鲁迅果戈理笔下狂人形象比较论

本文通过狂人形象诞生、狂人特点和狂人形象意义三方面来比较研究,具体分析两篇《狂人日记》,虽然鲁迅在体裁、故事情节发展等方面都借鉴了果戈理的同名小说,但是,由于果戈理的《狂人日记》只是简单地通过＂狂人＂的遭遇表现当时沙俄社会的腐朽和丑恶,因此没有鲁迅运用象征的手法在其作品中将具有几千年历史的＂仁义道德＂概括为＂吃人＂以及对＂吃人者＂遍布在社会各处的认识等内容＂忧愤深广＂,更兼之鲁迅是站在启蒙人的角度对封建宗法制度进行彻底否定并表现出复杂的内涵,这更使果戈理的《狂人日记》与之相比而显得缺乏那种磅礴大气和厚重感。我们在相通之中寻不同之处,进一步探求鲁迅和果戈理《狂人日记》中狂人形象的思想意义。     

鲁迅新诗艺术手法琐谈

鲁迅是我国早期用语体写新诗的拓荒者之一,对“五四”时代新诗的形成和发展,作过不凡的贡献。然而拿他自己的谦逊之话说,“只因为那时诗坛寂寞,”所以做新诗是为了“打打边鼓,凑凑热闹。”“五四”前夕,鲁迅虽在教育部任佥事,实则正处在抄古籍的沉默生活之中,但内心却蕴藏着燃烧的火种,他是受到时代巨浪的激荡,才提笔写出了中国现代的第一篇白话小说《狂人日记》,同时又创作了《梦》等几首新诗,以文学为战斗武器,投身于反帝反封建斗争之中。这些新诗(《梦》、《爱之神》、桃花》、《他们的花园》、     

试析《狂人日记》的“笑”

《狂人日记》是鲁迅先生第一篇白话小说,也是中围现代文学史上第一篇白话小说。它是“打倒孔家店”的第一声惊雷。小说主人公狂人第一次喊出了“将来容不得吃人的人,活在世上。”狂人虽狂,他却是个了不起的预言家。它的预言,今天已变成了光辉的现实。鲁迅创作小说,主张用白描手法写人。所谓“白描”,即或画眼睛,或写动作,或写对话,也就是“什么陪衬拖带也没有”,“只觉得够将意思传给别人了”就行。“我深信对于我的目的,这方法是适宜的。所以我不去描写风月……(《南腔北调集·我怎么做起小说来》)。《狂人日记》的十几处“笑”的描写,即其白描手法之一。一、序言的“大笑”,反映了“大哥”骄横的狂态,吃人者的本相     

春雷·号角·战鼓——读鲁迅小说《狂人日记》

1918年5月,中国新民主主义革命的前夜,鲁迅在当时国内最有影响的《新青年》杂志上,发表了他的第一篇、也是中国新文学史上的第一篇白话小说《狂人日记》。它是站在时代前列,与中国新民主主义革命步伐一致的彻底反封建的战斗檄文,是揭开“五四”新文学运动序幕的第一声响亮的春雷,是激励人们向几千年的封建专制主义展开全面进攻的嘹亮号     

是人吃人还是礼教吃人?——鲁迅《狂人日记》的再解读

鲁迅的《狂人日记》是五四新文化运动的总序言,它向人吃人的社会现实发起了猛烈的批判,同时这部小说对狂人心理感受的描写也是深刻细腻的。"人吃人"的现象背后蕴含着"礼教吃人"的本质。"人吃人"和"礼教吃人"存在必然的联系,二者互为表里。     

清醒的狂人,病态的斗士——从《第六病室》、《狂人日记》看契诃夫与鲁迅的创作

中国新文化伟大旗手鲁迅先生与外国文学,尤其是与俄罗期文学有着深厚的千丝万缕的联系。鲁迅先生一生奉行“拿来主义”,吮吸着外国文学的丰富乳汁,开始他的文学创作道路。谈起怎样做起小说来时,他说:“大约所仰仗的全在先前看过的百来篇作品。”大家印象最深,最熟悉的是他的《狂人日记》就是在果戈理的《狂人日记》的影响下写成的。由于这两篇小说的同名,以及形式、内容的相近,因而受到国内众多评论家长期的注视,并且进行了大量的比较研究。鲁迅先生也直言不讳地承认自己直接师法果戈理却又比果戈理“忧愤深广得多,很有“青出于蓝而胜于蓝”之慨。当人们的视角纷纷集中于这两篇同名小说的时候,我们是否可将鲁迅的《狂人日记》拿来与另一位     

革命、寓言与历史意识——论作为现代文学“起源”的《狂人日记》

鲁迅的写作与中国革命之间的关系是一个经典话题,然而,已有阐释多以外在历史结论穿透鲁迅的文本却较为忽略其形式的意味。鲁迅的第一篇白话小说《狂人日记》就包含着重要的形式线索,远非从象征出发的阐释模式可以把握。作为文学的狂人日记建构出全新的吃人,动摇了旧有整全的意义世界,同时也付出了沉陷于寓言状态的代价。鲁迅以其写作承认了中国革命的吊诡之处及其寓言式的状态,也以此弃绝了诸种简单的进步或回退的历史意识与历史观念。在这个意义上,作为现代文学起源的《狂人日记》呈现出鲁迅关于中国革命及其历史展开的洞见。     

从《狂人日记》看外国作家对鲁迅的影响

鲁迅《狂人日记》受到了很多外国作家的影响,文章从题材、主题、表现手法和风格等方面分析了《狂人日记》所体现的外国作家对鲁迅的影响。认为在题材上,鲁迅的《狂人日记》受了果戈理同名小说的启发;在思想主题上,体现了尼采的部分精神人格,在表现手法上,借鉴了安特莱夫的心理描写手法,表现象征主义和"阴冷"色彩。     

学生需要一只金葫芦

1924年,孙伏园在《关于鲁迅先生》一文谈到,鲁迅听说《呐喊》一出版就被请进中小学课堂之后,不但感到极为沉痛,而且此后一看到这本书就讨厌。他的情感反应为什么如此强烈?因为他很不愿意孩子们读到他这些阴森寒凉的作品,最不愿意孩子们读到处处“吃人”的《狂人日记》。他说:“中国书籍虽然缺乏,给小孩子看的书虽然尤其缺乏,但万想不到会轮到我的《呐喊》。”他进而愤激地说,这本书不但没有再版的必要,简直应该让它绝版。他甚至不想再写这一类的小说。鲁迅的这个态度表明了他对语文课本的一种想像,在他看来,不应该老是在课堂上声色俱厉的宣…     

鲁迅后期记人散文浅谈

“五四”时期,当伟大的文学革命先行者鲁迅在《新青年》上以第一篇白话小说《狂人日记》真正揭开了文学革命的序幕之时,同时,也就开始了他的杂文创作。一九二七年大革命失败之后至三十年代,阶级斗争、民族斗争空前尖锐,为了适应激烈的革命战斗的需要,鲁迅更集中主要精力从事杂文创作,他将杂文称作是“感应的神经,攻守的手足”。创作数量也比前期猛增数倍。一九三五年底,他在《且介亭杂文集·后记》中,对自己的杂文创作做自我小结时说:“我从在《新青年》上写《随感录》起,到写这集子里的最末一篇止,共历十八年,单是杂感,约有八十方字。后九年中的所写,比前九     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with