具有主用户中断概率约束的认知无线电系统容量分析

该文引入主用户中断概率作为评价主用户传输质量的标准,同时考虑认知用户平均/峰值发射功率的约束,得到认知系统的各态历经容量和中断概率容量,提出了一种具有主用户中断概率约束的认知无线电资源分配算法。通过数学理论推导可以获得认知系统最优的发射功率,以此功率进行信息传输可以获得最大的系统容量。     

感知无线电系统中主用户的中断概率分析

在感知无线电系统中,不精确的频谱检测错误将会引起感知用户和主用户之间的冲突,对主用户的通信造成干扰.使用马尔可夫链对系统进行建模,得到2种冲突解决方案下的系统状态转移图.采用主用户中断概率作为性能指标估计感知用户对主用户造成的干扰.仿真结果表明,随着感知用户检测概率不断增加,主用户中断概率不断降低,仿真结果和理论分析结...     

基于时分复用的认知MIMO系统的干扰消除算法

在认知MIMO通信系统中,认知用户伺机接入到主用户的频谱中,在传输过程中认知用户对主用户以及认知用户之间都会产生很大的干扰.为了消除认知用户之间的干扰,提出基于时分复用的干扰消除算法.该算法旨在认知系统中对认知用户传输的整个时间段进行划分,在保证认知系统吞吐量最大的情况下,得到每个认知用户的传输时间段,然后在对应的传输时间下进行此认知用户的通信,此时只有单个认知用户进行通信,避免受到其他认知用户的干扰.仿真结果表明,在信噪比小于6 d B时,采用所提算法下,单位带宽认知系统可以增加0.5bit/s的吞吐量,同时能源效率平均提高了1.2 bit·s-1·w-1.     

认知网中多时隙联合频谱感知和功率分配

为了降低认知无线网中认知用户对主用户的干扰,并为了最大化系统的认知吞吐量,提出了一种多时隙频谱感知和功率分配的联合优化方案。该方案将系统的每个帧分为若干个时隙,每个时隙分别进行频谱感知,通过合并每个时隙的感知结果,有效的提高了系统的检测精度,降低了系统的干扰概率。同时理论分析了感知时间与传输功率分配方案,发现两者都存在最优分配解,在约束认知用户检测概率与传输功率的基础上,将吞吐量描述为关于感知时间与功率的多约束优化问题,通过设计联合迭代算法对认知吞吐量进行了联合优化并获得了最优感知时间与最优传输功率分配。仿真结果表明,所提联合优化方案吞吐量性能最接近理论最优方案,并可通过牺牲部分吞吐量性能降低系统干扰概率,且复杂度较低。     

认知解码转发中继网络的安全性能分析

在认知中继安全通信网络中,研究了自适应解码转发中继节点采用机会式传输策略的物理层安全性能。在满足主用户对干扰功率限制的条件下,推导了在瑞利信道下的安全中断概率的闭合表达式,并进一步推导了安全中断概率性能的渐近表达式,从而可以直观地对系统性能进行分析。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性,并揭示了在认知中继网络中各系统参数对机会式传输方案的安全性能的影响。结果表明,可以通过增大主用户的最大干扰功率容限和增加次级中继节点个数来提升系统安全性能。     

基于极大似然比频谱检测的认知无线电子载波分配算法

在认知无线电多载波调制系统中,子载波分配是实现主用户与认知用户频谱共享的前提.研究了认知OFDM中基于极大似然比检测(MLD)的子载波分配算法,认知用户采用MLD模型对主用户频谱使用情况进行分布式检测,利用频谱检测信息动态分配子载波,通过认知基站对认知用户子载波频谱感知信息进行融合判决.推导了MLD模型的判决区域上下界阈值、检测概率与虚警概率,并与能量检测进行性能比较.仿真结果表明,相对于能量检测,MLD判决阈值与子载波平均接收信噪比(SNR)有关,检测性能自适应信道变化.MLD用于CR多载波调制中的子载波分配,可明显提高认知OFDM子载波频谱感知性能,从而达到高效利用频谱资源,实现"绿色通信".     

基于数据融合的协作频谱感知算法

协作的频谱感知使认知无线电(CR)网络对主用户进行可靠的检测,并避免了对主用户通信的干扰.数据融合是协作的频谱感知的关键技术.对基于"与"准则、"或"准则、最大后验概率准则和贝叶斯准则的数据融合算法进行了研究,采用这4种融合方法在认知无线电网络中进行协作频谱感知,并比较了它们的频谱检测性能.仿真结果显示最大后验概率准则和贝叶斯准则在认知无线电的环境中有优越的感知性能.     

感知能力受限的认知无线电系统中的合作检测

为了实现可靠的宽带频谱检测,在感知能力受限的多用户认知无线电系统中使用合作频谱检测。首先对合作检测性能和系统平均传输吞吐量进行建模。在主用户网络可容忍的子频段传输冲突概率受限的前提下,研究多用户合作检测最优化问题,以最大化认知网络的平均传输吞吐量。使用穷举法获得系统的最优合作检测策略,并提出了一个启发式算法以简化计算复杂度。理论分析和数值仿真证明,提出的合作检测策略能有效提高认知无线电系统的频谱检测性能。     

过零双门限协作频谱感知算法

应用过零双门限协作频谱感知算法估计无线电频谱的占用状态,研究了认知用户个数、计算所用的采样点数、不同信噪比及判决系数对检测概率的影响,并与传统双门限能量检测、差分双门限能量检测算法的检测性能进行了对比研究,发现在信噪比为-5 dB,判决系数为0. 05,虚警概率小于等于0. 8时,过零双门限检测方法单认知用户检测性能明显优于其他2种检测方法;当信噪比均为-5 dB,参与协作感知的认知用户个数小于6时,过零双门限协作检测算法性能明显优于其他2种算法;在虚警概率恒定的情况下,增加计算所用的采样点数或增大判决系数能够明显提高检测概率;在虚警概率恒定情况下,算法检测概率随着信噪比增大而增大,当信噪比为-7 dB时,检测概率趋近于1;在相同的检测条件下,过零双门限协作检测算法的虚警概率要明显低于差分双门限检测的虚警概率。结果表明:过零双门限协作频谱感知算法可以降低系统的虚警概率,有效解决噪声不确定性问题,进一步提高系统感知性能。     

能量检测中的BPSK信号最优检测门限

在认知无线电中,授权用户对主用户进行频谱感知时,会存在使得虚警与漏检概率之和最小的最优检测门限。以研究高斯白噪声环境下BPSK信号的有效检测问题为目的。通过对能量检测统计量的数学分布进行理论推导,将最优检测门限问题转化为和值最小的求解问题,给出了由采样点数、噪声方差、信噪比所决定的最优检测门限计算公式,并给出证明。在不同信噪比下对和值曲线变化规律的仿真说明了最优检测门限的存在性。通过对文中门限和恒虚警概率门限下的检测概率性能分析、文中门限和恒检测概率门限下的虚警概率性能分析、以及不同指标变化时其他2种门限向文中门限收敛的性能分析,说明了最优检测门限下的检测性能较优。此外,蒙特卡洛实验验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the