垃圾填埋场中水泥土屏障对Cu2+的阻滞性能

通过室内模型试验,研究了不同水泥掺量的水泥土防渗屏障和上海老港填埋场的膨润土砂水泥(塑性混凝土)防渗屏障对Cu~(2+)的阻滞效果,并应用数值模拟的方法对Cu~(2+)在防渗屏障中的有效扩散系数进行求解.研究结果表明,随着水泥掺量和屏障厚度的增加,水泥土屏障对金属离子的阻滞效果会逐步提升;Cu~(2+)在水泥土中的有效扩散系数(1×10~(-7)~2.5×10~(-7) cm~2·s~(-1))是在土中的有效扩散系数(9.53×10~(-6)~1.14×10~(-5) cm~2·s~(-1))的1/35~1/100;上海老港填埋场中的塑性混凝土防渗屏障对Cu~(2+)有较好的阻滞效果.     

水泥复合土的渗透性能试验研究

为了提高水泥土的工程抗渗特性,本文设计了水泥复合土的配合比,采取正交试验方法,进行了水泥复合土的渗透试验,得到了水泥复合土的渗透系数,并通过极差分析和方差分析,研究了水泥土中的水泥掺量、膨润土掺量和粉煤灰掺量对水泥土抗渗性能的影响,建立了水泥复合土的渗透系数随水泥掺量、膨润土掺量以及粉煤灰掺量变化的回归方程.结果表明:随着水泥掺量、膨润土掺量以及粉煤灰掺量的增加,水泥复合土的渗透系数均逐渐降低;水泥土掺量对水泥复合土渗透系数的影响最大,其次为粉煤灰掺量的影响,膨润土掺量的影响偏小.     

水泥复合土的抗压强度试验研究

为了改善水泥土力学特性,设计了水泥复合土的配合比。采取正交试验方法,进行了水泥复合土的抗压强度试验,并通过极差分析和方差分析,研究了水泥掺量、膨润土掺量和粉煤灰掺量对水泥土抗压强度的影响大小和变化规律,建立了水泥复合土抗压强度随水泥掺量、膨润土掺量和粉煤灰掺量变化的回归方程。研究结果表明,随着水泥掺量的增加,水泥复合土的抗压强度逐渐增大;随着膨润土掺量的增加其抗压强度逐渐降低;对于粉煤灰掺量,其抗压强度在20%处达到最大。通过方差分析可知,水泥掺量对水泥复合土抗压强度的影响最大,其次为粉煤灰掺量的影响,膨润土掺量的影响最小。     

离子固化淤泥土的强度特征与破坏模式

为了使废弃的淤泥获得工程价值,提高淤泥土的强度,通过对不同掺量的水泥和离子固化剂的配比,研究固化后淤泥在不同龄期下无侧限抗压强度,分析了水泥掺量和离子固化剂掺量对固化土抗压强度的影响,确定了离子固化剂的最佳掺量,得出了淤泥离子固化土的两种破坏形态。结果表明:淤泥固化土的抗压强度与水泥掺量成明显的线性递增关系,当离子固化剂的掺量达到0.02%时抗压强度不再明显的增加,甚至会降低;离子固化剂固化淤泥土有利于提高早期强度;当6%水泥和0.02%离子固化剂掺量时可达到工程要求,可见淤泥离子固化土的研究具有重要的工程意义。     

超细矿粉对水泥土力学性能的影响

目的研究水泥和超细矿粉复掺对水泥土力学性能的影响,比较不同掺量水泥和超细矿粉所引起水泥土无侧限抗压强度变化之间的差异.方法在固化剂掺量10%条件下,分别测试了不同超细矿粉和氢氧化钙掺量下水泥土的无侧限抗压强度,分析水泥掺量对大掺量超细矿粉水泥土的应力-应变曲线;利用扫描电子显微镜分析固化水泥土的微观结构.结果养护龄期7 d时,超细矿粉水泥土无侧限抗压强度随超细矿粉取代率增加呈下降的趋势,但下降幅度逐渐减小;养护龄期14 d和28 d时,随超细矿粉取代率增加,水泥土无侧限抗压强度呈先减小后增大的趋势.当超细矿粉的取代率为80%时,养护7 d时的水泥土无侧限抗压强度下降了29%,而相同超细矿粉取代率的水泥土在14 d和28 d时的无侧限抗压强度分别提高了9.3%和15%.超细矿粉掺入有利于改善水泥土结构的密实性,掺量为80%的水泥土结构表面有絮状胶凝物和针状钙矾石生成.结论水泥土的无侧限抗压强度随水泥掺量的增大和养护龄期的延长而提高;水泥的掺入可以改变水泥土的弹性模量;随水泥掺量增加,水泥土应力峰值增大;超细矿粉可细化水泥土的孔隙,使结构更加密实.     

