大连地区主汛期降水异常的气候特征分析

运用几种诊断分析方法对大连地区1961～2000年主汛期降水异常的气候特征进行了分析,结果表明：大连地区降水的季节变化明显,主汛期7-8月的降水量占全年总降水量的51．2％;它的异常演变基本代表了其旱涝变化特征;主汛期降水异常的年际和年代际变化明显,突变点在1967年,存在10a的显著年代际周期和3．1a的显著年际周期;主汛期多雨年相对集中在20世纪60年代,而90年代少雨年相对较多．     

绍兴市近48年降水演变特征统计分析

选取绍兴国家气象观测站1961年1月至2009年2月逐月降水量作为降水分析基本资料,利用一元线性回归、小波变换和Mann-Kendall检验等统计学方法对绍兴降水季节变化和年际变化的特征进行了综合分析,分析了不同时间尺度下降水序列变化的周期和突变点,并根据主周期对未来降水变化趋势进行了预估.结果发现,绍兴市近48 a各个季节和年降水都存在多时间尺度特征,大尺度的周期变化中嵌套有小尺度的周期变化.春季降水以3～4 a年周期为主.并有准3 a周期向准4 a周期转变的趋势;夏季降水主要存在准4 a和准14 a周期变化;秋季降水主要存在准2 a和准12 a周期变化;冬季降水主要存在准4 a和准16 a周期变化:年降水主要存在准2 a和准4 a年际周期变化和准13 a年代际周期变化.绍兴春季和冬季降水突变不明显;夏季和秋季突变明显,突变点分别出现在1973年和1963年,而年降水突变不明显,不存在明显的突变期.夏季降水变化趋势和年降水趋势基本一致:夏季降水和年降水在时域上分布有很大的相似性,都具有准4 a周期变化.并全时域存在;夏季降水突变影响到全年降水的突变.根据绍兴夏季降水和年降水的主周期推测.2009年后的5～6 a绍兴年降水将相对偏多.     

山西省夏季降水年际变化特征

采用旋转主成分分析(REOF)、小波分析方法,对山西省1960-2004年夏季降水距平场进行分区,分析不同区域夏季降水时间变化规律.结果表明,山西省夏季降水异常区域大致可划分为3个区,即北部区、中部区、南部区.各异常区夏季降水都存在10 a以上长周期和5～9 a短周期振荡,但其显著周期及年代变化差异较大.     

重庆主城区近百余年降水的变化特征

利用1892—2009年重庆主城区降水资料,采用多种统计方法,分析了近百余年来重庆主城区年和四季降水的气候变化特征.结果表明:重庆市主城区近百余年来,年、春季、夏季和冬季降水线性变化趋势都不明显,都为略增多的趋势.秋季降水为显著的减少趋势,减少率为-6.7mm/10a,通过了0.01的水平置信度检验.年和四季降水的阶段性变化差异明显.年降水在近百余年未发生明显的突变.春季、夏季和冬季降水都发生过一次突变,分别发生于1915、1978、1956年,都突变为增加趋势.秋季降水第一次突变发生于1963年,突变为增加趋势;第二次突变发生于1974年,突变为减少趋势.周期分析表明近百余年来年降水存在3a左右的显著周期,春季降水存在7a和5a左右的显著周期,夏季降水存在3a和6a左右的显著周期,秋季降水存在2a左右的显著周期,冬季降水存在3a左右的显著周期.     

陕甘宁及内蒙古西部地区春季降水的气候特征

利用陕西、甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古西部地区64个测站1961～2000年春季降水量的资料,采用EOF、REOF、小波分析和突变分析等方法,对陕甘宁及内蒙古西部地区春季降水的空间分布特征和时间演变规律进行了诊断分析研究.结果表明:陕甘宁及内蒙古西部地区春季降水的空间分布既有整体一致的特性,也存在东部和西部、南部和北部相反变化的差异,可将陕甘宁及内蒙古西部地区划分为三个主要的降水异常区域:陕南秦岭区、甘蒙西部区和河套区.各异常区代表站资料反映出近40a来陕甘宁及内蒙古西部地区春季降水呈减少趋势,但未发生突变现象,并且存在着14a,8a和2～6a的周期变化.     

