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1.
通过室内实验研究了不同污泥添加量条件下污泥-生活垃圾混合填埋体的产气过程,并建立了污泥-生活垃圾降解产气过程的动力学模型。研究结果表明,污泥-生活垃圾混合填埋体的产气过程分为三个阶段,即调整阶段、加速阶段和衰减阶段;随着污泥添加量的增加,累计产气量逐渐增大,但是当污泥添加量超过30%后,累计产气量逐渐减少;添加污泥后,产气过程的产甲烷阶段明显提前,并且降解产气中CH4体积分数提高,缩短了填埋场达到稳定所需的时间;但是污泥对混合填埋体的降解速率的促进作用存在一定的范围,本实验中,污泥添加量为30%的混合填埋体的降解速率最快。  相似文献   

2.
垃圾填埋初期渗滤液循环对其产生量的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
探讨了不同循环方式下垃圾填埋初期渗滤液产生量的规律,通过填埋模拟柱(填埋垃圾170kg)进行模拟雨水渗入、渗滤液原液循环和渗滤液经过好氧生物处理后循环至垃圾层的实验。结果表明,渗滤液循环能增加填埋层起始渗滤液的产生速率;填埋层初期净产液量不但取决于循环液量,还和循环水质密切相关;渗滤液原液循环4周后抑制微生物水解作用,从而减少了垃圾净产渗滤液量;渗滤液经过好氧生物处理后循环,能加速垃圾中易降解物质水解过程,即加快渗滤液产出,此后加速水解垃圾中的难降解物质,即能增加累积净产液量;Gompertz模型可模拟不同循环方式下填埋层累积渗滤液净产生量随时间变化的规律。  相似文献   

3.
固化/稳定化污泥填埋气产生规律研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
周灵君 《科学技术与工程》2014,14(14):294-297,302
固化/稳定化技术是污泥填埋处置常用的预处理手段,固化后的污泥进行填埋也会产生填埋气,产气规律是指导填埋气收集处理系统设计的重要依据。通过室内产气实验,对不同固化材料添加量以及不同类型固化材料处理后的固化污泥产气规律进行了研究。研究结果表明:随着固化材料添加量的增加,产气总量逐渐减小,固化材料在低添加量条件下产气过程分为抑制、加速和快速衰减三个阶段,固化材料较高添加量条件下其产气过程为快速下降和稳定衰减两个阶段。固化材料对产气的影响各不相同:膨润土对产气过程基本没有影响;生石灰对产气的抑制作用大于水泥的作用。  相似文献   

4.
A-O脱氮型生物反应器填埋技术试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解决生物反应器填埋场渗滤液循环的氨氮积累问题,提出了A-O脱氮型生物反应器填埋技术,在渗滤液回灌的基础上,对回灌渗滤液进行曝气处理、pH调节和温度控制。通过建立模拟填埋柱试验,研究了不同填埋工艺对渗滤液中氨氮、COD去除以及填埋垃圾产气特征的影响。结果表明:A-O脱氮型生物反应器填埋系统在氨氮、COD去除以及产气特征上均优于传统填埋系统和渗滤液厌氧回灌填埋系统。A-O脱氮型生物反应器填埋系统中渗滤液氨氮浓度降至200.9mg/L,COD浓度降至1900mg/L,最高产气速率和累积产气量分别达到195L/d和2976L,后期CH4浓度稳定在60%左右。  相似文献   

5.
填埋方式对生活垃圾填埋处理产物及稳定性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为研究填埋方式对生活垃圾填埋处理产物及稳定性的影响,采用模拟试验方法研究好氧生物反应器、厌氧生物反应器、准好氧填埋和传统厌氧填埋等工况下垃圾固相(挥发性固体质量百分比VS、生物可降解度BDM、纤维素质量百分比、纤维素与木质素质量比C/L)、渗滤液(化学需氧量CODcr质量浓度、生物需氧量BOD5质量浓度、BOD5与CODcr质量浓度比B/C、总氮质量浓度TN、氨氮质量浓度NH3-N)和填埋气(甲烷CH4、二氧化碳CO2)等参数随时间变化。结果表明:生物反应器填埋(好氧或厌氧)能提高垃圾降解速率、加速垃圾稳定化。好氧生物反应器填埋对垃圾固相VS、BDM、纤维素的降解率分别达到57.5%、71.4%和93%,稳定化时间较厌氧生物反应器填埋缩短60%以上;渗滤液回灌加速降解渗滤液中小分子有机物:好氧生物反应器(189d)和厌氧生物反应器(596d)中CODcr和BOD5的降解率分别达到96%和99%,而且好氧生物反应器中TN和NH3-N的去除率分别达到96%和99%;厌氧生物反应器填埋利于甲烷气体集中产生和提高甲烷产率,好氧生物反应器和准好氧填埋能大大削减温室气体排放。  相似文献   

