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1.
考虑碳排放权交易,研究由碳排放权供应商、制造商和零售商组成的供应链系统三方企业价格决策问题,根据制造商和零售商所组成的供应链分散决策和集中决策情形,分别建立三方企业价格决策模型,并比较分析两种决策情形的优化结果.理论分析表明:供应链集中决策情形下碳排放权供应商的碳权转移价格、碳排放权供应商利润、制造商与零售商组成的供应链利润均高于分散决策.最后通过算例对模型进行验证,并分析单位碳排放权成本、单位产品碳排放成本、单位产品碳排放量和政府分配的碳排放配额对碳排放权供应商利润、制造商利润和零售商利润的影响.  相似文献   

2.
考虑包含一个制造商和两个供应商的两级供应链系统中,两供应商之间在碳减排研发水平上进行纳什博弈,而制造商与两供应商进行斯坦伯格博弈.构建了考虑碳减排研发技术水平溢出的博弈模型,并通过逆序求解法得到两个供应商的中间产品价格、碳减排研发水平和制造商产量,比较分析了不同竞合模式下供应链的决策及利润,并设计了一种收益共享供应链协调机制.研究表明:1)制造商与两供应商协同合作不仅可以使供应链整体利润最优,而且还能形成共赢的局面;2)技术外溢系数与制造商产量、碳减排研发水平和供应链各方及整体利润成正相关关系,与供应商中间产品价格成负相关关系;3)技术外溢系数越大,制造商利润留成比例可行范围越大.最后通过算例分析,验证了模型的正确性以及协调机制的有效性,并提出针对性的方法和建议.  相似文献   

3.
从知识创新对供应链生存和发展的重要性出发,研究了供应链协同知识创新的含义,指出协同知识创新是其特点.根据制造商参与的不同程度,建立了制造商协同供应商知识创新的4个层次.在此基础上,指出协同知识创新的第4层次,制造商投资供应商进行创新有着积极意义.基于制造商和供应商一对一的供应链模型,设定市场需求不变,分别构造制造商与供应商的获利函数,通过对获利函数的求解,得出制造商投资供应商创新的经济决策条件.最后,以实例说明模型的应用,并指出进一步的研究方向.  相似文献   

4.
绿色供应链是供应链概念的拓展和延伸,它以循环经济作为其哲学理念,供应链伙伴成员共同努力以减少自然资源和能源消耗,以此保护生态环境.为了研究不同市场结构下的绿色供应链效率,应用博弈论,分析了单一制造商和单一供应商组成的绿色供应链减量化生产效率问题,分别得到了纳什博弈和合作博弈的均衡解,并比较了两种博弈情况下的供应商、制造商的努力水平和供应链总利润的优劣.  相似文献   

5.
基于Agent供应链成员协商机制研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
供应链成员之间的协商是供应链管理的基础部分,供应链成员只有通过协商才能进行有效的合作。在分析制造商与供应商协商系统结构的基础上,给出制造商与供应商具体的协商策略,分别阐述了制造商与供应商的协商决策机制。并且将Agent技术运用到制造商与供应商协商系统中,具体分析了Agent系统框架及应用实例。  相似文献   

6.
针对由单个供应商和两个相互竞争制造商组成的两级供应链,其中供应商是领导者,制造商是跟随者,生产两种替代性产品,讨论供应商统一批量价格策略和制造商保修期策略.采用逆序归纳法研究该供应链成员之间的博弈行为.首先,讨论两个制造商之间的博弈行为,得到了保修期最优反应函数和唯一的Nash均衡.然后,讨论供应商的批量价格策略,得到了具体的解析表达式.并采用数值算例,针对两制造商的区别只是市场规模不同的特例,刻画了供应商和制造商的策略和单位时间利润的变化规律.  相似文献   

7.
考虑供应中断的情况,分析了由制造商、主供应商和备用供应商所组成的多产品供应链,采用基于区间分析的Bertsimas鲁棒优化方法来描述销售价格的不确定性,建立了供应链鲁棒模型,并进行优化求解.设计的鲁棒模型能够满足供应链三个主体———制造商、主供应商和备用供应商利润最优的目标,同时可以抵抗一定的不确定性.数值算例结果表明,当销售价格在一定范围波动时,所建立的模型具有鲁棒性.  相似文献   

8.
由一个总装制造商和一个零部件供应商组成的制造供应链,合作开发一种成长期的产品,该产品的上市时间影响产品的市场需求。在分析集中系统和分散系统研发决策的基础上,提出了价格补贴策略,用博弈论的方法分析了供应商的研发投入决策和制造商的价格补贴策略,并对供应链的系统协调性和供应链双方博弈均衡存在的条件进行了探讨,得出了供应链双方进行研发合作的有效方案;最后的赋值分析验证了理论分析得到的结论。  相似文献   

9.
横向Bertrand垄断竞争下的供应链需求信息纵向共享博弈   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究下游企业间存在Bertrand价格竞争时的供应链信息纵向共享激励及其对供应链整体绩效的影响,利用总体均值后验统计推断,建立了由1个上游供应商和n(≥2)个具有私有需求信息的下游制造商构成的两级供应链信息博弈模型.结果表明,虽然信息共享能提高供应链的整体绩效,但隐藏信息却是下游企业的最优策略.进一步研究发现,上下游企业间的信息交易对供应链各方都是有利的,并且通过信息租金的转移支付,信息完全共享的帕累托最优均衡是可以实现的.  相似文献   

10.
为了增强企业间需求信息的共享程度,降低"牛鞭效应"对需求放大的影响,建立了制造商订货的制造商和零售商的博弈模型;通过模型推导,分别得到了分散式决策下零售商的最优销售价格、供应商的最优初次生产数量和最优批发价格,与集中式决策下供应链的最优初次生产数量和最优销售价格;通过数值分析探讨了两种决策情形下需求风险对零售商、制造商和供应链的利润,以及供应链效率的影响;进一步的分析发现,当市场风险较大时,零售商和制造商采取分散式决策可以提高供应链的利润和提高供应链的效率。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

14.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

15.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

16.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

17.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

18.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

19.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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