一类用于攻击NTRU的新格

NTRU算法是一个新的公钥密码算法．其安全性取决于从一个非常大的维数格中寻找最短向量的困难性．作研究了NTRU算法的安全性．使用格约化方法对NTRU算法进行攻击．并找到了一类特殊的格．由于利用了NTRU私钥的特殊结构，该格的维(dimension)比常用的格更小．研究表明．具有某种特征的NTRU密钥特别容易被攻击，但是本的方法可以用于攻击所有的NTRU密钥．该研究不会影响NTRU的应用．只是对NTRU格参数的选取有了更加严格的限制条件．从安全性和有效性综合考虑，NTRU公钥密码体制有着广阔的应用前景．     

NTRU密码算法的安全性分析

随着量子计算的快速发展,目前主流的公钥密码体制如RSA、ECC等均已找到多项式时间复杂度的量子求解算法.NTRU密码算法由于至今未找到有效的量子求解算法,被认为具有抗量子计算攻击的能力,加之其具有加解密速度快、内存需求小等特点,已经在公钥密码领域受到了广泛关注.首先介绍NTRU密码算法的加解密流程以及算法的改进方案,然后从格攻击和非格攻击两方面分析NTRU密码算法的安全性,重点介绍格攻击在子域上的最新进展,以及解密错误攻击的提出和改进.     

一类用于攻击NTRU的新格

NTRU算法是一个新的公钥密码算法,其安全性取决于从一个非常大的维数格中寻找最短向量的困难性.作者研究了NTRU算法的安全性,使用格约化方法对NTRU算法进行攻击.并找到了一类特殊的格,由于利用了NTRU私钥的特殊结构,该格的维(dimension)比常用的格更小.研究表明,具有某种特征的NTRU密钥特别容易被攻击,但是本文的方法可以用于攻击所有的NTRU密钥.该研究不会影响NTRU的应用,只是对NTRU格参数的选取有了更加严格的限制条件.从安全性和有效性综合考虑,NTRU公钥密码体制有着广阔的应用前景.     

NTRU公钥密码体制的实现与分析

NTRU是Jeffrey Hoffstein等在1996年提出的一种新的公钥密码体制,其安全性基于大维数格中寻找最短向量的数学难题。速度上的优势使它有着非常广泛的应用前景,和椭圆曲线密码体制一起,成为新一代最优秀的公钥密码体制。主要介绍了NTRU的设计原理,对算法进行了优化设计和分析,特别地,将算法中的卷积转化为加减运算,提高了系统的性能。     

基于NTRU公钥密码体制的可认证同态密钥协商协议

分析了常见的密钥协商协议,基于同态加密机制和NTRU公钥密码体制,提出了基于NTRU的可认证同态密钥协商协议.该协议建立的会话密钥是可认证的、等献的和前向保密的.和基于其他公钥密码体制的密钥协商协议相比,所提出的密钥协商协议的效率和安全性都有所提高.使用改进的BAN逻辑对协议进行形式化分析,证明了协议的安全性     

一种新型快速的公钥加密方案

借鉴NTRU公钥密码体制的设计思想,提出了一种基于因式分解困难性的全新公钥加密方案.该方案安全、简单、高效,易于实现,且密文具有随机性的特点,非常适合于小数据量和受限环境(如手机、智能卡)下的加密通信.     

基于NTRU的PKI模型

计算机网络的发展与普及,使得人们对网络安全的要求也越来越高,PKI正是能够实现信息安全的热门密码技术.NTRU算法是一个新的公钥密码体制,它具有密钥产生容易、高速和低需求等特点,它的加密使用基于多项式代数和对数p,g约化模的混合系统,而解密使用基于概率论的非混合系统.文中提出了一个基于NTRU和NTRUSign的PKI模型,在此模型中一个主体拥有两个证书,且证书的颁发由两个子CA进行,这样减轻了根CA的负荷,讨论了此模型具有的特点,从而使这个模型具有一定的实用价值.     

关于实多项式型公钥密码体制的探讨

用公钥密码的基本要求来徇实多项式型公钥密码体制，设计了一个破译算法彻底地攻破了这一体制，更进一步地指出了所谓实多项式公钥密码在计算机上实现仍然是有理多项式密码。     

基于NTRU公钥密码系统的RFID通信安全协议的研究

 提出使用NTRU公钥密码系统建立RFID通信安全协议。通过使用构造随机化函数对NTRU公钥密码系统的明文进行动态、随机化映射,使由其映射后的明文具有了动态、随机分布的特性,实现了对明文信息的隐蔽,抵御了对明文信息特性的统计,致使攻击者对所得信息及信息来源无法区分和识别。由此设计的安全协议不仅满足了RFID通信安全协议要求的保密性、认证性等基本功能,而且能够有效地解决流量分析、跟踪攻击、隐私泄漏等RFID系统特殊的安全问题。同时不需要穷尽搜索,不需要密钥同步,密钥存储、密钥管理系统简单,并且具有良好的可扩展性。     

基于DES和RSA的混合加密机制

密码是一种可以防止信息泄漏的技术.就体制而言，一般分为两类：对称密码体制和非对称密码体制.对称密码体制这类算法用同一把钥匙进行加密解密，适合对大批量数据的加密.常见的算法有DES、IDES、FEAL等.非对称密码算法是发信人和接信人之间需要进行密钥交换，目前常用的公钥密码系统基于由RSA Data Security获得专利的算法.非对称密码体制使用公钥（Public key）和私钥（private key）进行认证，签名，加密等，公钥和私钥是同时生成的，成为一对钥.用你的公钥加密的数据只有用你的私钥才能解密。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the