华北夏季降水80年振荡及其与东亚夏季风的关系

根据1470～1999年共530 a中国东部25个站旱涝等级资料和1951～1999年共49 a中国160个站降水的观测资料,利用相关分析、功率谱分析和小波分析对中国华北地区降水的年代际振荡及其与东亚夏季风的关系进行了研究,结果表明华北降水的80 a振荡与东亚夏季风强度的长期变化有很好的对应关系.CCM2.0 30 a模拟研究进一步证明了中国东部降水与东亚夏季风之间的密切关系.     

黄河流域降水序列变化的小波分析

采用1961-2000年黄河流域97个气象站点的系列资料,在分析黄河流域降水空间变化格局的基础上,采用墨西哥帽小波函数,对黄河流域近40 a来降水的季节变化和年际变化时间序列进行了小波分析,揭示了黄河流域降水变化的多时间尺度的复杂结构,分析了不同时间尺度下降水序列变化的周期和突变点,并确定了各序列中存在的主要周期.结果表明:黄河流域多年平均降水量的地区分布既受天气系统的制约,又受地形等地理环境的影响,造成明显的地区性差异;黄河流域年降水和各季节降水均存在8～12 a左右时间尺度的多少交替,表现出明显的周期特征,其次4～6 a左右时间尺度的周期特征也较明显,夏季降水和年降水变化趋势具有较大相似性,不同时间尺度的周期特征之间有不同程度的吻合,说明夏季降水较大程度地控制着年降水.小波分析的时频局部化特性可展现降水时间序列的精细结构,为分析气候多时间尺度变化特征及短期气候预测等节水关键问题研究提供了一种新途径.     

我国东北地区主要城市气温和降水量序列的多尺度分析

根据1961~2010年东北地区35个主要城市站的逐日气温及降水资料,采用线性拟合、小波变换、经验正交函数分解、Mann-Kendall突变检验和R/S分析等方法,分析了我国东北地区主要城市的气温和降水的变化。结果表明:近50年东北主要城市年平均气温呈上升趋势,其中20世纪80年代后期至90年代初增温幅度最大;城市气温变化存在明显的16a尺度年代际变化周期和(7~8)a、4 a和准2 a尺度的年际变化周期,其中4a尺度的低频振荡能量最强;城市化进程对气温变化影响显著。东北地区主要城市的年降水量减少趋势明显,其中20世纪60年代中期至80年代初降水减少幅度最大;年总降水变化存在准2 a、4 a和(9~10)a尺度的年际变化周期,其中4 a和(9~10)a振荡能量最强;夏季出现特涝的概率大于特旱,大涝的几率小于大旱;同时7月份是东北局部特大洪涝或干旱的多发时段。     

四川南部秋季降水变化及相应大气环流异常特征

利用1961—2014年全国756站的降水资料和美国NOAA-CIRES的20CR月平均再分析资料,研究了四川南部秋季(9～11月)降水变化及其相应的大气环流异常特征。结果表明,四川南部秋季降水具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征,其年际周期以2～4 a和准6 a为主,年代际周期以9～15 a为主。它与黄淮流域同期降水存在显著的负相关关系,与四川南部秋季降水关系密切的大气环流结构是北大西洋—俄罗斯西部—蒙古西部—东亚(NRMA)遥相关波列,NRMA遥相关波列在东亚地区激发出一个气旋性环流,与此同时,中南半岛西侧存在一个反气旋性环流,以上环流型有利于北方冷空气和来自孟加拉湾的暖湿气流在四川南部地区汇合,从而容易导致该地区降水的产生,反之亦然。     

长江中下游地区1月降水变化特征

利用58a长江中下游地区25个站的1月降水资料和逐年1月大气环流资料,分析了长江中下游地区1951-2008年1月份的降水变化特征。结果表明:长江中下游1月降水总体呈4.44mm/10a的增加趋势,存在10-12年的年代际周期和4年左右的年际周期,且在1988年出现了从减少趋势到增加趋势的突变点。长江中下游1月降水的趋势系数分布为全区一致增加,且趋势系数由北向南增加。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。