6.
《河南科学》2017,(6):891-896
试验用作物秸秆与活性污泥混合厌氧发酵制备沼气,研究了活性污泥与麦秸、玉米秸和稻草高温干式发酵的产气规律,加N素调节碳氮比(C/N)及添加生物炭对产气的影响.利用作物秸秆与活性污泥投加量1∶1,厌氧发酵原料总固体(TS)20%,在55℃下厌氧发酵.试验数据表明:1)产气从第5 d产气量开始增加,峰值均出现在第6~9 d,发酵15~25 d产气较为稳定,随后产气量缓慢下降.厌氧发酵7 d时,沼气中甲烷含量均能达到60%左右.按厌氧发酵时长45 d计算,稻草的产气量最大,单位TS累积产气量达到413.7 mL·g~(-1);玉米秸和麦秸的单位TS累积产气量分别为365.2 mL·g~(-1)、345.2 mL·g~(-1).2)调节发酵液的C/N至30∶1,可有效缩短沼气启动时间1~2 d;在沼气发酵微生物活性较低时,表现最为明显,可缩短沼气启动时间≥3 d且累积产气量最高可提高44.9%.3)在厌氧发酵液中添加4%(按发酵秸秆干基计算)的生物炭,并调节发酵液的C/N至30∶1,对麦秸厌氧发酵产气而言,累积产气量可提高38.5%,玉米秸和稻草的累积产气量分别提高6.2%和8.0%.  相似文献   

7.
垃圾生物稳定化预处理中填埋污染潜力的变化   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
实验测定生活垃圾填埋前生物稳定化预处理过程的相关指标,探讨生物稳定化处理对削减生活垃圾填埋污染的作用.结果表明:经44d两阶段(快速降解阶段+后腐熟阶段)生物稳定化处理后,生活垃圾重量减少约70%(湿重).生活垃圾中易降解有机组分明显减少,生物稳定性强的木质纤维素类约占有机物62%(干重);好氧呼吸速率(AT4)下降80%;填埋物的甲烷年排放估算值下降约80%.生活垃圾浸出液的化学需氧量(COD)和总有机碳(TOC)下降达90%以上;总氮(TN)和氨氮(NH4-N)最终质量浓度分别为峰值的60%和20%.说明经生物稳定化预处理后垃圾的填埋污染潜力明显下降.  相似文献   

8.
填埋层空气状况对填埋初期渗滤液水质的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
渗滤液的回灌可以加速填埋场的稳定化 ,降低渗滤液的有机物浓度 .但填埋初期进行渗滤液的直接回灌 ,会导致垃圾层内有机酸的积累 ,阻碍甲烷化过程的建立 .通过实验室模拟 ,研究了垃圾层中空气状况对填埋初期渗滤液直接回灌出水水质的影响 .研究结果表明 :向填埋层供给少量空气 ,就可以解决填埋初期渗滤液直接回灌产生的有机酸积累问题 ,使渗滤液中的有机物迅速降解 .  相似文献   

9.
采用固体碱预处理水葫芦,驯化污泥,并将其添加于水葫芦发酵体系中进行厌氧发酵。考察固体碱对水葫芦微观结构、活性污泥驯化、厌氧发酵产气速率以及甲烷含量的影响。结果表明:发酵初始加入固体碱且添加量为发酵底物的60%时,发酵平均产气速率最高,为16.88 mL/(g·d),此时,甲烷含量也达到最大,为80.06%;与不添加固体碱的发酵体系相比,分别提高了72.77%和64.73%。固体碱不但能驯化污泥,而且能破坏水葫芦的致密纤维结构,同时能调节发酵体系的pH值,防止有机酸对产酸菌的反馈抑制,创造更适宜于产甲烷菌生长的有利环境,提高水葫芦甲烷化的速率和效率。  相似文献   

10.
采用固体碱预处理水葫芦,驯化污泥,并将其添加于水葫芦发酵体系中进行厌氧发酵。考察固体碱对水葫芦微观结构、活性污泥驯化、厌氧发酵产气速率以及甲烷含量的影响。结果表明:发酵初始加入固体碱且添加量为发酵底物的60%时,发酵平均产气速率最高,为16.88mL/(g·d),此时,甲烷含量也达到最大,为80.06%;与不添加固体碱的发酵体系相比,分别提高了72.77%和64.73%。固体碱不但能驯化污泥,而且能破坏水葫芦的致密纤维结构,同时能调节发酵体系的pH值,防止有机酸对产酸菌的反馈抑制,创造更适宜于产甲烷菌生长的有利环境,提高水葫芦甲烷化的速率和效率。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

14.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

15.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

16.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

17.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

18.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-  相似文献   

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