空纤维膜的实验现象和成孔机理。     

水分散性纳米SiO2的制备、表面修饰及性能

以硅粉为主要原料，在碱催化下制备出了高固含量、低成本的纳米SiO2水分散液。采用聚醋酸乙烯对纳米SiO2进行了表面修饰，并对其机理进行了探讨。研究了反应奈件和表面修饰条件等对水分散性纳米SiO2性能的影响，得到了适宜的工艺条件。     

纳米MoS2含量对纳米微量润滑磨削CFRPs的影响

为了研究磨削碳纤维复合材料(CFRPs)时,纳米二硫化钼(MoS₂)含量对纳米微量润滑效果的影响,制备了不同质量分数(0%,3%,6%,9%,12%)的纳米MoS₂和棕榈油混合液,作为纳米微量润滑油液,对碳纤维复合材料进行磨削加工.使用光学显微镜,观测分析碳纤维复合材料的表面粗糙度、表面形貌.使用测力仪对磨削力进行测量,并通过磨削力计算出磨削力比.最后对纳米(MoS₂)在纳米微量润滑磨削过程中的作用机理进行了阐述.结果表明,当纳米(MoS₂)质量分数为9%时磨削力比最低,为0.0632,表面粗糙度R_○a值最小,为1.86μm,且表面碳纤维损伤最小.