粉煤灰水泥土力学特性试验研究

针对上海苏州河区域的软土特点,将粉煤灰和水泥作为固化材料加固饱和软黏土,研究粉煤灰对水泥土力学特性的影响.通过无侧限抗压强度试验,研究了不同粉煤灰掺量、水泥掺量以及不同龄期对水泥土强度和变形特性的影响;通过Matlab数据拟合,提出了水泥粉煤灰固化土的强度预测方法.随着龄期的增长和粉煤灰掺量的增加,固化土的应力应变关系由塑性破坏转变成脆性破坏.当粉煤灰掺量过高时,水泥土中易发生耦合反应,影响固化效果.因此,水泥掺量与粉煤灰掺量比例为1∶1,且粉煤灰最佳掺量为14%~18%.     

天然浮石粉对水泥土力学性能的影响

为充分利用当地自然资源,改善路基施工过程中的软弱地基现状,用浮石粉水泥土试件进行了不同水泥掺量、不同浮石粉掺量的水泥土三轴剪切试验,进一步分析了水泥土的力学性能,通过三轴剪切试验测得不同围压下水泥土的应力—应变曲线、峰值强度等力学指标.试验结果表明:随着水泥掺量的增加,浮石粉水泥土的抗剪强度增大,但水泥掺量达到16％以...     

闽南海相沉积土水泥土的强度特性分析

根据闽南地区海相沉积土水泥搅拌桩工程的室内配方试验成果,分析水泥土的龄期、水泥掺量、土样含水量和土样种类对水泥土无侧限抗压强度的影响.研究表明,水泥土强度与龄期有关,28 d内强度增长较快,28～60 d的强度增长速率趋缓;水泥土的强度随着水泥掺量的增大而增大,两者基本呈线性关系;随着土样含水量的增加,粉喷桩水泥土强度...     

水泥固化淤泥中重金属扩散的试验研究

对不同重金属和水泥添加量的淤泥进行了固化处理,主要通过一维动态浸出试验获得固化淤泥中重金属的扩散系数,由压汞试验分析固化淤泥的微观孔隙结构,并从微观分析重金属扩散特性.试验结果表明,通过氯离子的扩散试验求得的固化淤泥的表观弯曲因子,随着水泥掺量的增加而降低.随着水泥掺量的增加,固化淤泥主要孔隙直径由0.1~1μm变为0.01~0.1μm.当干土中铅离子的初始质量分数为2%、4%时,固化淤泥中铅离子表观扩散系数变化范围为10~(-16)~10~(-14)m~2/s数量级,其随着水泥掺量的增加而降低,随铅离子初始浓度的增大而增大.增加水泥掺量后,含铅固化淤泥主要孔隙直径由0.1~1μm变为0.01~0.1μm,表明水化产物对铅离子的物理包裹吸附作用不容忽视.当干土中铅的初始质量分数为2%时,含铅、氯离子的固化淤泥孔隙结构相似,而铅离子表观扩散系数比氯离子小4~6个数量级,表明水泥对铅离子的化学稳定作用也至关重要,固化淤泥对铅离子的阻滞系数随水泥掺量的增加而增大.固化淤泥中铜离子的表观扩散系数比铅离子小4~6个数量级,而含铜固化淤泥孔隙直径以0.1~1μm为主,增加水泥掺量不能有效降低其孔径大小.因此,铜与水泥熟料反应形成沉淀,降低铜离子的扩散能力,同时也抑制了水化产物的生成.     

水泥硅灰粉砂土抗剪强度实验研究

以宁夏银川市某道路路基填筑的粉砂性土为实验对象,分别对水泥粉砂土和水泥硅灰粉砂土进行了三轴实验研究,分析了硅灰对水泥粉砂性土力学参数的影响规律.结果表明,硅灰替代水泥虽然不能改善水泥粉砂土的摩擦角,但可以改善水泥粉砂土的黏聚力,且随着硅灰替代量的增加,黏聚力呈先增加后减小的趋势.3%水泥粉砂土的硅灰最佳替代量为12.05%;5%水泥粉砂土的硅灰最佳替代量为16.5%.随着水泥掺量的增加,最佳硅灰替代量将增加;不同水泥掺量的粉砂土,硅灰对其抗变形能力影响不同,主要取决于水泥土的刚柔性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.